arXiv subjects

Youxin Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Youxin Wang.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

A new hot core in the outer Galaxy: Impact of metallicity on the formation of complex organic molecules

Many complex organic molecules (COMs) in star-forming regions are believed to form on dust grains. We thus expect both the reduced metallicity and dust-to-gas ratio in the outer Galaxy to have an impact on the chemical composition of these regions. We investigate if certain COMs are more sensitive than others to metallicity by measuring the chemical composition of hot cores in the outer Galaxy. We used NOEMA to perform an imaging spectral line survey of G135.27+2.79, located at a galactocentric distance of 13.1 kpc. We derived the rotational temperatures and column densities of the detected molecules while assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium and compared the chemical composition of G135.27+2.79 to other sources and to the predictions of the three-phase astrochemical code MAGICKAL. G135.27+2.79 hosts three continuum cores, labeled MM1, MM2, and MM3. Most species in MM1 trace a hot, compact region, confirming MM1 as a hot core. The chemical composition of MM1 correlates rather well with that of the inner and outer Galaxy hot cores G31.41+0.31 and WB89-789 SMM1, but its molecular abundances relative to methanol lie in between, which may reflect the influence of metallicity on COM formation. The model results agree reasonably well, though with a few notable exceptions, with the COM abundances of MM1 relative to methanol and with the abundance ratios between MM1 and G31.41+0.31. Sensitivity to the reduced metallicity and dust-to-gas ratio varies between molecules, with carbon chains and nitriles most negatively affected. The lower dust-to-gas ratio leads to slower adsorption under low-metallicity conditions so that more carbon is locked up into CO in the gas. Slow adsorption means that CO is hydrogenated more efficiently on grains, enhancing CO-related COM abundances above expectations. These results demonstrate that metallicity has a significant impact on the formation of COMs.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

Sulfur monoxide as a tracer of the Galactic $^{32}$S/$^{34}$S gradient

To date, the Galactic interstellar radial $^{32}$S/$^{34}$S gradient has only been studied with the CS isotopologs, which may be affected by uncertainties due to the use of a single tracer. As another abundant S-bearing molecules, SO and its isotopomer $^{34}$SO could be considered as tracers of the $^{32}$S/$^{34}$S ratio. We present the first systematic observations of SO and $^{34}$SO toward a large sample of molecular clouds with accurate distances, performed with the IRAM 30 m and the 10 m Submillimeter Telescope (SMT). With the IRAM 30 m, SO $2_2-1_1$ was detected in 59 of 82 sources ($\sim$82%), and $^{34}$SO $2_2-1_1$ in 8 sources ($\sim$10%). With the SMT 10 m, SO $5_5-4_4$ was detected in 136 of 184 sources ($\sim$74%), and $^{34}$SO $5_5-4_4$ in 55 of 77 strong SO sources ($\sim$72%). SO/$^{34}$SO ratios were derived for 8 ($2_2-1_1$) and 55 ($5_5-4_4$) sources. No correlation was found between the SO/$^{34}$SO ratio and heliocentric distance or $T_k$, suggesting negligible distance and fractionation effects. Both LTE and non-LTE analyses consistently suggest that the optical depth effect is also insignificant. $^{32}$S/$^{34}$S ratios from the $2_2-1_1$ transitions follow the increasing radial trend proposed by previous CS species measurements, while those from the $5_5-4_4$ lines are systematically lower. The lower transitions of SO and $^{34}$SO may be suitable tracers of $^{32}$S/$^{34}$S, though the detections are rare. Comparisons between measurements and Galactic chemical evolution model suggest that the nucleosynthesis prescriptions need to be revised in the low-metallicity regime, but more data for the outermost Galactic regions are crucial for drawing strong conclusions.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

Simulations for the evolution of the chemical clock HC3N/N2H+ in high-mass star-forming regions

From observations, column density ratios or integrated intensity ratios between some species exhibit monotonic increase or decrease along with the evolution of high-mass star-forming regions (HMSFRs). Such ratios are defined as chemical clocks, which can be used to constrain the evolutionary stage. We performed chemical simulations to reproduce the observed column density ratio of HC3N/N2H+ and the abundances of these two species across various evolutionary stages in HMSFRs. Simultaneously, we identified the chemical processes responsible for the observed time-dependent trends in these stages. Our simulations utilized the astrochemical code Nautilus and the existing 1D models of HMSFRs that cover four evolutionary stages, accompanied by variations in density and temperature throughout the entire evolution. When averaging over large spatial scales, the best model produced successfully matches the observed column density ratio of HC3N/N2H+ and the abundances of the species involved at specific times for each evolutionary stage; that is, the late high-mass starless core stage, the early high-mass protostellar object stage, and the early ultracompact HII stage. HC3N is mainly affected by the warm carbon-chain chemistry (WCCC) and its own thermal desorption, while N2H+ is primarily influenced by the thermal desorption of N2, CO, CH4, NH3, and H2O followed by dissociative recombination and ion-molecule reactions. The results obtained from the best-fitting model timescales broadly agree with statistical estimates. Based on our best-fit model, we further examined other 350 ratios involving 27 species, and 178 ratios exhibit an increasing or decreasing evolutionary trend around the best-fit timescales of HC3N/N2H+. Among them, 157 ratios are observable and could be considered as candidate chemical clocks.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

CPN: Complementary Proposal Network for Unconstrained Text Detection

Existing methods for scene text detection can be divided into two paradigms: segmentation-based and anchor-based. While Segmentation-based methods are well-suited for irregular shapes, they struggle with compact or overlapping layouts. Conversely, anchor-based approaches excel for complex layouts but suffer from irregular shapes. To strengthen their merits and overcome their respective demerits, we propose a Complementary Proposal Network (CPN) that seamlessly and parallelly integrates semantic and geometric information for superior performance. The CPN comprises two efficient networks for proposal generation: the Deformable Morphology Semantic Network, which generates semantic proposals employing an innovative deformable morphological operator, and the Balanced Region Proposal Network, which produces geometric proposals with pre-defined anchors. To further enhance the complementarity, we introduce an Interleaved Feature Attention module that enables semantic and geometric features to interact deeply before proposal generation. By leveraging both complementary proposals and features, CPN outperforms state-of-the-art approaches with significant margins under comparable computation cost. Specifically, our approach achieves improvements of 3.6%, 1.3% and 1.0% on challenging benchmarks ICDAR19-ArT, IC15, and MSRA-TD500, respectively. Code for our method will be released.

cs.CV↗