arXiv subjects

Yoshiki Matsuoka

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshiki Matsuoka.

120 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

arXiv2016

Subaru high-z exploration of low-luminosity quasars (SHELLQs). I. Discovery of 15 quasars and bright galaxies at 5.7 < z < 6.9

We report the discovery of 15 quasars and bright galaxies at 5.7 < z < 6.9. This is the initial result from the Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs) project, which exploits the exquisite multiband imaging data produced by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Strategic Program survey. The candidate selection is performed by combining several photometric approaches including a Bayesian probabilistic algorithm to reject stars and dwarfs. The spectroscopic identification was carried out with the Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Subaru Telescope for the first 80 deg2 of the survey footprint. The success rate of our photometric selection is quite high, approaching 100 % at the brighter magnitudes (zAB < 23.5 mag). Our selection also recovered all the known high-z quasars on the HSC images. Among the 15 discovered objects, six are likely quasars, while the other six with interstellar absorption lines and in some cases narrow emission lines are likely bright Lyman-break galaxies. The remaining three objects have weak continua and very strong and narrow Ly alpha lines, which may be excited by ultraviolet light from both young stars and quasars. These results indicate that we are starting to see the steep rise of the luminosity function of z > 6 galaxies, compared with that of quasars, at magnitudes fainter than M1450 ~ -22 mag or zAB ~24 mag. Follow-up studies of the discovered objects as well as further survey observations are ongoing.

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arXiv2016

A lack of classical Cepheids in the inner part of the Galactic disk

Recent large-scale infrared surveys have been revealing stellar populations in the inner Galaxy seen through strong interstellar extinction in the disk. In particular, classical Cepheids with their period-luminosity and period-age relations are useful tracers of Galactic structure and evolution. Interesting groups of Cepheids reported recently include four Cepheids in the Nuclear Stellar Disk (NSD), about 200 pc around the Galactic Centre, found by Matsunaga et al. and those spread across the inner part of the disk reported by Dekany and collaborators. We here report our discovery of nearly thirty classical Cepheids towards the bulge region, some of which are common with Dekany et al., and discuss the large impact of the reddening correction on distance estimates for these objects. Assuming that the four Cepheids in the NSD are located at the distance of the Galactic Centre and that the near-infrared extinction law, i.e. wavelength dependency of the interstellar extinction, is not systematically different between the NSD and other bulge lines-of-sight, most of the other Cepheids presented here are located significantly further than the Galactic Centre. This suggests a lack of Cepheids in the inner 2.5 kpc region of the Galactic disk except the NSD. Recent radio observations show a similar distribution of star-forming regions.

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arXiv2016

Theoretical reevaluations of the black hole mass - bulge mass relation - I. Effect of the seed black hole mass

We explore the effect of varying the mass of the seed black hole on the resulting black hole mass - bulge mass relation at z ~ 0, using a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation combined with large cosmological N-body simulations. We constrain our model by requiring the observed properties of galaxies at z ~ 0 are reproduced. In keeping with previous semi-analytic models, we place a seed black hole immediately after a galaxy forms. When the mass of the seed is set at 10^5 M_sun, we find that the model results become inconsistent with recent observational results of the black hole mass - bulge mass relation for dwarf galaxies. In particular, the model predicts that bulges with ~ 10^9 M_sun harbour larger black holes than observed. On the other hand, when we employ seed black holes with 10^3 M_sun, or randomly select their mass within a 10^(3-5) M_sun range, the resulting relation is consistent with observation estimates, including the observed dispersion. We find that to obtain stronger constraints on the mass of seed black holes, observations of less massive bulges at z ~ 0 are a more powerful comparison than the relations at higher redshifts.

