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Yu. L. Bolotin

Publications and source records attributed to Yu. L. Bolotin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Cosmographic Connection Between Cosmological And Planck Scales: The Barrow-Tsallis Entropy

One of the fundamental challenges of quantum gravity is to understand how the microscopic degrees of freedom of the cosmological horizon shape the evolution of the Universe. One possible approach to this problem is based on the Barrow--Tsallis entropy. This entropy accounts for both quantum gravitational effects and the nonextensive effects inherent in any long-range interaction. By employing an inverse cosmographic reconstruction of the model parameters, we derive a relation between the Barrow parameter, which encodes the microscopic deformation of the horizon geometry, and the Tsallis parameter, which characterizes macroscopic nonextensivity. Within the IR--UV correspondence, this relation determines the scaling of the microscopic length uncertainty in terms of the current cosmographic parameters and demonstrates how long-range nonextensive effects alter the standard Karolyhazy-type scaling. We also applied our cosmographic reconstruction method to evaluate the feasibility of using fractional derivatives to describe the late evolution of the Universe. Within the assumed non-interacting power-law holographic model class, the resulting algebraic relations are exact. For this fixed model class, the observational uncertainty of the reconstructed parameter combination is determined by the current uncertainties in the cosmographic parameters; the quoted uncertainty of $δ$ additionally includes the adopted prior on $Δ$, but not uncertainty associated with the model choice. Propagating the observational errors of the deceleration and jerk parameters and marginalizing over a uniform prior on the Barrow parameter within the adopted interval $Δ\in [-1,1]$, we obtain the Monte Carlo estimate $δ= 1.11 \pm 0.57$ for the nonextensivity parameter, with the jerk parameter providing the largest observational contribution to the error budget.

gr-qc

Barrow entropy and spacetime foam

Quantum gravitational effects, on the one hand, lead to a limitation in the accuracy of measuring spatial and time intervals, and, on the other hand, they generate a discrete of spacetime structure (quantum foam). The common source of both measurement limitations and discreteness of space-time are quantum fluctuations, so their characteristics must be related to each other. We study such a relationship using Barrow entropy as a source of fractal space-time structure. The minimum inaccuracy in measuring space-time intervals is expressed through the Barrow entropy parameter. The connection between the level of fractality and the speed of information processing is considered.

gr-qc

Cosmology based on entropy

At present, there is practically no doubt that general relativity is closely related to gravity. Moreover, after the work of Jacobson, Padmanabhan and others, it became clear that a thermodynamic interpretation of Einstein's relativistic equations is possible. On the other hand, we are witnessing the conceptual problems of the SCM (the problem of the cosmological constant, the problem of coincidences) and many years of futile attempts to directly fix the main components of the model (dark energy and dark matter). The combination of these two factors gave rise to a natural desire, at least at the phenomenological level, to build a cosmological model that represents the synthesis of gravity and thermodynamics and does not include components of an unknown nature. It is this modelùentropic cosmologyùthat is considered in this review. We have set as our goal, omitting the details that can be found in the references given, to present the conceptual foundations of the model.

gr-qc

Do current observations support transient acceleration of our universe?

In the present article we have investigated a very natural question regarding the dynamics of the universe, namely, the possibility of its decelerating phase immediately after the present accelerating phase. To begin with, we have focused on the matter creation theory which is considered to be a viable alternative to dark energy and modified gravity models. Moreover, we have introduced the cosmographic approach which allows us to express the free parameters of a cosmological model in terms of the known cosmographic parameters. Assuming a generalized matter creation rate we have discussed the theoretical bounds on the model parameters allowing the future deceleration of the universe. Moreover, using the observational bounds on the cosmographic parameters obtained from the low redshifts observational probes, we have also examined the chance of a decelerating phase of the universe. Finally, considering a variety of known cosmological models and parametrizations, we have tested the same possibility. Our analysis shows that the chance of a future decelerating expansion of the universe is highly dependent on the choice of the cosmological models and parametrizations and also on the observational data. Even though the future decelerating expansion is allowed in some cosmological frameworks, but we do not see any strong evidence in favor of this. Perhaps, the future cosmological surveys could offer some more information regarding the fate of the universe.

gr-qc

Alternative approaches to the description of quantum dynamics in multi-well potentials

