arXiv subjects

Yongtang Shi

Publications and source records attributed to Yongtang Shi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2017

Sharp bounds for the Randic index of graphs with given minimum and maximum degree

The Randi{\' c} index of a graph $G$, written $R(G)$, is the sum of $\frac 1{\sqrt{d(u)d(v)}}$ over all edges $uv$ in $E(G)$. %let $R(G)=\sum_{uv \in E(G)} \frac 1{\sqrt{d(u)d(v)}}$, which is called the Randi{\' c} index of it. Let $d$ and $D$ be positive integers $d < D$. In this paper, we prove that if $G$ is a graph with minimum degree $d$ and maximum degree $D$, then $R(G) \ge \frac{\sqrt{dD}}{d+D}n$; equality holds only when $G$ is an $n$-vertex $(d,D)$-biregular. Furthermore, we show that if $G$ is an $n$-vertex connected graph with minimum degree $d$ and maximum degree $D$, then $R(G) \le \frac n2- \sum_{i=d}^{D-1}\frac 12 \left( \frac 1{\sqrt{i}} - \frac 1{\sqrt{i+1}}\right)^2$; it is sharp for infinitely many $n$, and we characterize when equality holds in the bound.

math.CO↗

arXiv2016

Derivatives and real roots of graph polynomials

Graph polynomials are polynomials assigned to graphs. Interestingly, they also arise in many areas outside graph theory as well. Many properties of graph polynomials have been widely studied. In this paper, we survey some results on the derivative and real roots of graph polynomials, which have applications in chemistry, control theory and computer science. Related to the derivatives of graph polynomials, polynomial reconstruction of the matching polynomial is also introduced.

math.CO↗

arXiv2014

An extension of Mantel's theorem to random 4-uniform hypergraphs

A sparse version of Mantel's Theorem is that, for sufficiently large $p$, with high probability (w.h.p.), every maximum triangle-free subgraph of $G(n,p)$ is bipartite. DeMarco and Kahn proved this for $p>K \sqrt{\log n/n}$ for some constant $K$, and apart from the value of the constant, this bound is the best possible. Denote by $T_3$ the 3-uniform hypergraph with vertex set $\{a,b,c,d,e\}$ and edge set $\{abc,ade,bde\}$. Frankl and Füredi showed that the maximum 3-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices containing no copy of $T_3$ is tripartite for $n> 3000$. For some integer $k$, let $G^k(n,p)$ be the random $k$-uniform hypergraph. Balogh et al. proved that for $p>K \log n/n$ for some constant $K$, every maximum $T_3$-free subhypergraph of $G^3(n,p)$ w.h.p. is tripartite and it does not hold when $p=0.1 \sqrt{\log n}/n$. Denote by $T_4$ the 4-uniform hypergraph with vertex set $\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7\}$ and edge set $\{1234,1235,4567\}$. Pikhurko proved that there is an $n_0$ such that for all $n\ge n_0$, the maximum 4-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices containing no copy of $T_4$ is 4-partite. In this paper, we extend this type of extremal problem in random 4-uniform hypergraphs. We show that for some constant $K$ and $p>K \log n/n$, w.h.p. every maximum $T_4$-free subhypergraph of $G^4(n,p)$ is 4-partite.

math.CO↗

arXiv2014

The Maximal Matching Energy of Tricyclic Graphs

Gutman and Wagner proposed the concept of the matching energy (ME) and pointed out that the chemical applications of ME go back to the 1970s. Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$ and $μ_1,μ_2,\ldots,μ_n$ be the roots of its matching polynomial. The matching energy of $G$ is defined to be the sum of the absolute values of $μ_{i}\ (i=1,2,\ldots,n)$. Gutman and Cvetkoić determined the tricyclic graphs on $n$ vertices with maximal number of matchings by a computer search for small values of $n$ and by an induction argument for the rest. Based on this result, in this paper, we characterize the graphs with the maximal value of matching energy among all tricyclic graphs, and completely determine the tricyclic graphs with the maximal matching energy. We prove our result by using Coulson-type integral formula of matching energy, which is similar as the method to comparing the energies of two quasi-order incomparable graphs.