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arXiv2015

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Post-Starburst Signatures in Quasar Host Galaxies at z < 1

Quasar host galaxies are key for understanding the relation between galaxies and the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at their centers. We present a study of 191 broad-line quasars and their host galaxies at z < 1, using high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) spectra produced by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping project. Clear detection of stellar absorption lines allows a reliable decomposition of the observed spectra into nuclear and host components, using spectral models of quasar and stellar radiations as well as emission lines from the interstellar medium. We estimate age, mass (M*), and velocity dispersion (sigma*) of the host stars, the star formation rate (SFR), quasar luminosity, and SMBH mass (Mbh), for each object. The quasars are preferentially hosted by massive galaxies with M* ~ 10^{11} Msun characterized by stellar ages around a billion years, which coincides with the transition phase of normal galaxies from the blue cloud to the red sequence. The host galaxies have relatively low SFRs and fall below the main sequence of star-forming galaxies at similar redshifts. These facts suggest that the hosts have experienced an episode of major star formation sometime in the past billion years, which was subsequently quenched or suppressed. The derived Mbh - sigma* and Mbh - M* relations agree with our past measurements and are consistent with no evolution from the local Universe. The present analysis demonstrates that reliable measurements of stellar properties of quasar host galaxies are possible with high-SNR fiber spectra, which will be acquired in large numbers with future powerful instruments such as the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph.

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arXiv2015

Hyper-luminous Dust Obscured Galaxies discovered by the Hyper Suprime-Cam on Subaru and WISE

We present the photometric properties of a sample of infrared (IR) bright dust obscured galaxies (DOGs). Combining wide and deep optical images obtained with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru Telescope and all-sky mid-IR (MIR) images taken with Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), we discovered 48 DOGs with $i - K_\mathrm{s} > 1.2$ and $i - [22] > 7.0$, where $i$, $K_\mathrm{s}$, and [22] represent AB magnitude in the $i$-band, $K_\mathrm{s}$-band, and 22 $μ$m, respectively, in the GAMA 14hr field ($\sim$ 9 deg$^2$). Among these objects, 31 ($\sim$ 65 %) show power-law spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in the near-IR (NIR) and MIR regime, while the remainder show a NIR bump in their SEDs. Assuming that the redshift distribution for our DOGs sample is Gaussian, with mean and sigma $z$ = 1.99 $\pm$ 0.45, we calculated their total IR luminosity using an empirical relation between 22 $μ$m luminosity and total IR luminosity. The average value of the total IR luminosity is (3.5 $\pm$ 1.1) $\times$ $10^{13}$ L$_{\odot}$, which classifies them as hyper-luminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs). We also derived the total IR luminosity function (LF) and IR luminosity density (LD) for a flux-limited subsample of 18 DOGs with 22 $μ$m flux greater than 3.0 mJy and with $i$-band magnitude brighter than 24 AB magnitude. The derived space density for this subsample is log $ϕ$ = -6.59 $\pm$ 0.11 [Mpc$^{-3}$]. The IR LF for DOGs including data obtained from the literature is well fitted by a double-power law. The derived lower limit for the IR LD for our sample is $ρ_{\mathrm{IR}}$ $\sim$ 3.8 $\times$ 10$^7$ [L$_{\odot}$ Mpc$^{-3}$] and its contributions to the total IR LD, IR LD of all ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), and that of all DOGs are $>$ 3 %, $>$ 9 %, and $>$ 15 %, respectively.

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arXiv2013

Massive Star-Forming Host Galaxies of Quasars on Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82

The stellar properties of about 800 galaxies hosting optically luminous, unobscured quasars at z < 0.6 are analyzed. Deep co-added Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images of the quasars on Stripe 82 are decomposed into nucleus and host galaxy using point spread function and Sersic models. The systematic errors in the measured galaxy absolute magnitudes and colors are estimated to be less than 0.5 mag and 0.1 mag, respectively, with simulated quasar images. The effect of quasar light scattered by the interstellar medium is also carefully addressed. The measured quasar-to-galaxy ratio in total flux decreases toward longer wavelengths, from ~8 in the u band to ~1 in the i and z bands. We find that the SDSS quasars are hosted exclusively by massive galaxies (stellar mass Mstar > 10^{10} Msun), which is consistent with previous results for less luminous narrow-line (obscured) active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The quasar hosts are very blue and almost absent on the red sequence, showing stark contrast to the color-magnitude distribution of normal galaxies. The fact that more powerful AGNs reside in galaxies with higher star-formation efficiency may indicate that negative AGN feedback, if it exists, is not concurrent with the most luminous phase of AGNs. We also find positive correlation between the mass of supermassive black holes (SMBHs; Mbh) and host stellar mass, but the Mbh - Mstar relation is offset toward large Mbh or small Mstar compared to the local relation. While this could indicate that SMBHs grow earlier than do their host galaxies, such an argument is not conclusive, as the effect may be dominated by observational biases.

