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Yu-Syuan Xu

Publications and source records attributed to Yu-Syuan Xu.

17 recordsLinked to original sources

ECOKV: Geometry-Aware KV Cache Eviction via Complementary Diversity Metrics

Although multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in diverse tasks, their scalability remains limited by the memory and computational overhead of KV cache storage. Recent KV cache eviction approaches incorporate a cosine similarity-based diversity metric with importance metrics to selectively retain critical key-value pairs. However, cosine similarity involves normalization that discards magnitude information, and it often yields uniformly high similarity values across layers due to the anisotropy property of hidden representations. In our study ECOKV, we rigorously deconstruct the capabilities of existing diversity metrics. Moving beyond simple measurement, we propose a geometry-aware composite metric that jointly leverages Euclidean distance and cosine similarity to capture token diversity from complementary perspectives. Furthermore, we use these two metrics to estimate the redundancy level of each attention head, allowing adaptive weighting between diversity and importance scores during token selection. Finally, we demonstrate that the observation window commonly employed to preserve recent tokens can be substantially reduced, thereby allocating more cache capacity to informative tokens and yielding consistent improvements. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ECOKV achieves state-of-the-art performance under various compression ratios and can be seamlessly integrated with existing KV cache eviction methods. We further analyze the relationship between importance and diversity, and examine redundancy patterns across layers and attention heads.

cs.CL

Fidelity- and Perception-Aware Local Implicit Attention for Arbitrary-Scale Image Super-Resolution

Arbitrary-scale image super-resolution (ASISR) aims to reconstruct high-resolution images from low-resolution inputs over a continuous range of upscaling factors. While traditional pixel-regression approaches often produce overly smooth results that lack realistic details, recent diffusion methods can produce sharper and more realistic textures. However, these diffusion techniques frequently introduce the risk of structural hallucinations. To address these issues, we propose Fidelity- and Perception-Aware Local Implicit Attention (FPLIA), a framework that effectively integrates fidelity-oriented features into a diffusion pipeline to produce realistic and faithful reconstructions for ASISR. We introduce a Fidelity and Perception Attention Module (FPAM), which applies both self-attention and cross-attention to fidelity-oriented and perceptual features to enhance representational capacity. To further exploit their complements, we design a Fidelity and Perception Select Module (FPSM) that adaptively selects the most representative features for RGB values prediction. We conduct extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of these components. Both qualitative and quantitative results show that FPLIA delivers superior perceptual realism while maintaining reconstruction accuracy on standard ASISR benchmarks. The source code is accessible at the following repository: https://github.com/XUSean0118/FPLIA.

cs.CV

Bridging Restoration and Generation in One-step Diffusion for Real-World Image Super-Resolution

Pretrained diffusion models have revolutionized real-world image super-resolution (Real-ISR), but their iterative sampling is computationally prohibitive, driving efforts to distill it into a single step. General one-step methods fine-tune the generative prior into a deterministic mapping, restoring efficiency but discarding its stochastic nature. Conversely, recent attempts re-engage generation by shifting the timestep or injecting random noise, adjusting either the position or the state while the other stays fixed. Because only one side is controlled, the two align at isolated preset timesteps but drift apart once steered, leaving generation unstable. To address this, we present one-step diffusion via Inversion and Degradation-aware Sampling for Real-ISR (IDaS-SR), a one-step framework that bridges deterministic restoration and stochastic generation. At its core, Manifold Anchoring grounds the low-quality latent on the pretrained trajectory through two operations jointly estimated by the Manifold Inversion Noise Estimator (MINE): positioning declares where the latent lies and how it deviates from the clean state, while inversion aligns the latent to the declared position. Upon the anchor, CHARIOT reintroduces controlled stochasticity by jointly rescheduling the trajectory and interpolating the noise, enabling a single scalar to smoothly navigate the fidelity-realism trade-off. Extensive experiments demonstrate that IDaS-SR effectively unleashes the generative prior, achieving state-of-the-art performance under explicit control in a single inference step.

cs.CV

The First Challenge on Mobile Real-World Image Super-Resolution at NTIRE 2026: Benchmark Results and Method Overview

This paper provides a review of the NTIRE 2026 challenge on mobile real-world image super-resolution, highlighting the proposed solutions and the resulting outcomes. The challenge aims to recover high-resolution (HR) images from low-resolution (LR) counterparts generated through unknown degradations with a x4 scaling factor while ensuring the models remain executable on mobile devices. The objective is to develop effective and efficient network designs or solutions that achieve state-of-the-art real-world image super-resolution performance. The track of the challenge evaluates performance using a weighted combination of image quality assessment (IQA) score and speedup ratios. The competition attracted 108 registrants, with 16 teams achieving a valid score in the final ranking. This collaborative effort advances the performance of mobile real-world image super-resolution while offering an in-depth overview of the latest trends in the field.

