arXiv subjects

Yoichi Takeda

Publications and source records attributed to Yoichi Takeda.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

arXiv2011

Behavior of [S/Fe] in Very Metal-Poor Stars from the S I 1.046 micron Lines Revisited

With an aim of establishing how the [S/Fe] ratios behave at the very low metallicity regime down to [Fe/H] ~ -3, we conducted a non-LTE analysis of near-IR S ~ {\sc i} triplet lines (multiplet 3) at 10455-10459 A for a dozen of very metal-poor stars (-3.2 <[Fe/H] < -1.9) based on the new observational data obtained with IRCS+AO188 of the Subaru Telescope. It turned out that the resulting [S/Fe] values are only moderately supersolar at [S/Fe] ~ +0.2-0.5 irrespective of the metallicity. While this "flat" tendency is consistent with the trend recently corroborated by Spite et al. (2011, A&A, 528, A9) based on the S I 9212/9228/9237 lines (multiplet 1), it disaffirms the possibility of conspicuously large [S/Fe] (up to ~+0.8) at [Fe/H] ~ -3 that we once suggested in our first report on the S abundances of disk/halo stars using S I 10455-10459 lines (Takeda & Takada-Hidai 2011, PASJ, 63, S537). Given these new observational facts, we withdraw our previous argument, since we consider that [S/Fe]'s of some most metal-poor objects were overestimated in that paper; the likely cause for this failure is also discussed.

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arXiv2011

Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Abundances in Sharp-Lined A-Type Stars

The abundances of alkali elements (Li, Na, and K) were determined from the Li I 6708, Na I 5682/5688, and K I 7699 lines by taking into account the non-LTE effect for 24 sharp-lined A-type stars v sin i < 50 km/s, 7000 K < Teff <10000 K, many showing Am peculiarities to different degrees), based on high-dispersion and high-S/N spectral data secured at BOAO (Korea) and OAO (Japan). We found a significant trend that A(Na) tightly scales with A(Fe) irrespective of Teff, which means that Na becomes enriched similarly to Fe in accordance with the degree of Am peculiarity. Regarding lithium, A(Li) mostly ranges between ~3 and ~3.5 (i.e., almost the same as or slightly less than the solar system abundance of 3.3) with a weak decreasing tendency with a lowering of Teff at Teff < 8000 K, though several stars exceptionally show distinctly larger depletion. The abundances of potassium also revealed an apparent Teff-dependence in the sense that A(K) in late-A stars tends to be mildly subsolar (possibly with a weak anti-correlation with A(Fe)) systematically decreasing from ~5.0 (Teff ~ 8500 K) to ~4.6 (Teff ~ 7500 K), while those for early-A stars remain near-solar around ~5.0-5.2. These observational facts may serve as important constraints for any theory aiming to explain chemical anomalies of A-type stars.

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arXiv2011

A Possible Substellar Companion to the Intermediate-mass Giant HD 175679

We report the discovery of a substellar companion around the intermediatemass giant HD 175679. Precise radial velocity data of the star from Xinglong Station and Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (OAO) revealed a Keplerian velocity variation with an orbital period of 1366.8 \pm 5.7 days, a semiamplitude of 380.2 \pm 3.2m s.1, and an eccentricity of 0.378 \pm 0.008. Adopting a stellar mass of 2.7 \pm 0.3 M\odot, we obtain the minimum mass of the HD 175679 b is 37.3 \pm 2.8 MJ, and the semimajor axis is 3.36 \pm 0.12 AU. This discovery is the second brown dwarf companion candidate from a joint planet-search program between China and Japan.

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arXiv2011

Beryllium Abundances of Solar-Analog Stars

An extensive beryllium abundance analysis was conducted for 118 solar analogs (along with 87 FGK standard stars) by applying the spectrum synthesis technique to the near-UV region comprising the Be II line at 3131.066 A, in an attempt to investigate whether Be suffers any depletion such as the case of Li showing a large diversity. We found that, while most of these Sun-like stars are superficially similar in terms of their A(Be) (Be abundances) around the solar value within ~ +/- 0.2dex, 4 out of 118 samples turned out strikingly Be-deficient (by more than ~2 dex) and these 4 stars belong to the group of lowest v_e sin i (projected rotation velocity). Moreover, even for the other majority showing an apparent similarity in Be, we can recognize a tendency that A(Be) gradually increases with an increase in v_e sin i. These observational facts suggest that any solar analog star (including the Sun) generally suffers some kind of Be depletion during their lives, where the rotational velocity (or the angular momentum) plays an important role in the sense that depletion tends to be enhanced by slower rotation. Hence, our findings require that the occasionally stated view "G-type dwarfs with T_eff ~< 6000 K are essentially homogeneous in Be with their original composition retained" should be revised. Also, our analysis indicates that the difference of ~0.2 dex in A(Be) between the solar photosphere and the meteorite really exists, implying that "UV missing opacity" is irrelevant at least for this Be II line.

