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Yongle Jiang

Publications and source records attributed to Yongle Jiang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Uniformly recurrent subalgebras in finite von Neumann algebras

We introduce the notion of a uniformly recurrent subalgebra (URA) for a trace-preserving action of a countable discrete group $Γ$ on a finite von Neumann algebra $M$, providing an operator-algebraic counterpart to the theory of uniformly recurrent subgroups (URS). We also show that the Effros-Maréchal space $\text{Sub}(M)$ is compact if and only if $M$ lacks a diffuse direct summand. Leveraging this, we show that URAs can exhibit arbitrary topological complexity and construct exotic URAs homeomorphic to any prescribed minimal Polish space. In the context of crossed products $M \rtimes Γ$ with amenable coefficients, we utilize URAs to formulate a new characterization of C*-simplicity, proving that $Γ$ is C*-simple if and only if the only amenable URA of the crossed product containing $M$ is $\{M\}$. Finally, to bypass the failure of compactness in $\text{Sub}(M)$, we develop a generalized state-space machinery using Baire-category methods on the weak-* compact space of trace-extending states. This construction captures compact, discrete, and exotic URAs, while recovering the classical URS framework as a special case.

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arXiv2026

$C^*$-simplicity, confined subalgebras, and operator algebraic uniform recurrence

We introduce the notion of confined subalgebras in the context of the group von Neumann algebra. We also define Uniformly Recurrent States -- an operator-algebraic analog of Uniformly Recurrent Subgroups. Using this framework, we show that a countable discrete group is $C^*$-simple if and only if it admits no non-trivial amenable confined subalgebras. This generalizes the well-known result of Kennedy that characterizes $C^*$-simplicity in terms of trivial amenable uniformly recurrent subgroups.

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arXiv2026

Invariant $C^*$-subalgebras of the reduced group $C^*$-algebra

Let $Γ$ be a countable discrete group. We say that $Γ$ has $C^*$-invariant subalgebra rigidity (ISR) property if every $Γ$-invariant $C^*$-subalgebra $\mathcal{A}\le C_r^*(Γ)$ is of the form $C_r^*(N)$ for some normal subgroup $N\triangleleftΓ$. We show that all torsion-free, non-amenable (cylindrically) hyperbolic groups with property-AP and a finite direct product of such groups have this property. We also prove that an infinite group $Γ$ has the C$^*$-ISR property only if $Γ$ is simple amenable or $C^*$-simple.

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arXiv2026

Non-commutative Factor theorem for tensor products of lattices in product groups

We establish a non-commutative version of the Intermediate Factor Theorem for crossed products associated with product lattices. Given an irreducible lattice $Γ< G= G_1 \times \dots \times G_d$ in higher rank semisimple algebraic groups and a trace-preserving irreducible action $G \curvearrowright (\mathcal{N}, τ)$, we show that every intermediate von Neumann algebra between $\mathcal{N}\rtimesΓ$ and $(L^\infty(G/P,ν_P)\overline{\otimes}\mathcal{N})\rtimesΓ$ is again a crossed product of the form $(L^\infty(G/Q,ν_Q)\overline{\otimes}\mathcal{N})\rtimesΓ$.

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arXiv2026

On invariant subalgebras when the ISR property fails

We classify all $G$-invariant von Neumann subalgebras in $L(G)$ for $G=\mathbb{Z}^2\rtimes SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$. This is the first result on classifying $G$-invariant von Neumann subalgebras in $L(G)$ for i.c.c. groups $G$ without the invariant von Neumann subalgebras rigidity property (ISR property for short) as introduced in Amrutam-Jiang's work. As a corollary, we show that $L(\mathbb{Z}^2\rtimes \{\pm I_2\})$ is the unique maximal Haagerup $G$-invariant von Neumann subalgebra in $L(G)$, where $I_2$ denotes the identity matrix in $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$.

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arXiv2026

Classification of Invariant Subalgebras in a class of factors with property (T)

Let $n\geq 2$ and $G_n=\mathbb{Z}^n\rtimes SL_n(\mathbb{Z})$. We classify all $G_n$-invariant von Neumann subalgebras in $L(G_n)$. For $n=2$, this gives an alternative proof of the previous result of Jiang-Liu. For $n\geq 3$, this gives the first class of property (T) groups without the invariant subalgebras rigidity property but invariant subalgebras in the corresponding group factors can still be classified. As a corollary, $L(G_n)$ admits a unique maximal Haagerup $G_n$-invariant von Neumann subalgebra.