cs.CV

Learning Ordinal Degradation Representations with Textual Priors for Diffusion-Based Blind Image Super-Resolution

Blind image super-resolution (Blind SR) has achieved remarkable perceptual quality via generative priors. However, lacking clear degradation representations such as varying severity and mixtures, these methods fail to accurately reflect the actual degradation process. This limitation severely compromises restoration fidelity and leads to content inconsistencies, especially in diffusion-based blind SR models that rely on simple textual descriptions for contextual guidance. To bridge the gap between high-level semantics and low-level degradation artifacts, we introduce Ordinal Degradation CLIP (OD-CLIP), leveraging textual priors to enhance the learning of continuous degradation-level representations. Unlike standard CLIP text encoders, which struggle to represent numerical intensity, OD-CLIP moves beyond coarse labels by modeling unknown degradations as a continuous spectrum representing quality. By learning an ordinal embedding from low-quality inputs, our design captures both degradation types and their relative severity, explicitly modeling the degradation hierarchy and enabling interpolation across unseen levels. In our experiments, the OD-CLIP representation demonstrates stronger ordinal ranking and perceptual distance modeling compared to baseline methods. When applied to blind SR, we show that conditioning on OD-CLIP maintains fidelity and preserves content structures over existing methods in both unknown and mixed-degradation settings on real-world benchmarks.

cs.CV

Two Heads Better than One: Dual Degradation Representation for Blind Super-Resolution

Previous methods have demonstrated remarkable performance in single image super-resolution (SISR) tasks with known and fixed degradation (e.g., bicubic downsampling). However, when the actual degradation deviates from these assumptions, these methods may experience significant declines in performance. In this paper, we propose a Dual Branch Degradation Extractor Network to address the blind SR problem. While some blind SR methods assume noise-free degradation and others do not explicitly consider the presence of noise in the degradation model, our approach predicts two unsupervised degradation embeddings that represent blurry and noisy information. The SR network can then be adapted to blur embedding and noise embedding in distinct ways. Furthermore, we treat the degradation extractor as a regularizer to capitalize on differences between SR and HR images. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate our method achieves SOTA performance in the blind SR problem.

cs.CV

EAMamba: Efficient All-Around Vision State Space Model for Image Restoration

Image restoration is a key task in low-level computer vision that aims to reconstruct high-quality images from degraded inputs. The emergence of Vision Mamba, which draws inspiration from the advanced state space model Mamba, marks a significant advancement in this field. Vision Mamba demonstrates excellence in modeling long-range dependencies with linear complexity, a crucial advantage for image restoration tasks. Despite its strengths, Vision Mamba encounters challenges in low-level vision tasks, including computational complexity that scales with the number of scanning sequences and local pixel forgetting. To address these limitations, this study introduces Efficient All-Around Mamba (EAMamba), an enhanced framework that incorporates a Multi-Head Selective Scan Module (MHSSM) with an all-around scanning mechanism. MHSSM efficiently aggregates multiple scanning sequences, which avoids increases in computational complexity and parameter count. The all-around scanning strategy implements multiple patterns to capture holistic information and resolves the local pixel forgetting issue. Our experimental evaluations validate these innovations across several restoration tasks, including super resolution, denoising, deblurring, and dehazing. The results validate that EAMamba achieves a significant 31-89% reduction in FLOPs while maintaining favorable performance compared to existing low-level Vision Mamba methods.

cs.CV

AdaIR: Exploiting Underlying Similarities of Image Restoration Tasks with Adapters

Existing image restoration approaches typically employ extensive networks specifically trained for designated degradations. Despite being effective, such methods inevitably entail considerable storage costs and computational overheads due to the reliance on task-specific networks. In this work, we go beyond this well-established framework and exploit the inherent commonalities among image restoration tasks. The primary objective is to identify components that are shareable across restoration tasks and augment the shared components with modules specifically trained for individual tasks. Towards this goal, we propose AdaIR, a novel framework that enables low storage cost and efficient training without sacrificing performance. Specifically, a generic restoration network is first constructed through self-supervised pre-training using synthetic degradations. Subsequent to the pre-training phase, adapters are trained to adapt the pre-trained network to specific degradations. AdaIR requires solely the training of lightweight, task-specific modules, ensuring a more efficient storage and training regimen. We have conducted extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of AdaIR and analyze the influence of the pre-training strategy on discovering shareable components. Extensive experimental results show that AdaIR achieves outstanding results on multi-task restoration while utilizing significantly fewer parameters (1.9 MB) and less training time (7 hours) for each restoration task. The source codes and trained models will be released.