math.CO↗

arXiv2014

Matching Energy of Unicyclic and Bicyclic Graphs with a Given Diameter

Gutman and Wagner proposed the concept of matching energy (ME) and pointed out that the chemical applications of ME go back to the 1970s. Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$ and $μ_1,μ_2,\ldots,μ_n$ be the roots of its matching polynomial. The matching energy of $G$ is defined to be the sum of the absolute values of $μ_{i}\ (i=1,2,\ldots,n)$. In this paper, we characterize the graphs with minimal matching energy among all unicyclic and bicyclic graphs with a given diameter $d$.

math.CO↗

arXiv2014

Polynomial reconstruction of the matching polynomial

The matching polynomial of a graph is the generating function of the numbers of its matchings with respect to their cardinality. A graph polynomial is polynomial reconstructible, if its value for a graph can be determined from its values for the vertex-deleted subgraphs of the same graph. This note discusses the polynomial reconstructibility of the matching polynomial. We collect previous results, prove it for graphs with pendant edges and disprove it for some graphs.

math.CO↗

arXiv2014

On a conjecture about tricyclic graphs with maximal energy

For a given simple graph $G$, the energy of $G$, denoted by $\mathcal {E}(G)$, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix, which was defined by I. Gutman. The problem on determining the maximal energy tends to be complicated for a given class of graphs. There are many approaches on the maximal energy of trees, unicyclic graphs and bicyclic graphs, respectively. Let $P^{6,6,6}_n$ denote the graph with $n\geq 20$ vertices obtained from three copies of $C_6$ and a path $P_{n-18}$ by adding a single edge between each of two copies of $C_6$ to one endpoint of the path and a single edge from the third $C_6$ to the other endpoint of the $P_{n-18}$. Very recently, Aouchiche et al. [M. Aouchiche, G. Caporossi, P. Hansen, Open problems on graph eigenvalues studied with AutoGraphiX, {\it Europ. J. Comput. Optim.} {\bf 1}(2013), 181--199] put forward the following conjecture: Let $G$ be a tricyclic graphs on $n$ vertices with $n=20$ or $n\geq22$, then $\mathcal{E}(G)\leq \mathcal{E}(P_{n}^{6,6,6})$ with equality if and only if $G\cong P_{n}^{6,6,6}$. Let $G(n;a,b,k)$ denote the set of all connected bipartite tricyclic graphs on $n$ vertices with three vertex-disjoint cycles $C_{a}$, $C_{b}$ and $C_{k}$, where $n\geq 20$. In this paper, we try to prove that the conjecture is true for graphs in the class $G\in G(n;a,b,k)$, but as a consequence we can only show that this is true for most of the graphs in the class except for 9 families of such graphs.

math.CO↗

arXiv2013

A Turán-type problem on distance two

A new turán-type problem on distances on graphs was introduced by Tyomkyn and Uzzell. In this paper, we focus on the case that the distance is two. We primely show that for any value of $n$, a graph on $n$ vertices without three vertices pairwise at distance $2$, if it has a vertex $v \in V(G)$, whose neighbours are covered by at most two cliques, then it has at most $(n^2 - 1)/4 + 1$ pairs of vertices at distance $2$. This partially answers a guess of Tyomkyn and Uzzell [Tyomkyn, M., Uzzell, A.J.: A new Turán-Type promble on distaces of graphs. Graphs Combin. {\bf 29}(6), 1927--1942 (2012)].

math.CO↗

arXiv2013

Some Motzkin-Straus type results for non-uniform hypergraphs

A remarkable connection between the order of a maximum clique and the Lagrangian of a graph was established by Motzkin and Straus in 1965. This connection and its extensions were applied in Turán problems of graphs and uniform hypergraphs. Very recently, the study of Turán densities of non-uniform hypergraphs has been motivated by extremal poset problems. In this paper, we give some Motzkin-Straus type results for non-uniform hypergraphs.