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arXiv2011

Chromospheres in Metal-Poor Stars Evidenced from the He I 10830A Line

Based on the near-IR spectra of 33 late-type stars in the wide metallicity range (mainly dwarfs and partly giants) obtained with IRCS+AO188 of the Subaru Telescope, we confirmed that He I 10830A line is seen in absorption in almost all moderately to extremely metal-poor stars of thick disk and halo population (from [Fe/H]~ -0.5 down to [Fe/H]~ -3.7), the strength of which is almost constant irrespective of the metallicity. This is an evidence that chromospheric activity at a basal level persists even for such old stars, despite that their rotations are considered to be slowed down and incapable of sustaining a dynamo, suggesting that some kind of chromospheric heating mechanism independent of rotation/magnetism (e.g., acoustic heating) may take place.

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arXiv2010

Exploring the [S/Fe] Behavior of Metal-Poor Stars with the S I 1.046 micron Lines

In an attempt of clarifying the [S/Fe] behavior with the run of [Fe/H] in the metal-poor regime which has been a matter of debate, an extensive non-LTE analysis of near-IR S I triplet lines (multiplet 3) at 1.046 micron was carried out for selected 33 halo/disk stars in a wide metallicity range of [Fe/H] ~-3.7 to ~+0.3, based on the spectral data collected with IRCS+AO188 of the Subaru Telescope. We found an evidence of considerably large [S/Fe] ratio amounting to ~+0.7-0.8 dex at very low metallicity of [Fe/H] ~-3, which makes marked contrast with other alpha-elements (Mg, Si, Ca, Ti) flatly showing moderately supersolar [alpha/Fe] of ~0.3 dex. Meanwhile, a locally-flat tendency of [S/Fe] at ~+0.3 is seen at -2.5 <[Fe/H]< -1.5. These results may suggest that the nature of [S/Fe] in metal-poor halo stars is not so simple as has been argued (i.e., neither being globally flat independent of [Fe/H] nor monotonically increasing with a decrease in [Fe/H]), but rather complicated with a local plateau around [Fe/H] ~-2 followed by a discontinuous jump between the narrow interval of -3 <[Fe/H]< -2.5.

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arXiv2010

Oxygen and Neon Abundances of B-Type Stars in Comparison with the Sun

To revisit the long-standing problem of possible inconsistency concerning the oxygen composition in the current galactic gas and in the solar atmosphere (i.e., the former being appreciably lower by ~0.3 dex) apparently contradicting the galactic chemical evolution, we carried out oxygen abundance determinations for 64 mid- through late-B stars by using the O I 6156-8 lines while taking into account the non-LTE effect, and compared them with the solar O abundance established in the same manner. The resulting mean oxygen abundance was = 8.71 (+/- 0.06), which means that [O/H] (star-Sun differential abundance) is ~-0.1, the difference being less significant than previously thought. Moreover, since the 3D correction may further reduce the reference solar oxygen abundance (8.81) by ~0.1 dex, we conclude that the photospheric O abundances of these B stars are almost the same as that of the Sun. We also determined the non-LTE abundances of neon for the sample B stars from Ne I 6143/6163 lines to be = 8.02 (+/- 0.09), leading to the Ne-to-O ratio of ~0.2 consistent with the recent studies. This excludes a possibility of considerably high Ne/O ratio once proposed as a solution to the confronted solar model problem.

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arXiv2010

Substellar Companions to Evolved Intermediate-Mass Stars: HD 145457 and HD 180314

We report the detections of two substellar companions orbiting around evolved intermediate-mass stars from precise Doppler measurements at Subaru Telescope and Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. HD 145457 is a K0 giant with a mass of 1.9 M_sun and has a planet of minimum mass m_2sini=2.9 M_J orbiting with period of P=176 d and eccentricity of e=0.11. HD 180314 is also a K0 giant with 2.6 M_sun and hosts a substellar companion of m_2sin i=22 M_J, which falls in brown-dwarf mass regime, in an orbit with P=396 d and e=0.26. HD 145457 b is one of the innermost planets and HD 180314 b is the seventh candidate of brown-dwarf-mass companion found around intermediate-mass evolved stars.

