arXiv subjects

Yue-Liang Wu

Publications and source records attributed to Yue-Liang Wu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Novel Light Dark Matter Detection with Quantum Parity Detector Using Qubit Arrays

We present the design and the sensitivity reach of the Qubit-based Light Dark Matter detection experiment. We propose the novel two-chip design to reduce signal dissipation, with quantum parity measurement to enhance single-phonon detection sensitivity. We demonstrate the performance of the detector with full phonon and quasiparticle simulations. The experiment is projected to detect $\gtrsim 30$ meV energy deposition with nearly $100\%$ efficiency and high energy resolution. The sensitivity to $m_χ\gtrsim 0.01$ MeV dark matter scattering cross section is expected to be advanced by orders of magnitude for both light and heavy mediators, and similar improvements will be achieved for axion and dark photon absorption in the $0.04$-$0.2$ eV mass range.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Vector Dark Matter from Gravitational Quantum Field Theory

Gravitational evidence firmly establishes the existence of dark matter (DM), yet its non-gravitational interactions and fundamental nature remain unresolved. In this work, we demonstrate that a chirality boost-spin gauge field, which emerges naturally in the General Standard Model formulated within gravitational quantum field theory, offers a vector DM candidate. We construct the corresponding low-energy effective field theory for this DM with axial-vector couplings to Standard Model fermions and systematically investigate its signatures in direct detection, indirect detection, and collider experiments. Comparing our predictions against current experimental data places stringent constraints on the DM parameter space, with the viable regions within the further reach of future searches.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2026

Eight Local Couplings of Gravitational Waves from Unified Field Equations

A gravitational-wave (GW) detector records a linear mixture of local couplings under the assumption that extra polarizations enter geodesic deviation. Vacuum general relativity (GR) admits two transverse-traceless (TT) amplitudes. It remains to determine the largest set of couplings that can sit in that mixture, and whether a tensor-only arm-length result selects GR uniquely. The little group $E(2)$ of a null four-momentum classifies the strain amplitudes $\mathbf{p}=(p_{+},p_{\times},p_{x},p_{y},p_{b},p_{\ell})$, commonly written $h_{P}$, which determine the electric tidal tensor along a ray. Geodesic deviation, recorded as differential arm length, therefore contains only those $p_{P}$ that enter that tensor. Lorentz mixing at helicity $\pm1$ supplies a gravito-magnetic (GEM) field that does not enter the tidal tensor. if GEM field is static, that does not propagate as a wave. A time-varying helicity-$\pm1$ current sources a GEM wave that enters the mixture as a coupling, to be isolated by its measured quantity. For a radiation-zone wave that depends only on retarded time, $\betag_{\perp}=\hat{\mathbf{k}}\times\partial_{t}(p_{x},p_{y})$, and the eight couplings are $\Pvec=(\mathbf{p},\betag_{\perp})$. Here we adopt unified field equations on $\mathbf{p}$ to clarify the origin of each component of $\Pvec$; the measured quantity of each coupling then isolates the polarizations in that mixture, which favors identification of distinct polarizations and model tests.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

White dwarf-neutron star matter transition and the effect of light elements

White dwarfs and neutron stars are unique laboratories for dense nuclear matter physics. We develop a single relativistic mean-field framework that treats both classes of compact star, and the transition between them, on the same footing: the nuclei of white-dwarf matter are solved self-consistently as Wigner-Seitz cells with the full electromagnetic interaction, while the same Lagrangian yields the uniform nuclear matter of the neutron-star interior. Within this unified description we compute light-element white dwarfs seeded by $^4$He, $^{12}$C, and $^{16}$O, following each fixed-$A$ sequence along its neutronization path and connecting it to the neutron-star branch through exact Maxwell junctions, from which the corresponding mass-radius relations are derived. The helium- and carbon-seeded white-dwarf sequences attain maximum masses of ${\sim}1.4\,M_\odot$ and ${\sim}1.0\,M_\odot$, respectively. On the neutron-star branch, the retained light-element envelope changes the predicted radii only at the percent level---by approximately $0.2~$km at $1.4\,M_\odot$, within current observational uncertainties. Providing a consistent zero-temperature equation of state from white-dwarf to neutron-star densities, this unified framework offers a natural starting point for studies of white-dwarf--neutron-star binary mergers, progenitor-star evolution, decihertz gravitational-wave sources, and related multimessenger phenomena.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2026

Testing the Transverse Scalar Mode of Gravitational Quantum Field Theory with Taiji and LISA