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arXiv2025

Non-commutative Intermediate Factor theorem associated with $W^*$-dynamics of product groups

Let $G = G_{1} \times G_{2}$ be a product of two locally compact, second countable groups and $μ\in \mathrm{Prob}(G)$ be of the form $μ= μ_{1} \times μ_{2}$, where $μ_{i} \in \mathrm{Prob}(G_{i})$. Let $(B,ν_B)$ be the associated Poisson boundary. We show that every intermediate $G$-von Neumann algebra $\mathcal{M}$ with \[ \mathcal{N} \subseteq \mathcal{M} \subseteq \mathcal{N} \,\bar{\otimes}\, L^{\infty}(B,ν) \] splits as a tensor product of the form $\mathcal{N}\bar{\otimes}L^{\infty}(C,ν_C)$, where $(C,ν_C)$ is a $(G,μ)$-boundary. Here, $\mathcal{N}$ is a tracial von Neumann algebra on which $G$ acts trace-preservingly. This generalizes the Intermediate Factor Theorem proved by Bader--Shalom (\cite[Theorem~1.9]{BS06}) in the measurable setup. In addition, we give various other examples of the splitting phenomenon associated with $W^{*}$-dynamics. We also show that certain assumptions are necessary for the intermediate algebras to split, and ideals in the ambient tensor product algebra obstruct the splitting phenomenon. We also use the Master theorem from \cite{glasner2023intermediate} to resolve the second part of \cite[Problem~5.2]{jiangskalski} in the affirmative.

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arXiv2025

Invariant subalgebras rigidity for von Neumann algebras of groups arising as certain semidirect products

We study the ISR (von Neumann invariant subalgebra rigidity) property for certain discrete groups arising as semidirect products from algebraic actions on certain 2-torsion groups, mostly arising as direct products of $\mathbb{Z}_2$. We present, in particular, the first example of an amenable group with the ISR property that admits a non-trivial abelian normal subgroup. Several other examples are discussed, notably including an infinite amenable group whose von Neumann algebra admits precisely one invariant von Neumann subalgebra which does not come from a normal subgroup. We also investigate the form of invariant subalgebras of the group von Neumann algebra of the standard lamplighter group.

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arXiv2025

Splitting of Tensor Products and Intermediate Factor Theorem: Continuous Version

Let $G$ be a discrete group. Given unital $G$-$C^*$-algebras $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$, we give an abstract condition under which every $G$-subalgebra $\mathcal{C}$ of the form $\mathcal{A}\subset \mathcal{C}\subset \mathcal{A}\otimes_{\text{min}}\mathcal{B}$ is a tensor product. This generalizes the well-known splitting results in the context of $C^*$-algebras by Zacharias and Zsido. As an application, we prove a topological version of the Intermediate Factor theorem. When a product group $G=Γ_1\timesΓ_2$ acts (by a product action) on the product of corresponding $Γ_i$-boundaries $\partialΓ_i$, using the abstract condition, we show that every intermediate subalgebra $C(X)\subset\mathcal{C}\subset C(X)\otimes_{\text{min}}C(\partialΓ_1\times \partialΓ_2)$ is a tensor product (under some additional assumptions on $X$). This can be considered as a topological version of the Intermediate Factor theorem. We prove that our assumptions are necessary and cannot generally be relaxed. We also introduce the notion of a uniformly rigid action for $C^*$-algebras and use it to give various classes of inclusions $\mathcal{A}\subset \mathcal{A}\otimes_{\text{min}}\mathcal{B}$ for which every invariant intermediate algebra is a tensor product.

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arXiv2025

A character approach to the ISR property

We develop a character approach to study the invariant von Neumann subalgebras rigidity property (abbreviated as the ISR property) introduced in Amrutam-Jiang's work. First, we introduce the non-factorizable regular character property for groups and show that this implies the ISR property for any infinite ICC groups with trivial amenable radical.Various examples are shown to have this property. Second, we apply known classification results on indecomposable characters to show approximately finite groups have the ISR property. Based on this approach, we also construct non-amenable groups with the ISR property while having non-trivial amenable radical or without the non-factorizable regular character property.

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arXiv2024

An example of an infinite amenable group with the ISR property

Let $G$ be $S_{\mathbb{N}}$, the finitary permutation (i.e. permutations with finite support) group on positive integers $\mathbb{N}$. We prove that $G$ has the invariant von Neumann subalgebras rigidity (ISR, for short) property as introduced in Amrutam-Jiang's work. More precisely, every $G$-invariant von Neumann subalgebra $P\subseteq L(G)$ is of the form $L(H)$ for some normal sugbroup $H\lhd G$ and in this case, $H=\{e\}, A_{\mathbb{N}}$ or $G$, where $A_{\mathbb{N}}$ denotes the finitary alternating group on $\mathbb{N}$, i.e. the subgroup of all even permutations in $S_{\mathbb{N}}$. This gives the first known example of an infinite amenable group with the ISR property.