cs.CV

Cascaded Local Implicit Transformer for Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution

Implicit neural representation has recently shown a promising ability in representing images with arbitrary resolutions. In this paper, we present a Local Implicit Transformer (LIT), which integrates the attention mechanism and frequency encoding technique into a local implicit image function. We design a cross-scale local attention block to effectively aggregate local features. To further improve representative power, we propose a Cascaded LIT (CLIT) that exploits multi-scale features, along with a cumulative training strategy that gradually increases the upsampling scales during training. We have conducted extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of these components and analyze various training strategies. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that LIT and CLIT achieve favorable results and outperform the prior works in arbitrary super-resolution tasks.

cs.CV

PyNet-V2 Mobile: Efficient On-Device Photo Processing With Neural Networks

The increased importance of mobile photography created a need for fast and performant RAW image processing pipelines capable of producing good visual results in spite of the mobile camera sensor limitations. While deep learning-based approaches can efficiently solve this problem, their computational requirements usually remain too large for high-resolution on-device image processing. To address this limitation, we propose a novel PyNET-V2 Mobile CNN architecture designed specifically for edge devices, being able to process RAW 12MP photos directly on mobile phones under 1.5 second and producing high perceptual photo quality. To train and to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution, we use the real-world Fujifilm UltraISP dataset consisting on thousands of RAW-RGB image pairs captured with a professional medium-format 102MP Fujifilm camera and a popular Sony mobile camera sensor. The results demonstrate that the PyNET-V2 Mobile model can substantially surpass the quality of tradition ISP pipelines, while outperforming the previously introduced neural network-based solutions designed for fast image processing. Furthermore, we show that the proposed architecture is also compatible with the latest mobile AI accelerators such as NPUs or APUs that can be used to further reduce the latency of the model to as little as 0.5 second. The dataset, code and pre-trained models used in this paper are available on the project website: https://github.com/gmalivenko/PyNET-v2

cs.CV

MicroISP: Processing 32MP Photos on Mobile Devices with Deep Learning

While neural networks-based photo processing solutions can provide a better image quality compared to the traditional ISP systems, their application to mobile devices is still very limited due to their very high computational complexity. In this paper, we present a novel MicroISP model designed specifically for edge devices, taking into account their computational and memory limitations. The proposed solution is capable of processing up to 32MP photos on recent smartphones using the standard mobile ML libraries and requiring less than 1 second to perform the inference, while for FullHD images it achieves real-time performance. The architecture of the model is flexible, allowing to adjust its complexity to devices of different computational power. To evaluate the performance of the model, we collected a novel Fujifilm UltraISP dataset consisting of thousands of paired photos captured with a normal mobile camera sensor and a professional 102MP medium-format FujiFilm GFX100 camera. The experiments demonstrated that, despite its compact size, the MicroISP model is able to provide comparable or better visual results than the traditional mobile ISP systems, while outperforming the previously proposed efficient deep learning based solutions. Finally, this model is also compatible with the latest mobile AI accelerators, achieving good runtime and low power consumption on smartphone NPUs and APUs. The code, dataset and pre-trained models are available on the project website: https://people.ee.ethz.ch/~ihnatova/microisp.html

cs.CV

Power Efficient Video Super-Resolution on Mobile NPUs with Deep Learning, Mobile AI & AIM 2022 challenge: Report

Video super-resolution is one of the most popular tasks on mobile devices, being widely used for an automatic improvement of low-bitrate and low-resolution video streams. While numerous solutions have been proposed for this problem, they are usually quite computationally demanding, demonstrating low FPS rates and power efficiency on mobile devices. In this Mobile AI challenge, we address this problem and propose the participants to design an end-to-end real-time video super-resolution solution for mobile NPUs optimized for low energy consumption. The participants were provided with the REDS training dataset containing video sequences for a 4X video upscaling task. The runtime and power efficiency of all models was evaluated on the powerful MediaTek Dimensity 9000 platform with a dedicated AI processing unit capable of accelerating floating-point and quantized neural networks. All proposed solutions are fully compatible with the above NPU, demonstrating an up to 500 FPS rate and 0.2 [Watt / 30 FPS] power consumption. A detailed description of all models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper.