Space-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, including LISA and Taiji, offer unprecedented access to regimes where alternative theories of gravity may deviate from General Relativity (GR). Gravitational Quantum Field Theory (GQFT) provides a novel framework in which the Poincaré-type inhomogeneous spin symmetry of Weyl-type fermions in the Standard Model is elevated to a gauge symmetry. Within this construction, the fundamental gravitational field is identified with a gravigauge field which behaves as a Goldstone-type bi-covariant vector field. Unlike GR, GQFT predicts additional polarization states: one transverse scalar (breathing) mode and two vector modes. In this work, we focus on the transverse, isotropic scalar mode and investigate its detectability with Taiji. To isolate this mode, we employ the null-response channel (NRC), a specific interferometric combination designed to suppress contributions from other polarizations. We implement an analytical, dynamic orbital model to realistically simulate a triangular constellation. We compute the response functions and sensitivity curves for various interferometric channels, compare them with the standard Michelson channel, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the NRC approach. Our results show that the NRC provides a reliable, waveform-independent criterion for testing non-GR polarizations, and we anticipate that it will serve as a valuable tool for probing gravitational theories in future space-based GW missions.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

Quasi-bound states and late-time evolution of a massive fermion around a Reissner-Nordström black hole

A massive fermion around a charged black hole provides a gravitational analogue of atomic bound states and their relaxation. In this work, we study this system by formulating the radial equation as a coupled matrix system and constructing the Green's function with ingoing boundary conditions at the horizon and decaying boundary conditions at infinity. In the weak-coupling scenario $|qQ|\sim mM<1$, a matrix matching scheme gives an improved analytic expression of quasi-bound-state spectrum, including fine-structure corrections and more accurate decay widths. The extremal Reissner-Nordström case ($|Q|=M$) is treated separately and shown to be the smooth limiting result of the non-extremal spectrum. We further analyze the branch-cut contribution to the time-domain Green's function in the late-time limit. We confirm an oscillatory power-law behavior in intermediate late-time regime $1/m < t < 1/m^3M^2$. In the far late-time regime $t>1/m^3M^2$, the activation of the quasi-bound states produces an $t^{-5/6}\exp(-ηt^{1/3})$ suppression with a chirping phase before the asymptotic $t^{-5/6}$ tail previously found in the limit $t\to\infty$. Direct time-domain simulations support this distinction and show how the quasi-bound contribution coexists with the familiar power-law component.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

Solving Hamiltonian Constraint Equation with Physics-Informed Neural Networks

Numerical relativity (NR), solving Einstein equation numerically, plays an important role in source modelling for gravitational wave astronomy. Traditional methods for NR including finite difference method, spectral method and finite element method have been well developed. But newly developed neural network methods for partial differential equations (PDE) have not been well studied yet for NR. We present a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) method to solve the Hamiltonian constraint equation for binary black hole (BBH) initial data in NR. This equation is a highly non-linear elliptic PDE, posing significant challenges for conventional PINN approaches. To overcome these difficulties, we introduce a set of new techniques. We show that our PINN together with these techniques can successfully solve the Hamiltonian constraint equation for generic BBH systems. Validation against the traditional results demonstrates the high accuracy and robustness of our method, revealing the immense potential of constructing a PINN-based initial data solution to all BBH systems for NR.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

Distinguishing Monochromatic Signals in LISA and Taiji: Ultralight Dark Matter versus Gravitational Waves

Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) is an attractive candidate for cold dark matter, one of the main mysterious components of the Universe. Recent studies suggest that gravitational-wave (GW) laser interferometers can also detect bosonic ULDM fields, which would produce monochromatic signals resembling those from gravitational waves (GWs). Distinguishing between these potential origins therefore would be essential. In this work, we develop a method to address this challenge for space-based GW interferometers (such as LISA and Taiji) by utilizing the null-response channel (NRC) in interferometric combinations, a channel constructed to have zero response to a specific type of source from a given direction. We find that while the GW NRC remains blind to GWs from a specific direction, it still responds to ULDM, particularly at frequencies above the interferometer's critical frequency. The ULDM NRC exhibits similar behavior. Based on these observations, we outline a test procedure to discriminate between signal origins. Our method provides a new diagnostic tool for analyzing monochromatic signals in space-based GW interferometers, potentially expanding the scientific scope of future missions.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Probing Gravitational Quantum Field Theory through Polarization Fingerprints of Gravitational Waves