math.CO↗

arXiv2013

Hypergraph Turán numbers of vertex disjoint cycles

The Turán number of a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$, denoted by $e{x_k}\left({n;H} \right)$, is the maximum number of edges in any $k$-uniform hypergraph $F$ on $n$ vertices which does not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Let $\mathcal{C}_{\ell}^{\left(k \right)}$ denote the family of all $k$-uniform minimal cycles of length $\ell$, $\mathcal{S}(\ell_1,\ldots,\ell_r)$ denote the family of hypergraphs consisting of unions of $r$ vertex disjoint minimal cycles of length $\ell_1,\ldots,\ell_r$, respectively, and $\mathbb{C}_{\ell}^{\left(k \right)}$ denote a $k$-uniform linear cycle of length $\ell$. We determine precisely $e{x_k}\left({n;\mathcal{S}(\ell_1,\ldots,\ell_r)} \right)$ and $e{x_k}\left({n;\mathbb{C}_{\ell_1}^{\left(k \right)}, \ldots, \mathbb{C}_{\ell_r}^{\left(k \right)}} \right)$ for sufficiently large $n$. The results extend recent results of Füredi and Jiang who determined the Turán numbers for single $k$-uniform minimal cycles and linear cycles.

math.CO↗

arXiv2013

The asymptotic number of different rooted trees of a tree

Let $\mathcal{T}_n$ be the set of trees with $n$ vertices. Suppose that each tree in $\mathcal{T}_n$ is equally likely. We show that the number of different rooted trees of a tree equals $(μ_r+o(1))n$ for almost every tree of $\mathcal{T}_n$, where $μ_r$ is a constant. As an application, we show that the number of any given pattern in $\mathcal{T}_n$ is also asymptotically normally distributed with mean $\sim μ_M n$ and variance $\sim σ_M n$, where $μ_M, σ_M$ are some constants related to the given pattern. This solves an open question claimed in Kok's thesis.

math.CO↗

arXiv2013

Degree powers in $C_5$-free graphs

Let $G$ be a graph with degree sequence $d_1,d_2,\ldots,d_n$. Given a positive integer $p$, denote by $e_p(G)=\sum_{i=1}^n d_i^p$. Caro and Yuster introduced a Turán-type problem for $e_p(G)$: given an integer $p$, how large can $e_p(G)$ be if $G$ has no subgraph of a particular type. They got some results for the subgraph of particular type to be a clique of order $r+1$ and a cycle of even length, respectively. Denote by $ex_p(n,H)$ the maximum value of $e_p(G)$ taken over all graphs with $n$ vertices that do not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Clearly, $ex_1(n,H)=2ex(n,H)$, where $ex(n,H)$ denotes the classical Turán number. In this paper, we consider $ex_p(n, C_5)$ and prove that for any positive integer $p$ and sufficiently large $n$, there exists a constant $c=c(p)$ such that the following holds: if $ex_p(n, C_5)=e_p(G)$ for some $C_5$-free graph $G$ of order $n$, then $G$ is a complete bipartite graph having one vertex class of size $cn+o(n)$ and the other $(1-c)n+o(n)$.

