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Yoonhak Nam

Publications and source records attributed to Yoonhak Nam.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

Impact of hyperon mixing on neutron star structure based on Skyrme-type equations of state: Systematic analysis of $\Lambda NN$ and $\Lambda\Lambda N$ three-body forces with Bayesisan inference

We study hyperonic density-dependent three-body effects in cold neutron-star matter using a Skyrme energy-density-functional framework. In beta-equilibrated $npe\mu\Lambda$ matter, the effective $\Lambda NN$ and $\Lambda\Lambda N$ terms are varied separately in the $(\beta,A_3)$ and $(\gamma,C_3)$ planes, and each tabulated equation of state is used in Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff calculations. The calculated $P$--$\varepsilon$ branches are classified by monotonicity and extremum structure. The $\Lambda\Lambda N$ term does not affect the $\Lambda$-onset condition, but modifies the finite-$\Lambda$ post-onset EOS: increasing $C_3$ generally stiffens the post-onset branch and raises $M_{\max}$ in mechanically admissible regions, whereas increasing $\gamma$ reduces this enhancement at fixed $C_3$. In contrast, the $\Lambda NN$ term shifts the $\Lambda$-onset density and modifies the post-onset EOS simultaneously, producing organized branch-limited and Maxwell-candidate regions for some reference interactions. Representative two-extrema cases are examined with Maxwell constructions. We also perform an exploratory Bayesian analysis using neutron-star mass--radius information alone and apply XGBoost--SHAP surrogate diagnostics to summarize parameter sensitivities. Within the adopted likelihood and prior ranges, the posterior weight tends to favor sizable hyperonic three-body repulsion, and the SHAP analysis identifies $A_3$ and $C_3$ as important controls of $M_\text{max}$ and $R_{2.0}$. These results show that maximum-mass recovery in hyperonic neutron stars is not a single mechanism: $M_\text{max}$ maps must be interpreted together with onset behavior, branch admissibility, and extremum-count diagnostics. *shortened due to the arXiv's word limit.

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Data-driven exploration of the neutron $^3\text{P}_2$ pairing gap using Cassiopeia A neutron star observational data: Direct $χ^2$ minimization

The rapid cooling observed in the Cassiopeia~A neutron star (Cas~A NS) is one of the most stringent tests for neutron-star cooling theory. While Cooper-pair breaking and formation (PBF) neutrino emission is a leading candidate, uncertainties remain regarding the PBF efficiency factor $q$ and the neutron ${}^{3}\mathrm{P}_{2}$ pairing gap. This work explores in a data-driven manner how the optimized gap shape responds to variations of the PBF emissivity parameter $q$ within a fixed cooling setup. We introduce a novel gap parametrization, in which each parameter carries direct physical meaning and controls the gap amplitude, peak location, width, and asymmetry. Using a Fortran-based cooling code and the BSk24 equation of state, we perform parameter-space exploration guided by the Cas~A NS data. Global optimization is carried out with Optuna's tree-structured Parzen estimator, followed by local refinement using the Nelder--Mead method. The optimized solutions yield physically reasonable gaps with peak amplitudes $Δ_{\max}\approx0.5$--$0.6~\mathrm{MeV}$. Although the multi-objective formulation explores the parameter space more broadly, the single-objective $χ^{2}$-only optimization achieves the lowest $χ^{2}$. For $M_{\mathrm{NS}}=1.4\,M_{\odot}$, increasing $q$ drives the optimized gap and critical-temperature profiles toward smoother and more localized shapes, improving consistency with the observed trend. Models with $q\gtrsim0.4$ reproduce the decline rate within the $1σ$ confidence interval, whereas the baseline case $q\simeq0.19$ lies near the $3σ$ level. Our results suggest larger effective PBF emissivities than the baseline estimate, although robust constraints on $q$ require future Bayesian inference including uncertainties in mass, envelope composition, equation of state, pairing microphysics, and age offset. (Shortened due to the arXiv abstract length limit.)

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Vortex creep heating in neutron star cooling with direct Urca processes in heavy neutron stars

Old, thermally bright neutron stars imply internal heating at late times. Among candidate mechanisms, vortex creep heating (VCH) provides a robust link between spin-down and frictional dissipation in the pinned inner-crust superfluid, yet its interplay with fast DUrca cooling in massive stars remains insufficiently explored. We (i) implement VCH in our cooling code and validate it; (ii) identify the physically consistent domain where the steady-state form $L_{\text{h}}=J|\dotΩ_\infty|$ applies; (iii) quantify how $(B,P_0)$ regulate observable VCH signatures under DUrca cooling; and (iv) introduce a 3D representation that resolves degeneracies hidden in standard 2D projections. Cooling is computed with BSk24 and APR EoS, standard pairing gaps, and iron/carbon envelopes. VCH is modeled with $J\simeq10^{42.9\text{--}43.8}$ erg s, and a quantum-creep coverage fraction $f_{\text{Q}}(t)$ diagnoses when steady-state heating is valid. We survey $B=10^{10\text{--}13}$ G and $P_0=10$--$570$ ms for $1.4$ and $2.0\,M_\odot$, and compare with a curated set of ordinary pulsars with measured $(P,\dot P)$. Results: (1) Our implementation reproduces published VCH bands. (2) The $(B,P_0)$ validity boundary follows magnetic-dipole spin-down, confirming consistency with $|\dotΩ|$. (3) DUrca+VCH maintains $T_{\text{s}}^\infty\gtrsim10^5$ K for $B\gtrsim10^{11-12}$ G up to $P_0\sim10^2$ ms. (4) The 3D representation shows that sources appearing coincident in $(t,T_{\text{s}}^\infty)$ occupy distinct $B$-layers, removing degeneracies. VCH can substantially reshape late-time thermal states when spin-down power remains high; its observability depends chiefly on $(B,P_0)$ rather than on mass alone. We provide a practical $(B,P_0)$ validity map for $L_{\text{h}}=J|\dotΩ_\infty|$ and advocate treating $B$ as a co-equal axis in cooling analyses. (Shortened due to the arXiv words limit.)

astro-ph.HE

Vortex Creep Heating in Neutron Star Cooling: New Insights into Thermal Evolution of Heavy Neutron Stars

Neutron stars provide unique laboratories for probing physics of dense nuclear matter under extreme conditions. Their thermal and luminosity evolution reflects key internal properties such as the equation of state (EoS), nucleon superfluidity and superconductivity, envelope composition, and magnetic field, and so on. Recent observations [\textit{e.g.}, V. Abramkin \textit{et al.,} ApJ \textbf{924}, 128 (2022)] have revealed unexpectedly warm old neutron stars, which cannot be explained by standard neutrino-photon cooling models. The failure of the standard cooling models implies the presence of additional internal heating mechanism. Building on the previous study [M. Fujiwara \textit{et al}., JCAP \textbf{03}, 051 (2024)], which proposed vortex creep heating (VCH) from the frictional motion of superfluid vortices as a viable mechanism, we extend the cooling framework to include both VCH and direct Urca (DUrca) processes. These are implemented in our code to explore their combined impact, particularly for massive neutron stars where DUrca operates. By varying rotational parameters ($P$, $\dot{P}$, $P_0$), EoS models (APR, BSk24), pairing gaps, and envelope compositions, we examine how heating-cooling interplay shapes the temperature evolution. Our results show that VCH can substantially mitigate the rapid cooling driven by DUrca, offering new evolutionary pathways for massive neutron stars.

astro-ph.HE