Gravitational Quantum Field Theory (GQFT) has been proposed as a candidate framework to reconcile general relativity with quantum field theory, and a distinctive imprint on gravitational-wave (GW) polarizations is crucially predicted. While general relativity allows only two tensor modes ($+, \times$), GQFT additionally favors a massless breathing scalar mode, providing a compelling yet largely unexplored observational target for testing quantum gravity. The central challenge is therefore to assess, in a mission-agnostic manner, how well future space-based interferometers can disentangle and detect these tensor and scalar polarization components across the sky. In this work, we develop a model-independent response formalism for LISA- and Taiji-like detectors by incorporating first-order orbital dynamics in the Solar System Barycenter frame. This framework yields three key observational consequences: (1) characteristic interference patterns between tensor and scalar modes, (2) a generalized, model-independent response function for the breathing mode, and (3) sky-position-dependent strategies that optimize detectability. We further translate the formalism into comprehensive polarization maps that provide complete sky coverage and remain fully compatible with existing mission designs, thereby circumventing the need for challenging direct breathing-mode measurements. Overall, our results deliver practical tools for future data analysis and establish a systematic avenue to test fundamental theories of gravity through their GW polarization fingerprints.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

Topological quantization of vector meson anomalous couplings

We identify an overlooked Wess--Zumino--Witten structure in the hidden-local-symmetry~(HLS) formulation of vector mesons. The newly identified term generically leads to the topological quantization of the vector-meson anomalous couplings. If confirmed experimentally, this structure would expose the gauge nature of vector mesons in the anomalous sector and single out HLS over matter-field descriptions. The observed success of vector-meson dominance in anomalous interactions can then be explained by topological-action saturation of the odd-intrinsic-parity processes. Precision measurements of $η^{(\prime)}\toπ^+π^-γ^*$ form factors at BESIII and the Super $τ$-Charm Facility can directly test this saturation picture.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Analytical Modeling of Far-Field Wavefront Error with Beam-Waist and Lateral-Shift Effects in Spaceborne Laser Interferometry

The coupling between far-field wavefront error (WFE) and laser pointing jitter is an important source of tilt-to-length (TTL) noise in spaceborne laser interferometric links. We extend the Nijboer--Zernike analytical model for far-field WFE of truncated Gaussian beams by incorporating two practical initial-condition parameters, the beam-waist-to-aperture ratio $q$ and the normalized lateral spot-shift ratio $s_r$, to account for realistic beam truncation and alignment conditions. Based on this model, we analyze the influence of $q$ on far-field WFE in addition to the conventional received-power trade-off, showing that decreasing $q$ from 1 to 0.9 and from 0.9 to 0.8 reduces the mean far-field WFE by approximately 10\% and 14\%, respectively, in Monte Carlo simulations of random initial aberrations. We also derive the direct contribution of lateral spot shift and its coupling with transmitted WFE (constrained to $λ/20$). For the normalized lateral spot-shift ratio $s_r$, a $2~μ\mathrm{m}$ entrance-pupil displacement in a Taiji-like telescope corresponds to $s_r=0.001$ and produces a phase-angle coupling coefficient of about $0.0892~\mathrm{pm/nrad}$, close to the typical far-field TTL requirement $0.1~\mathrm{pm/nrad}$, while the spot-shift--aberration coupling terms are much smaller and can be neglected in practical tolerance estimation. These results provide a theoretical basis for beam-parameter optimization and alignment tolerance design in future space-based gravitational-wave detection missions.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2026

Axial-anomaly effects and chiral phase structure in holographic QCD

We study the impact of axial-anomaly effects on the chiral phase structure in a $U(3)$-extended soft-wall holographic QCD model. Including the pseudoscalar singlet sector allows for a dynamical description of the $η$-$η^\prime$ system through a determinant interaction with a holographic-coordinate-dependent strength. Vacuum pseudoscalar observables, particularly the $η^\prime$ mass and the $η$-$η^\prime$ mixing pattern, constrain the overall magnitude of the anomaly contribution but leave its holographic profile largely undetermined. We then examine how different anomaly profiles consistent with vacuum phenomenology affect the finite-temperature chiral transition. Constructing the Columbia plot within this framework, we find that the predicted phase structure depends sensitively on the anomaly implementation: some profiles yield crossover/second-order behavior across the entire quark-mass plane, while others generate a first-order region in the light-quark corner. These results highlight the strong sensitivity of the holographic QCD phase structure to the modeling of axial-anomaly effects.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Theoretical Foundations of the General Standard Model: A Unified Framework for Particle Physics and Cosmology