math.CO↗

arXiv2013

The generalized 3-connectivity of random graphs

The generalized connectivity of a graph $G$ was introduced by Chartrand et al. Let $S$ be a nonempty set of vertices of $G$, and $κ(S)$ be defined as the largest number of internally disjoint trees $T_1, T_2, \cdots, T_k$ connecting $S$ in $G$. Then for an integer $r$ with $2 \leq r \leq n$, the {\it generalized $r$-connectivity} $κ_r(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum $κ(S)$ where $S$ runs over all the $r$-subsets of the vertex set of $G$. Obviously, $κ_2(G)=κ(G)$, is the vertex connectivity of $G$, and hence the generalized connectivity is a natural generalization of the vertex connectivity. Similarly, let $λ(S)$ denote the largest number $k$ of pairwise edge-disjoint trees $T_1, T_2, \ldots, T_k$ connecting $S$ in $G$. Then the {\it generalized $r$-edge-connectivity} $λ_r(G)$ of $G$ is defined as the minimum $λ(S)$ where $S$ runs over all the $r$-subsets of the vertex set of $G$. Obviously, $λ_2(G) = λ(G)$. In this paper, we study the generalized 3-connectivity of random graphs and prove that for every fixed integer $k\geq 1$, $$p=\frac{\log n+(k+1)\log \log n -\log \log \log n}{n}$$ is a sharp threshold function for the property $κ_3(G(n, p)) \geq k$, which could be seen as a counterpart of Bollobás and Thomason's result for vertex connectivity. Moreover, we obtain that $δ(G(n,p)) - 1 = λ(G(n,p)) - 1 = κ(G(n,p)) - 1 \le {κ_3}(G(n,p)) \le {λ_3}(G(n,p)) \le κ(G(n,p)) = λ(G(n,p)) = δ(G(n,p))$ almost surely holds, which could be seen as a counterpart of Ivchenko's result.

math.CO↗

arXiv2013

A Turán-type problem on degree sequence

Given $p\geq 0$ and a graph $G$ whose degree sequence is $d_1,d_2,\ldots,d_n$, let $e_p(G)=\sum_{i=1}^n d_i^p$. Caro and Yuster introduced a Turán-type problem for $e_p(G)$: given $p\geq 0$, how large can $e_p(G)$ be if $G$ has no subgraph of a particular type. Denote by $ex_p(n,H)$ the maximum value of $e_p(G)$ taken over all graphs with $n$ vertices that do not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Clearly, $ex_1(n,H)=2ex(n,H)$, where $ex(n,H)$ denotes the classical Turán number, i.e., the maximum number of edges among all $H$-free graphs with $n$ vertices. Pikhurko and Taraz generalize this Turán-type problem: let $f$ be a non-negative increasing real function and $e_f(G)=\sum_{i=1}^n f(d_i)$, and then define $ex_f(n,H)$ as the maximum value of $e_f(G)$ taken over all graphs with $n$ vertices that do not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Observe that $ex_f(n,H)=ex(n,H)$ if $f(x)=x/2$, $ex_f(n,H)=ex_p(n,H)$ if $f(x)=x^p$. Bollobás and Nikiforov mentioned that it is important to study concrete functions. They gave an example $f(x)=ϕ(k)={x\choose k}$, since $\sum_{i=1}^n{d_i\choose k}$ counts the $(k+1)$-vertex subgraphs of $G$ with a dominating vertex. Denote by $T_r(n)$ the $r$-partite Turán graph of order $n$. In this paper, using the Bollobás--Nikiforov's methods, we give some results on $ex_ϕ(n,K_{r+1})$ $(r\geq 2)$ as follows: for $k=1,2$, $ex_ϕ(n,K_{r+1})=e_ϕ(T_r(n))$; for each $k$, there exists a constant $c=c(k)$ such that for every $r\geq c(k)$ and sufficiently large $n$, $ex_ϕ(n,K_{r+1})=e_ϕ(T_r(n))$; for a fixed $(r+1)$-chromatic graph $H$ and every $k$, when $n$ is sufficiently large, we have $ex_ϕ(n,H)=e_ϕ(n,K_{r+1})+o(n^{k+1})$.

math.CO↗

arXiv2012

The strong rainbow vertex-connection of graphs

A vertex-colored graph $G$ is said to be rainbow vertex-connected if every two vertices of $G$ are connected by a path whose internal vertices have distinct colors, such a path is called a rainbow path. The rainbow vertex-connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted by $rvc(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make $G$ rainbow vertex-connected. If for every pair $u, v$ of distinct vertices, $G$ contains a rainbow $u-v$ geodesic, then $G$ is strong rainbow vertex-connected. The minimum number $k$ for which there exists a $k$-vertex-coloring of $G$ that results in a strongly rainbow vertex-connected graph is called the strong rainbow vertex-connection number of $G$, denoted by $srvc(G)$. Observe that $rvc(G)\leq srvc(G)$ for any nontrivial connected graph $G$. In this paper, sharp upper and lower bounds of $srvc(G)$ are given for a connected graph $G$ of order $n$, that is, $0\leq srvc(G)\leq n-2$. Graphs of order $n$ such that $srvc(G)= 1, 2, n-2$ are characterized, respectively. It is also shown that, for each pair $a, b$ of integers with $a\geq 5$ and $b\geq (7a-8)/5$, there exists a connected graph $G$ such that $rvc(G)=a$ and $srvc(G)=b$.