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arXiv2023

Continuous orbit equivalence rigidity for left-right wreath product actions

Drimbe and Vaes proved an orbit equivalence superrigidity theorem for left-right wreath product actions in the measurable setting. We establish the counterpart result in the topological setting for continuous orbit equivalence. This gives us minimal, topologically free actions that are continuous orbit equivalence superrigid. One main ingredient for the proof is to show continuous cocycle superrigidity for certain generalized full shifts, extending our previous result with Chung.

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arXiv2022

On invariant von Neumann subalgebras rigidity property

We say that a countable discrete group $Γ$ satisfies the invariant von Neumann subalgebras rigidity (ISR) property if every $Γ$- invariant von Neumann subalgebra $\mathcal{M}$ in $L(Γ)$ is of the form $L(Λ)$ for some normal subgroup $Λ\lhd Γ$. We show many ``negatively curved" groups, including all torsion free non-amenable hyperbolic groups and torsion free groups with positive first $L^2$-Betti number under a mild assumption, and certain finite direct product of them have this property. We also discuss whether the torsion-free assumption can be relaxed.

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arXiv2021

On continuous orbit equivalence rigidity for virtually cyclic group actions

We prove that for any two continuous minimal (topologically free) actions of the infinite dihedral group on an infinite compact Hausdorff space, they are continuously orbit equivalent only if they are conjugate. We also show the above fails if we replace the infinite dihedral group with certain other virtually cyclic groups, e.g. the direct product of the integer group with any non-abelian finite simple group.

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arXiv2020

Maximal subgroups and von Neumann subalgebras with the Haagerup property

We initiate a study of maximal subgroups and maximal von Neumann subalgebras which have the Haagerup property. We determine maximal Haagerup subgroups inside $\mathbb{Z}^2 \rtimes SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ and obtain several explicit instances where maximal Haagerup subgroups yield maximal Haagerup subalgebras. Our techniques are on one hand based on group-theoretic considerations, and on the other on certain results on intermediate von Neumann algebras, in particular these allowing us to deduce that all the intermediate algebras for certain inclusions arise from groups or from group actions. Some remarks and examples concerning maximal non-(T) subgroups and subalgebras are also presented, and we answer two questions of Ge regarding maximal von Neumann subalgebras.

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arXiv2020

Maximal Haagerup subalgebras in $L(\mathbb{Z}^2\rtimes SL_2(\mathbb{Z}))$

We prove that $L(SL_2(\textbf{k}))$ is a maximal Haagerup von Neumann subalgebra in $L(\textbf{k}^2\rtimes SL_2(\textbf{k}))$ for $\textbf{k}=\mathbb{Q}$. Then we show how to modify the proof to handle $\textbf{k}=\mathbb{Z}$. The key step for the proof is a complete description of all intermediate von Neumann subalgebras between $L(SL_2(\textbf{k}))$ and $L^{\infty}(Y)\rtimes SL_2(\textbf{k})$, where $SL_2(\textbf{k})\curvearrowright Y$ denotes the quotient of the algebraic action $SL_2(\textbf{k})\curvearrowright \widehat{\textbf{k}^2}$ by modding out the relation $ϕ\sim ϕ'$, where $ϕ$, $ϕ'\in \widehat{\textbf{k}^2}$ and $ϕ'(x, y):=ϕ(-x, -y)$ for all $(x, y)\in \textbf{k}^2$. As a by-product, we show $L(PSL_2(\mathbb{Q}))$ is a maximal von Neumann subalgebra in $L^{\infty}(Y)\rtimes PSL_2(\mathbb{Q})$; in particular, $PSL_2(\mathbb{Q})\curvearrowright Y$ is a prime action, i.e. it admits no non-trivial quotient actions.

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arXiv2020

Maximal von Neumann subalgebras arising from maximal subgroups

Ge asked the question whether $LF_{\infty}$ can be embedded into $LF_2$ as a maximal subfactor. We answer it affirmatively by three different approaches, all containing the same key ingredient: the existence of maximal subgroups with infinite index. We also show that point stabilizer subgroups for every faithful, 4-transitive action on an infinite set give rise to maximal von Neumann subalgebras. Combining this with known results on constructing faithful, highly transitive actions, we get many maximal von Neumann subalgebras arising from maximal subgroups with infinite index.

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