We consider three different approaches to analyze the quantum mechanical problems in multi-well potentials: i) the standard matrix diagonalization technique in the basis sets of harmonic oscillator eigenfunctions or plain waves; ii) the spectral method, which allows to reconstruct the spectrum and stationary functions based on the time-dependent solution of the Schrödinger equation; iii) approximations with exact solutions obtained by the supersymmetric quantum mechanics technique. The latter approach proves to be the most promising as it gives a unique possibility to include the specific multi-well features of the problem directly in the calculation procedure.

quant-ph

Physics of Limit Values at Planck scale

The traditional formulation of the ultimate goal of physics (in the narrower sense of axiomatic theory) involves the derivation of physical laws from first principles. Though, such option doesn't make things easier since the task of the first principles finding is not less complicated versus to the original problem. The alternative path for understanding the world around us is to interpret the fundamental limit values as a factor determining the physical laws structure. A significant part of this path has already been completed. It was possible to show that the quantum mechanics can be built on the basis of the existence of the minimum quantum action, while the special theory of relativity - on the maximum speed c. Furthermore, from rather recently it became clear that a similar approach could be implemented in general relativity but in this case it can be constructed by postulating the existence of a minimum lengths. The goal of this review is to demonstrate the effectiveness of limit values as a tool for describing the physics of the Planck scale. Moreover, by virtue of their universality, the limit values allow us to establish relationships between, on first glance, distant fields of physics. We will consider the simplest consequences of the inclusion of gravitational effects in quantum reality. The most important consequence of this consideration is the inevitability of transition from the classical concept of continuum to the concept of the discrete space-time. The new physics generated by such transition will be in the center of our attention.

physics.gen-ph

APPLIED COSMOGRAPHY: A Pedagogical Review

Based on the cosmological principle only, the method of describing the evolution of the Universe, called cosmography, is in fact a kinematics of cosmological expansion. The effectiveness of cosmography lies in the fact that it allows, based on the results of observations, to perform a rigid selection of models that do not contradict the cosmological principle. It is important that the introduction of new components (dark matter, dark energy or even more mysterious entities) will not affect the relationship between the kinematic characteristics (cosmographic parameters) This paper shows that within the framework of cosmography the parameters of any model that satisfies the cosmological principle (the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scale), can be expressed through cosmographic parameters. The proposed approach to finding the parameters of cosmological models has many advantages. Emphasize that all the obtained results are accurate, since they follow from identical transformations. The procedure can be generalized to the case of models with interaction between components.

gr-qc

Cosmography of Cardassian model

The parameters of any model that satisfies the cosmological principle (the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scale), can be expressed through cosmographic parameters. In this paper, we perform this procedure for the Cardassian model. We demonstrate a number of advantages of the approach used before traditional methods.

gr-qc

Modified Planck units

Planck units are natural physical scales of mass, length and time, built with the help of the fundamental constants $\hbar, c, G$. The functional role of the constants used for the construction of Planck units is different. If the first two of them represent the limits of the action and the speed of light and underlie quantum mechanics and special relativity, the Newton's constant $G$ "only" fixes the absolute value of the gravitational forces. It seems natural to make a set of fundamental constants more consistent and more effective if used to build Planck units only limit values. To this end, in addition to the limit values $\hbar $ and $c$ we introduce an additional limit value - a maximum power in nature. On the basis of these values, a modification of the Planck unit system is proposed. The proposed modification leaves unchanged the numerical values of Planck units, however, opens up exciting new possibilities for interpreting the known results and for obtaining new ones.