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arXiv2009

Can Sodium Abundances of A-Type Stars Be Reliably Determined from Na I 5890/5896 Lines?

An extensive non-LTE abundance analysis based on Na I 5890/5896 doublet lines was carried out for a large unbiased sample of ~120 A-type main-sequence stars (including 23 Hyades stars) covering a wide v_e sin i range of ~10--300 km/s, with an aim to examine whether the Na abundances in such A dwarfs can be reliably established from these strong Na I D lines. The resulting abundances ([Na/H]_{58}), which were obtained by applying the T_eff-dependent microturbulent velocities of ξ~2--4 km/s with a peak at T_eff ~ 8000 K (typical for A stars), turned out generally negative with a large diversity (from ~-1 to ~0), while showing a sign of v_e sin i-dependence (decreasing toward higher rotation). However, the reality of this apparently subsolar trend is very questionable, since these [Na/H]_{58} are systematically lower by ~0.3--0.6 dex than more reliable [Na/H]_{61} (derived from weak Na I 6154/6161 lines for sharp-line stars). Considering the large ξ-sensitivity of the abundances derived from these saturated Na I D lines, we regard that [Na/H]_{58} must have been erroneously underestimated, suspecting that the conventional ξvalues are improperly too large at least for such strong high-forming Na I 5890/5896 lines, presumably due to the depth-dependence of ξdecreasing with height. The nature of atmospheric turbulent velocity field in mid-to-late A stars would have to be more investigated before we can determine reliable sodium abundances from these strong resonance D lines.

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arXiv2009

High-Dispersion Spectroscopic Study of Solar Twins: HIP 56948, HIP 79672, and HIP 100963

An intensive spectroscopic study was performed for three representative solar twins (HIP 56948, HIP 79672, and HIP 100963) as well as for the Sun (Moon; reference standard), with an intention of (1) quantitatively discussing the relative-to-Sun similarities based on the precisely established differential parameters and (2) investigating the reason causing the Li abundance differences despite their similarities. It was concluded that HIP 56948 most resembles the Sun in every respect including the Li abundance (though not perfectly similar) among the three and deserves the name of "closest-ever solar twin", while HIP 79672 and HIP 100963 have somewhat higher effective temperature and appreciably higher surface Li composition. While there is an indication of Li being rotation-dependent because the projected rotation in HIP 56948 (and the Sun) is slightly lower than the other two, the rotational difference alone does not seem to be so large as to efficiently produce the marked change in Li. Rather, this may be more likely to be attributed (at least partly) to the slight difference in T_eff via some T_eff-sensitive Li-controlling mechanism. Since the abundance of beryllium was found to be essentially solar for all stars irrespective of Li, any physical process causing the Li diversity should work only on Li without affecting Be.

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arXiv2008

Rotation and surface abundance peculiarities in A-type stars

In an attempt of clarifying the connection between the photospheric abundance anomalies and the stellar rotation as well as of exploring the nature of "normal A" stars, the abundances of seven elements (C, O, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Ba) and the projected rotational velocity for 46 A-type field stars were determined by applying the spectrum-fitting method to the high-dispersion spectral data obtained with BOES at BOAO. We found that the peculiarities (underabundances of C, O, and Ca; an overabundance of Ba) seen in slow rotators efficiently decrease with an increase of rotation, which almost disappear at v_e sin i > 100 km s^-1. This further suggests that stars with sufficiently large rotational velocity may retain the original composition at the surface without being altered. Considering the subsolar tendency (by several tenths dex below) exhibited by the elemental abundances of such rapidly-rotating (supposedly normal) A stars, we suspect that the gas metallicity may have decreased since our Sun was born, contrary to the common picture of galactic chemical evolution.

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arXiv2008

Planetary Companions to Evolved Intermediate-Mass Stars: 14 Andromedae, 81 Ceti, 6 Lyncis, and HD 167042

We report on the detection of four extrasolar planets orbiting evolved intermediate-mass stars from a precise Doppler survey of G and K giants at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. All of the host stars are considered to be formerly early F-type or A-type dwarfs when they were on the main sequence. 14 And (K0 III) is a clump giant with a mass of 2.2 M_solar and has a planet of minimum mass m_2sin i=4.8 M_Jup in a nearly circular orbit with a 186 day period. This is one of the innermost planets around evolved intermediate-mass stars and such planets have only been discovered in clump giants. 81 Cet (G5 III) is a clump giant with 2.4 M_solar hosting a planet of m_2sin i=5.3 M_Jup in a 953 day orbit with an eccentricity of e=0.21. 6 Lyn (K0 IV) is a less evolved subgiant with 1.7 M_solar and has a planet of m_2sin i=2.4 M_Jup in a 899 day orbit with e=0.13. HD 167042 (K1 IV) is also a less evolved star with 1.5 M_solar hosting a planet of m_2sin i=1.6 M_Jup in a 418 day orbit with e=0.10. This planet was independently announced by Johnson et al. (2008, ApJ, 675, 784). All of the host stars have solar or sub-solar metallicity, which supports the lack of metal-rich tendency in planet-harboring giants in contrast to the case of dwarfs.

