arXiv subjects

Youness Mellak

Publications and source records attributed to Youness Mellak.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Continuous 3-D Latent Diffusion for Medical Image Generation and Reconstruction

High-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) medical diffusion models remain constrained by the cost of processing full volumes, even when denoising is performed in a compact latent space. We introduce a continuous 3-D latent diffusion model (LDM) framework for computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generation and measurement-guided reconstruction. Its central component is a compact autoencoder (AE) with a coordinate-conditioned local implicit image function (LIIF) decoder that represents a volume as a continuous function of spatial coordinates. By evaluating the convolutional decoder once on the latent grid and restricting repeated computation to a lightweight implicit head, the proposed design avoids overlapping sub-volume decoding while remaining differentiable for inverse-problem optimization. We evaluate the framework on CT volumes of 512^3 voxels and MRI volumes of 256^3 voxels. On high-resolution CT, the proposed AE is approximately x12-32 faster than the evaluated reference autoencoders, achieves the lowest peak graphics processing unit (GPU) memory use, and retains comparable structural fidelity despite a moderate reduction in voxel-level accuracy. The resulting frozen 3-D latent prior generates coherent full volumes without visible patch seams and can be applied, without task-specific retraining, to sparse-view CT and accelerated MRI reconstruction through hard data consistency. Although direct pixel-domain reconstruction remains more accurate, the results demonstrate that a single volumetric latent prior can support both unconditional generation and measurement-conditioned reconstruction on one GPU. Overall, the framework provides a practical trade-off between continuous volumetric decoding, computational efficiency, and fine-detail preservation. Our code will be made available at https://github.com/mellak/.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2025

Dual-Input Dynamic Convolution for Positron Range Correction in PET Image Reconstruction

Positron range (PR) blurring degrades positron emission tomography (PET) image resolution, particularly for high-energy emitters like gallium-68 (68 Ga). We introduce Dual-Input Dynamic Convolution (DDConv), a novel computationally efficient approach trained with voxel-specific PR point spread functions (PSFs) from Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and designed to be utilized within an iterative reconstruction algorithm to perform PR correction (PRC). By dynamically inferring local blurring kernels through a trained convolutional neural network (CNN), DDConv captures complex tissue interfaces more accurately than prior methods. Additionally, it also computes the transpose operator, ensuring consistency within iterative PET reconstruction. Comparisons with a state-of-the-art, tissue-dependent correction confirm the advantages of DDConv in recovering higher-resolution details in heterogeneous regions, including bone-soft tissue and lung-soft tissue boundaries. Experiments across digital phantoms and MC-simulated data show that DDConv offers near-MC accuracy and outperforms the state-of-the-art technique, namely spatially-variant and tissue-dependent (SVTD), especially in areas with complex material interfaces. Results from real phantom experiments further confirm DD-Conv's robustness and practical applicability: while both DD-Conv and SVTD performed similarly in homogeneous soft-tissue regions, DDConv provided more accurate activity recovery and sharper delineation at heterogeneous lung-soft tissue interfaces. Our code available at https://github.com/mellak/ddconv-prc.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2025

Adaptive Diffusion Models for Sparse-View Motion-Corrected Head Cone-beam CT

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an imaging modality widely used in head and neck diagnostics due to its accessibility and lower radiation dose. However, its relatively long acquisition times make it susceptible to patient motion, especially under sparse-view settings used to reduce dose, which can result in severe image artifacts. In this work, we propose a novel framework combining joint reconstruction and motion estimation (JRM) with an adaptive diffusion model (ADM) that simultaneously addresses motion compensation and sparse-view reconstruction in head CBCT. Leveraging recent advances in diffusion-based generative models, our method integrates a wavelet-domain diffusion prior into an iterative reconstruction pipeline to guide the solution toward anatomically plausible volumes while estimating rigid motion parameters in a blind fashion. We evaluate our method on simulated motion-affected CBCT data derived from real clinical computed tomography (CT) volumes. Experimental results demonstrate that JRM- ADM achieves consistent quantitative improvements over both traditional and learning-based baselines. In highly undersampled cases, JRM-ADM improves peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by more than 4 dB and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) by 0.10 compared to the baseline motion-corrected (MC) reconstruction method. These results highlight the potential of our approach to enable motion-robust, low-dose CBCT imaging, paving the way for improved clinical viability. The project page is available at https://antoinedepaepe.github.io/jrm-adm-io/.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2025

Direct3γ: A Pipeline for Direct Three-gamma PET Image Reconstruction

This paper presents a novel image reconstruction pipeline for three-gamma (3-γ) positron emission tomography (PET) aimed at improving spatial resolution and reducing noise in nuclear medicine; the proposed Direct3γ pipeline addresses the inherent challenges in 3-γ PET systems, such as detector imperfections and uncertainty in photon interaction points, with a key feature being its ability to determine the order of interactions through a model trained on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using the Geant4 Application for Tomography Emission (GATE) toolkit, thus providing the necessary information to construct Compton cones which intersect with the line of response (LOR) to estimate the emission point; the pipeline processes 3-γ PET raw data, reconstructs histoimages by propagating energy and spatial uncertainties along the LOR, and applies a 3-D convolutional neural network (CNN) to refine these intermediate images into high-quality reconstructions, further enhancing image quality through supervised learning and adversarial losses that preserve fine structural details; experimental results show that Direct3γ consistently outperforms conventional 200-ps time-of-flight (TOF) PET in terms of structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2024

Fast-Track of F-18 Positron paths simulations using GANs

In recent years, the use of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the domain of Medical Physics has become a state-of-the-art technology that consumes lots of computational resources for the accurate prediction of particle interactions. The use of generative adversarial network (GAN) has been recently proposed as an alternative to improve the efficiency and extending the applications of computational tools in both medical imaging and therapeutic applications. This study introduces a new approach to simulate positron paths originating from Fluorine 18 (18 F) isotopes through the utilization of GANs. The proposed methodology developed a pure conditional transformer least squares (LS)-GAN model, designed to generate positron paths, and to track their interaction within the surrounding material. Conditioning factors include the pre-determined number of interactions, and the initial momentum of the emitted positrons, as derived from the emission spectrum of 18 F. By leveraging these conditions, the model aims to quickly and accurately simulate electromagnetic interactions of positron paths. Results were compared to the outcome produced with Geant4 Application for Tomography Emission (GATE) MC simulations toolkit. Less than 10 % of difference was observed in the calculation of the mean and maximum length of the path and the 1-D point spread function (PSF) for three different materials (Water, Bone, Lung).

physics.med-ph↗