eess.IV

Network Space Search for Pareto-Efficient Spaces

Network spaces have been known as a critical factor in both handcrafted network designs or defining search spaces for Neural Architecture Search (NAS). However, an effective space involves tremendous prior knowledge and/or manual effort, and additional constraints are required to discover efficiency-aware architectures. In this paper, we define a new problem, Network Space Search (NSS), as searching for favorable network spaces instead of a single architecture. We propose an NSS method to directly search for efficient-aware network spaces automatically, reducing the manual effort and immense cost in discovering satisfactory ones. The resultant network spaces, named Elite Spaces, are discovered from Expanded Search Space with minimal human expertise imposed. The Pareto-efficient Elite Spaces are aligned with the Pareto front under various complexity constraints and can be further served as NAS search spaces, benefiting differentiable NAS approaches (e.g. In CIFAR-100, an averagely 2.3% lower error rate and 3.7% closer to target constraint than the baseline with around 90% fewer samples required to find satisfactory networks). Moreover, our NSS approach is capable of searching for superior spaces in future unexplored spaces, revealing great potential in searching for network spaces automatically. Website: https://minhungchen.netlify.app/publication/nss.

cs.CV

Learned Smartphone ISP on Mobile NPUs with Deep Learning, Mobile AI 2021 Challenge: Report

As the quality of mobile cameras starts to play a crucial role in modern smartphones, more and more attention is now being paid to ISP algorithms used to improve various perceptual aspects of mobile photos. In this Mobile AI challenge, the target was to develop an end-to-end deep learning-based image signal processing (ISP) pipeline that can replace classical hand-crafted ISPs and achieve nearly real-time performance on smartphone NPUs. For this, the participants were provided with a novel learned ISP dataset consisting of RAW-RGB image pairs captured with the Sony IMX586 Quad Bayer mobile sensor and a professional 102-megapixel medium format camera. The runtime of all models was evaluated on the MediaTek Dimensity 1000+ platform with a dedicated AI processing unit capable of accelerating both floating-point and quantized neural networks. The proposed solutions are fully compatible with the above NPU and are capable of processing Full HD photos under 60-100 milliseconds while achieving high fidelity results. A detailed description of all models developed in this challenge is provided in this paper.

eess.IV

Deploying Image Deblurring across Mobile Devices: A Perspective of Quality and Latency

Recently, image enhancement and restoration have become important applications on mobile devices, such as super-resolution and image deblurring. However, most state-of-the-art networks present extremely high computational complexity. This makes them difficult to be deployed on mobile devices with acceptable latency. Moreover, when deploying to different mobile devices, there is a large latency variation due to the difference and limitation of deep learning accelerators on mobile devices. In this paper, we conduct a search of portable network architectures for better quality-latency trade-off across mobile devices. We further present the effectiveness of widely used network optimizations for image deblurring task. This paper provides comprehensive experiments and comparisons to uncover the in-depth analysis for both latency and image quality. Through all the above works, we demonstrate the successful deployment of image deblurring application on mobile devices with the acceleration of deep learning accelerators. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that addresses all the deployment issues of image deblurring task across mobile devices. This paper provides practical deployment-guidelines, and is adopted by the championship-winning team in NTIRE 2020 Image Deblurring Challenge on Smartphone Track.

cs.CV

Unified Dynamic Convolutional Network for Super-Resolution with Variational Degradations

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable results on Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR). Despite considering only a single degradation, recent studies also include multiple degrading effects to better reflect real-world cases. However, most of the works assume a fixed combination of degrading effects, or even train an individual network for different combinations. Instead, a more practical approach is to train a single network for wide-ranging and variational degradations. To fulfill this requirement, this paper proposes a unified network to accommodate the variations from inter-image (cross-image variations) and intra-image (spatial variations). Different from the existing works, we incorporate dynamic convolution which is a far more flexible alternative to handle different variations. In SISR with non-blind setting, our Unified Dynamic Convolutional Network for Variational Degradations (UDVD) is evaluated on both synthetic and real images with an extensive set of variations. The qualitative results demonstrate the effectiveness of UDVD over various existing works. Extensive experiments show that our UDVD achieves favorable or comparable performance on both synthetic and real images.

eess.IV

Dynamic Video Segmentation Network

In this paper, we present a detailed design of dynamic video segmentation network (DVSNet) for fast and efficient semantic video segmentation. DVSNet consists of two convolutional neural networks: a segmentation network and a flow network. The former generates highly accurate semantic segmentations, but is deeper and slower. The latter is much faster than the former, but its output requires further processing to generate less accurate semantic segmentations. We explore the use of a decision network to adaptively assign different frame regions to different networks based on a metric called expected confidence score. Frame regions with a higher expected confidence score traverse the flow network. Frame regions with a lower expected confidence score have to pass through the segmentation network. We have extensively performed experiments on various configurations of DVSNet, and investigated a number of variants for the proposed decision network. The experimental results show that our DVSNet is able to achieve up to 70.4% mIoU at 19.8 fps on the Cityscape dataset. A high speed version of DVSNet is able to deliver an fps of 30.4 with 63.2% mIoU on the same dataset. DVSNet is also able to reduce up to 95% of the computational workloads.

cs.CV