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arXiv2008

Stellar Parameters and Elemental Abundances of Late-G Giants

The properties of 322 intermediate-mass late-G giants (comprising 10 planet-host stars) selected as the targets of Okayama Planet Search Program, many of which are red-clump giants, were comprehensively investigated by establishing their various stellar parameters (atmospheric parameters including turbulent velocity fields, metallicity, luminosity, mass, age, projected rotational velocity, etc.), and their photospheric chemical abundances for 17 elements, in order to study their mutual dependence, connection with the existence of planets, and possible evolution-related characteristics. The metallicity distribution of planet-host giants was found to be almost the same as that of non-planet-host giants, making marked contrast to the case of planet-host dwarfs tending to be metal-rich. Generally, the metallicities of these comparatively young (typical age of ~10^9 yr) giants tend to be somewhat lower than those of dwarfs at the same age, and super-metal-rich ([Fe/H] > 0.2) giants appear to be lacking. Apparent correlations were found between the abundances of C, O, and Na, suggesting that the surface compositions of these elements have undergone appreciable changes due to dredge-up of H-burning products by evolution-induced deep envelope mixing which becomes more efficient for higher-mass stars.

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arXiv2008

Planetary Companions around Three Intermediate-Mass G and K Giants: 18 Del, xi Aql, and HD 81688

We report the detection of 3 new extrasolar planets from the precise Doppler survey of G and K giants at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The host stars, namely, 18 Del (G6 III), xi Aql (K0 III) and HD 81688 (K0 III-IV), are located at the clump region on the HR diagram with estimated masses of 2.1-2.3 M_solar. 18 Del b has a minimum mass of 10.3 M_Jup and resides in a nearly circular orbit with period of 993 days, which is the longest one ever discovered around evolved stars. xi Aql b and HD 81688 b have minimum masses of 2.8 and 2.7 M_Jup, and reside in nearly circular orbits with periods of 137 and 184 days, respectively, which are the shortest ones among planets around evolved stars. All of the substellar companions ever discovered around possible intermediate-mass (1.7-3.9 M_solar) clump giants have semimajor axes larger than 0.68 AU, suggesting the lack of short-period planets. Our numerical calculations suggest that Jupiter-mass planets within about 0.5 AU (even up to 1 AU depending on the metallicity and adopted models) around 2-3 M_solar stars could be engulfed by the central stars at the tip of RGB due to tidal torque from the central stars. Assuming that most of the clump giants are post-RGB stars, we can not distinguish whether the lack of short-period planets is primordial or due to engulfment by central stars. Deriving reliable mass and evolutionary status for evolved stars is highly required for further investigation of formation and evolution of planetary systems around intermediate-mass stars.

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arXiv2007

A Substellar Companion to the Intermediate-Mass Giant 11 Com

We report the detection of a substellar companion orbiting the intermediate-mass giant star 11 Com (G8 III). Precise Doppler measurements of the star from Xinglong station and Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (OAO) revealed Keplerian velocity variations with an orbital period of 326.03 +/- 0.32 days, a semiamplitude of 302.8 +/- 2.6 m/s, and an eccentricity of 0.231 +/- 0.005. Adopting a stellar mass of 2.7 +/- 0.3 M_solar, the minimum mass of the companion is 19.4 +/- 1.5 M_Jup, well above the deuterium burning limit, and the semimajor axis is 1.29 +/- 0.05 AU. This is the first result from the joint planet search program between China and Japan aiming at revealing statistics of substellar companions around intermediate-mass giants. 11 Com b emerged from 300 targets of the planet search program at OAO. The current detection rate of a brown dwarf candidate seems to be comparable to that around solar-type stars within orbital separations of $\sim$3 AU.