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arXiv2012

AGN environments: is the viewing angle sufficient to explain the difference between broad-line and narrow-line AGN? -- A low-redshift study of close AGN neighbours. Paper I

The unification of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a model that has been difficult to test due to the lack of knowledge on the intrinsic luminosities of the objects. We present a test were we probe the model by statistical investigation of the neighbours to AGN at redshifts 0.03 < z < 0.2 within a projected distance of 350 kpc and |Δz|<0.001, 0.006, 0.012 and 0.03 between AGN and neighbour. 1658 Type-1 (broad-line) AGN-galaxy pairs and 5698 Type-2 AGN-galaxy pairs with spectroscopic redshifts from the Data Release 7 of Sloan Digital Sky Survey were used together with a complementary set of pairs with photometric redshifts on the neighbour galaxies (13519 Type-1 AGN-galaxy and 58743 Type-2 AGN-galaxy pairs). Morphologies for the AGN host galaxies were derived from the Galaxy Zoo project. Our results suggest that broad-line AGN and narrow-line AGN reside in widely different environments where the neighbours to Type-2 AGN are more star-forming and bluer than those of Type-1 AGN. There is a colour-dependency only detectable in the neighbours with photometric redshifts for the Type-2 AGN. We see that the ratio between Type-1/Type-2 neighbours to Type-2 AGN decreases steadily at short separations with a statistical significance of 4.5 sigma. The lack of change in the morphology of the Type-2 AGN hosts having a close companion (contrary to the case of Type-1 AGN hosts) suggests that the innate state of Type-2 AGN is extremely short-lived and is not preserved in subsequent mergers. Finally, we perform a hypothetical luminosity test to investigate whether a mass bias in our selection could explain the observed differences in our samples. Our conclusion is that AGN unification is consistently not supported by the environment of the two types of AGN, but that an evolutionary connection between them might exist.

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arXiv2012

Polarization and Variation of Near-IR Light from Fermi/LAT gamma-ray Sources

We present the results of our follow-up observation program of gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. 26 blazars and 39 sources unidentified at other wavelengths were targeted at IRSF 1.4 m telescope equipped with the SIRIUS/SIRPOL imager and polarimeter. H-band magnitudes of the blazars at the epoch of 2010 Dec -- 2011 Feb are presented, which reveal clear flux variation since the Two Micron All Sky Survey observations and can be useful data for variation analyses of these objects in longer periods. We also find that nearly half of the gamma-ray blazars are highly (>10 %) polarized in near-infrared wavelengths. Combining the polarization and variation properties, most (~90 %) of the blazars are clearly distinguished from all other types of objects at high Galactic latitudes. On the other hand, we find only one highly polarized and/or variable object in the fields of unidentified sources. This object is a counterpart of the optical variable source PQV1 J131553.00-073302.0 and the radio source NVSS J131552-073301, and is a promising candidate of new gamma-ray blazars. From the measured polarization and variation statistics, we conclude that most of the Fermi/LAT unidentified sources are not likely similar types of objects to the known gamma-ray blazars.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2012

Co-evolution of Galaxies and Central Black Holes: Observational Evidence on the Trigger of AGN Feedback