physics.gen-ph

Cosmology In Terms Of The Deceleration Parameter. Part II

In the early seventies, Alan Sandage defined cosmology as the search for two numbers: Hubble parameter ${{H}_{0}}$ and deceleration parameter ${{q}_{0}}$. The first of the two basic cosmological parameters (the Hubble parameter) describes the linear part of the time dependence of the scale factor. Treating the Universe as a dynamical system it is natural to assume that it is non-linear: indeed, linearity is nothing more than approximation, while non-linearity represents the generic case. It is evident that future models of the Universe must take into account different aspects of its evolution. As soon as the scale factor is the only dynamical variable, the quantities which determine its time dependence must be essentially present in all aspects of the Universe' evolution. Basic characteristics of the cosmological evolution, both static and dynamical, can be expressed in terms of the parameters ${{H}_{0}}$ and ${{q}_{0}}$. The very parameters (and higher time derivatives of the scale factor) enable us to construct model-independent kinematics of the cosmological expansion. Time dependence of the scale factor reflects main events in history of the Universe. Moreover it is the deceleration parameter who dictates the expansion rate of the Hubble sphere and determines the dynamics of the observable galaxy number variation: depending on the sign of the deceleration parameter this number either grows (in the case of decelerated expansion), or we are going to stay absolutely alone in the cosmos (if the expansion is accelerated). The intended purpose of the report is reflected in its title --- "Cosmology in terms of the deceleration parameter". We would like to show that practically any aspect of the cosmological evolution is tightly bound to the deceleration parameter. It is the second part of the report. The first part see here http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00811

gr-qc

New Cosmographic Constraints on the Dark Energy and Dark Matter Coupling

We consider three cosmological models with linear interaction between the dark components and obtain restrictions on the coupling constant in terms of the cosmographic parameters. It enables us to find constraints on the coupling constant directly based on observational data and to restrict number of numerous models describing interaction in the dark sector.

astro-ph.CO

Cosmology In Terms Of The Deceleration Parameter. Part I

In the early seventies, Alan Sandage defined cosmology as the search for two numbers: Hubble parameter ${{H}_{0}}$ and deceleration parameter ${{q}_{0}}$. The first of the two basic cosmological parameters (the Hubble parameter) describes the linear part of the time dependence of the scale factor. Treating the Universe as a dynamical system it is natural to assume that it is non-linear: indeed, linearity is nothing more than approximation, while non-linearity represents the generic case. It is evident that future models of the Universe must take into account different aspects of its evolution. As soon as the scale factor is the only dynamical variable, the quantities which determine its time dependence must be essentially present in all aspects of the Universe' evolution. Basic characteristics of the cosmological evolution, both static and dynamical, can be expressed in terms of the parameters ${{H}_{0}}$ and ${{q}_{0}}$. The very parameters (and higher time derivatives of the scale factor) enable us to construct model-independent kinematics of the cosmological expansion. Time dependence of the scale factor reflects main events in history of the Universe. Moreover it is the deceleration parameter who dictates the expansion rate of the Hubble sphere and determines the dynamics of the observable galaxy number variation: depending on the sign of the deceleration parameter this number either grows (in the case of decelerated expansion), or we are going to stay absolutely alone in the cosmos (if the expansion is accelerated). The intended purpose of the report is reflected in its title --- "Cosmology in terms of the deceleration parameter". We would like to show that practically any aspect of the cosmological evolution is tightly bound to the deceleration parameter.

gr-qc

Cosmological Evolution With Interaction Between Dark Energy And Dark Matter

In this review we consider in detail different theoretical topics associated with interaction in the dark sector. We study linear and nonlinear interactions which depend on the dark matter and dark energy densities. We consider a number of different models (including the holographic dark energy and dark energy in a fractal universe) with interacting dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM), have done a thorough analysis of these models. The main task of this review was not only to give an idea about the modern set of different models of dark energy, but to show how much can be diverse dynamics of the universe in these models. We find that the dynamics of a Universe that contains interaction in the dark sector can differ significantly from the Standard Cosmological Model (SCM).

astro-ph.CO

Dynamics of the Universe in Problems

To our best knowledge, there are no problem books on cosmology yet, that would include its spectacular recent achievements. We believe there is a strong need for such now, when cosmology is swiftly becoming a strict and vast science, and the book would be extremely useful for the youth pouring in this area of research. Indeed, the only way to rise over the popular level in any science is to master its alphabet, that is, to learn to solve problems. Of course, most of modern textbooks on cosmology include problems. However, a reader, exhausted by high theory, may often be thwarted by the lack of time and strength to solve them. Might it be worth sometimes to change the tactics and just throw those who wish to learn to swim into the water? We present an updated version of the "Dynamics of the Universe in Problems" We have the following new sections, 'Gravitational Waves', "Interactions in the Dark Sector", "Horizons" and "Quantum Cosmology" . A number of new problems have been added to almost every section. The total number of problems exceeds fifteen hundred. Solutions to all the problems can be found at www.universeinproblems.com

astro-ph.CO