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arXiv2005

Non-LTE Line-Formation and Abundances of Sulfur and Zinc in F, G, and K Stars

Extensive statistical-equilibrium calculations on neutral sulfur and zinc were carried out, in order to investigate how the non-LTE effect plays a role in the determination of S and Zn abundances in F, G, and K stars. Having checked on the spectra of representative F-type stars (Polaris, Procyon, and alpha Per) and the Sun that our non-LTE corrections yield a reasonable consistency between the abundances derived from different lines, we tried an extensive non-LTE reanalysis of published equivalent-width data of S I and Zn I lines for metal-poor halo/disk stars. According to our calculations, S I 9212/9228/9237 lines suffer significant negative non-LTE corrections amounting to <~ 0.2--0.3 dex, while LTE is practically valid for S I 8683/8694 lines. Embarrassingly, as far as the very metal-poor regime is concerned, a marked discordance is observed between the [S/Fe] values from these two abundance indicators, in the sense that the former attains a nearly flat plateau (or even a slight downward bending) while the latter shows an ever-increasing trend with a further lowering of metallicity. The reason for this discrepancy is yet to be clarified. Regarding Zn, we almost confirmed the characteristic tendencies of [Zn/Fe] reported from recent LTE studies (i.e., an evident/slight increase of [Zn/Fe] with a decrease of [Fe/H] for very metal-poor/disk stars), since the non-LTE corrections for the Zn I 4722/4810 and 6362 lines (tending to be positive and gradually increasing towards lower [Fe/H]) are quantitatively of less significance (<~ 0.1 dex).

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arXiv2003

Oxygen Line Formation in Late-F through Early-K Disk/Halo Stars: Infrared O I Triplet and [O I] Lines

In order to investigate the formation of O {\sc i} 7771--5 and [O {\sc i}] 6300/6363 lines, extensive non-LTE calculations for neutral atomic oxygen were carried out for wide ranges of model atmosphere parameters, which are applicable to early-K through late-F halo/disk stars of various evolutionary stages. The formation of the triplet O {\sc i} lines was found to be well described by the classical two-level-atom scattering model, and the non-LTE correction is practically determined by the parameters of the line-transition itself without any significant relevance to the details of the oxygen atomic model. This simplifies the problem in the sense that the non-LTE abundance correction is essentially determined only by the line-strength ($W_λ$), if the atmospheric parameters of $T_{\rm eff}$, $\log g$, and $ξ$ are given, without any explicit dependence of the metallicity; thus allowing a useful analytical formula with tabulated numerical coefficients. On the other hand, our calculations lead to the robust conclusion that LTE is totally valid for the forbidden [O {\sc i}] lines. An extensive reanalysis of published equivalent-width data of O {\sc i} 7771--5 and [O {\sc i}] 6300/6363 taken from various literature resulted in the conclusion that, while a reasonable consistency of O {\sc i} and [O {\sc i}] abundances was observed for disk stars ($-1 \la [{\rm Fe}/{\rm H}] \la 0$), the existence of a systematic abundance discrepancy was confirmed between O {\sc i} and [O {\sc i}] lines in conspicuously metal-poor halo stars ($-3 \la [{\rm Fe}/{\rm H}] \la -1$) without being removed by our non-LTE corrections, i.e., the former being larger by $\sim 0.3$ dex at $-3 \la [{\rm Fe}/{\rm H}] \la -2$.

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arXiv2003

Non-LTE Analysis for the Sodium Abundances of Metal-Poor Stars in the Galactic Disk and Halo

We performed an extensive non-LTE analysis of the neutral sodium lines of Na {\sc i} 5683/5688, 5890/5896, 6154/6161, and 8183/8195 for disk/halo stars of F--K type covering a wide metallicity range ($-4 \la$ [Fe/H] $\la 0.4$), based on our own data as well as those collected from the literature. For comparatively metal-rich disk stars ($-1 \la$ [Fe/H] $\la 0$) where the weaker 6154/6161 lines are best abundance indicators, we confirmed [Na/Fe] $\sim$ 0 with an ``upturn'' (i.e., a shallow/broad dip around $-0.5 \la$ [Fe/H] $\la 0$) as already reported by previous studies. Regarding the metal-deficient halo stars, where the much stronger 5890/5896 or 8183/8195 lines suffering considerable (negative) non-LTE corrections amounting to 0.5 dex have to be used, our analysis suggests mildly ``subsolar'' [Na/Fe] values down to $\sim -0.4$ (with a somewhat large scatter of $\sim \pm 0.2$ dex) on the average at the typical halo metallicity of [Fe/H] $\sim -2$, while they appear to rise again toward a very metal-poor regime recovering a near-solar ratio of [Na/Fe] $\sim$ 0 ([Fe/H] $\sim -3$ to -4). These results are discussed in comparison with the previous observational studies along with the theoretical predictions from the available chemical evolution models.

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