A comprehensive analysis of extended emission line region (EELR) around quasars is presented. New Subaru/Suprime-Cam observation is combined with literature search, resulting in a compilation of 81 EELR measurements for type-1 and type-2 quasars with associated active galactic nucleus (AGN) and host galaxy properties. It is found that EELR phenomenon shows clear correlation with Eddington ratio, which links EELR to the constituents of the principal component 1 (PC 1), or eigenvector 1, of the AGN emission correlations. We also find that EELR is preferentially associated with gas-rich, massive blue galaxies. It supports the idea that the primary determinant of EELR creation is the gas availability and that the gas may be brought in by galaxy merger triggering the current star formation as well as AGN activity, and also gives an explanation for the fact that most luminous EELR is found around radio-loud sources with low Eddington ratio. By combining all the observations, it is suggested that EELR quasars occupy the massive blue corner of the green valley, the AGN realm, on the galaxy color - stellar mass diagram. Once a galaxy is pushed to this corner, activated AGN would create EELR by the energy injection into the interstellar gas and eventually blow it away, leading to star-formation quenching. The results presented here provide a piece of evidence for the presence of such AGN feedback process, which may be playing a leading role in the co-evolution of galaxies and central super-massive black holes.

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arXiv2009

Ultraviolet Fe II emission in z ~ 2 quasars

We present spectra of six luminous quasars at z ~ 2, covering rest wavelengths 1600-3200 A. The fluxes of the UV Fe II emission lines and Mg II 2798 doublet, the line widths of Mg II, and the 3000 A luminosity were obtained from the spectra. These quantities were compared with those of low-redshift quasars at z = 0.06 - 0.55 studied by Tsuzuki et al. In a plot of the Fe II(UV)/Mg II flux ratio as a function of the cental black hole mass, Fe II(UV)/Mg II in our z ~ 2 quasars is systematically greater than in the low-redshift quasars. We confermed that luminosity is not responsible for this excess. It is unclear whether this excess is caused by rich Fe abundance at z ~ 2 over low-redshift or by non-abundance effects such as high gas density, strong radiation field, and high microturbulent velocity.

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arXiv2006

Fe II Emission in 14 Low-Redshift Quasars: I - Observations

We present the spectra of 14 quasars with a wide coverage of rest wavelengths from 1000 to 7300 A. The redshift ranges from z = 0.061 to 0.555 and the luminosity from M_{B} = -22.69 to -26.32. We describe the procedure of generating the template spectrum of Fe II line emission from the spectrum of a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy I Zw 1 that covers two wavelength regions of 2200-3500 A and 4200-5600 A. Our template Fe II spectrum is semi-empirical in the sense that the synthetic spectrum calculated with the CLOUDY photoionization code is used to separate the Fe II emission from the Mg II line. The procedure of measuring the strengths of Fe II emission lines is twofold; (1) subtracting the continuum components by fitting models of the power-law and Balmer continua in the continuum windows which are relatively free from line emissions, and (2) fitting models of the Fe II emission based on the Fe II template to the continuum-subtracted spectra. From 14 quasars, we obtained the Fe II fluxes in five wavelength bands, the total flux of Balmer continuum, and the fluxes of Mg II, Halpha, and other emission lines, together with the full width at half maxima (FWHMs) of these lines. Regression analysis was performed by assuming a linear relation between any two of these quantities. Eight correlations were found with a confidence level higher than 99%. The fact that six of these eight are related to FWHM or M_{BH} may imply that M_{BH} is a fundamental quantity that controls Gamma or the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the incident continuum, which in turn controls the Fe II emission. Furthermore, it is worthy of noting that Fe II(O1)/Fe II(U1) is found to tightly correlate with Fe II(O1)/Mg II, but not with Fe II(U1)/Mg II.

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arXiv2005

OI Line Emission in the Quasar PG 1116+215

By observing the near-infrared spectrum of the quasar PG 1116+215 at z = 0.176 and combining with the HST/FOS spectrum, we obtained the relative strengths of three permitted OI lines ({lambda}1304, {lambda}8446, and {lambda}11287) in a quasar for the first time. The photon flux ratios of the OI lines of the quasar were compared with those previously measured in a Seyfert 1 and six narrow-line Seyfert 1s. No significant differences were found in the OI line flux ratios between the quasar and the other Seyferts, suggesting that the gas density in the OI and FeII line-emitting regions in the quasar is of the same order as those in low-luminosity AGNs. It was also found that the line width of OI {lambda}11287 is significantly narrower than that of Ly{alpha}, which is consistent with OI and FeII emission occurring in the partly ionized regions at the outermost portion of the broad-line region where velocities are small.

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