math.CO↗

arXiv2011

Rainbow connections for planar graphs and line graphs

An edge-colored graph $G$ is rainbow connected if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The rainbow connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted by $rc(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make $G$ rainbow connected. It was proved that computing $rc(G)$ is an NP-Hard problem, as well as that even deciding whether a graph has $rc(G)=2$ is NP-Complete. It is known that deciding whether a given edge-colored graph is rainbow connected is NP-Complete. We will prove that it is still NP-Complete even when the edge-colored graph is a planar bipartite graph. We also give upper bounds of the rainbow connection number of outerplanar graphs with small diameters. A vertex-colored graph is rainbow vertex-connected if any two vertices are connected by a path whose internal vertices have distinct colors. The rainbow vertex-connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted by $rvc(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make $G$ rainbow vertex-connected. It is known that deciding whether a given vertex-colored graph is rainbow vertex-connected is NP-Complete. We will prove that it is still NP-Complete even when the vertex-colored graph is a line graph.

cs.CC↗

arXiv2011

Note on the minimal size of a graph with generalized connectivity kappa_3= 2

The concept of generalized $k$-connectivity $κ_{k}(G)$ of a graph $G$ was introduced by Chartrand et al. in recent years. In our early paper, extremal theory for this graph parameter was started. We determined the minimal number of edges of a graph of order $n$ with $κ_{3}= 2$, i.e., for a graph $G$ of order $n$ and size $e(G)$ with $κ_{3}(G)= 2$, we proved that $e(G)\geq (6/5)n$, and the lower bound is sharp by constructing a class of graphs, only for $n\equiv 0 \ (mod \ 5)$ and $n\neq 10$. In this paper, we improve the lower bound to $\lceil(6/5)n\rceil$. Moreover, we show that for all $n\geq 4$ but $n= 9, 10$, there always exists a graph of order $n$ with $κ_{3}= 2$ whose size attains the lower bound $\lceil(6/5)n\rceil$. Whereas for $n= 9, 10$ we give examples to show that $\lceil(6/5)n\rceil+1$ is the best possible lower bound. This gives a clear picture on the minimal size of a graph of order $n$ with generalized connectivity $κ_{3}= 2$.

math.CO↗

arXiv2011

The minimal size of a graph with generalized connectivity $κ_3 = 2$

Let $G$ be a nontrivial connected graph of order $n$ and $k$ an integer with $2\leq k\leq n$. For a set $S$ of $k$ vertices of $G$, let $κ(S)$ denote the maximum number $\ell$ of edge-disjoint trees $T_1,T_2,...,T_\ell$ in $G$ such that $V(T_i)\cap V(T_j)=S$ for every pair $i,j$ of distinct integers with $1\leq i,j\leq \ell$. Chartrand et al. generalized the concept of connectivity as follows: The $k$-$connectivity$, denoted by $κ_k(G)$, of $G$ is defined by $κ_k(G)=$min$\{κ(S)\}$, where the minimum is taken over all $k$-subsets $S$ of $V(G)$. Thus $κ_2(G)=κ(G)$, where $κ(G)$ is the connectivity of $G$. This paper mainly focuses on the minimal number of edges of a graph $G$ with $κ_{3}(G)= 2$. For a graph $G$ of order $v(G)$ and size $e(G)$ with $κ_{3}(G)= 2$, we obtain that $e(G)\geq 6/5v(G)$, and the lower bound is sharp by showing a class of examples attaining the lower bound.

math.CO↗