We present a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the General Standard Model (GSM), a recently proposed framework that unifies particle physics and cosmology within the Gravitational Quantum Field Theory (GQFT). Constructed from first principles based exclusively on the intrinsic properties of leptons and quarks, the GSM reveals an enlarged gauge symmetry structure, WS$_{c}$(1,3)$\times$GS(1)$\times$Z$_2$, which extends beyond the conventional U$_Y$(1)$\times$SU$_L$(2)$\times$SU$_C$(3) symmetry of the Standard Model. Here, WS$_{c}$(1,3) = SP(1,3)$\rtimes$W$^{1,3}\rtimes$SP$_c$(1,1) emerges as the conformal inhomogeneous spin gauge symmetry. Within GQFT, the GSM provides a consistent unification of the Standard Model of particle physics with cosmological models. It incorporates the four known fundamental interactions, electromagnetic, weak, strong, and gravitational, plus the Higgs scalar interaction, and also predicts novel interactions. These include spin gauge, chirality boost-spin gauge, chiral conformal-spin gauge, and scaling gauge forces, as well as additional scalar interactions. Furthermore, the GSM offers profound insights into the nature of gravity and spacetime and elucidates key mysteries of the dark side of the universe, such as the origins of dark matter, the dynamics of dark energy, and the physics of the early inflationary epoch. By establishing a new theoretical bridge between quantum field theory and general relativity, the GSM opens novel pathways for addressing long-standing challenges in fundamental physics. It provides a unified description of both fundamental interactions and cosmic evolution.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2025

Phase structure of 2+1-flavor QCD from an Einstein-dilaton-flavor holographic model

We construct a holographic QCD model based on the Einstein--dilaton--flavor framework with 2+1 flavors and investigate its phase structure using machine-learning techniques. At zero chemical potential, the model reproduces the equation of state and chiral transition in quantitative agreement with lattice QCD results. By varying the light and strange quark masses, we map out the quark-mass dependence of the transition order and obtain the corresponding phase diagram, which is consistent with phase structures extracted from lattice simulations and other nonperturbative approaches. In particular, the predicted first-order region is found to be small, in line with the most recent lattice QCD analyses. We also examine the critical behavior along the second-order boundaries and the tricritical region, finding that the critical exponents exhibit mean-field scaling characteristic of classical holographic constructions. Integrating machine learning with holographic QCD significantly enhances the efficiency of parameter optimization, providing a robust and practical strategy for improving the predictive power of holographic modeling of QCD thermodynamics.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

Toward a holographic realization of the 2+1-flavor QCD phase structure

We present a fully back-reacted Einstein--Maxwell--Dilaton--flavor model with dynamical light and strange sectors, calibrated to lattice QCD using a machine-learning--assisted spectral method. The model reproduces the 2+1-flavor equation of state and chiral dynamics with quantitative accuracy, and maps the Columbia plot with a tri-critical point at $m_s^{\mathrm{tri}} \simeq 21~\text{MeV}$ and a critical mass $m_c \simeq 0.785~\text{MeV}$, consistent with lattice results. At finite density, it yields a crossover-to-first-order transition and predicts a critical endpoint at $T_C = 75.4~\text{MeV}$ and $μ_C = 768~\text{MeV}$, within the reach of heavy-ion experiments. These findings establish a unified holographic framework for the QCD phase structure across quark masses and baryon density, providing the first consistent and quantitative description of both deconfinement and chiral transitions within a single holographic model.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

Gravitational wave cosmology

Gravitational waves (GWs) originating from cosmological sources offer direct insights into the physics of the primordial Universe, the fundamental nature of gravity, and the cosmic expansion of the Universe. In this review paper, we present a comprehensive overview of our recent advances in GW cosmology, supported by the national key research and development program of China, focusing on cosmological GW sources and their implications for fundamental physics and cosmology. We first discuss the generation mechanisms and characteristics of stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds generated by physical processes occurred in the early Universe, including those from inflation, phase transitions, and topological defects, and summarize current and possible future constraints from pulsar timing array and space-based detectors. Next, we explore the formation and observational prospects of primordial black holes as GW sources and their potential connection to dark matter. We then analyze how GWs are affected by large-scale structure, cosmological perturbations, and possible modifications of gravity on GW propagation, and how these effects can be used to test fundamental symmetry of gravity. Finally, we discuss the application of GW standard sirens in measuring the Hubble constant, the expansion history, and dark energy parameters, including their combination with electromagnetic observations. These topics together show how GW observations, especially with upcoming space-based detectors, such as LISA, Taiji, and Tianqin, can provide new information about the physics of the early Universe, cosmological evolution, and the nature of gravity.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

White Dwarf Structure and Binary Inspiral Gravitational Waves from Quantum Hadrodynamics

White dwarfs, one of the compact objects in the universe, play a crucial role in astrophysical research and provide a platform for exploring nuclear physics. In this work, we extend the relativistic mean field approach by using a Walecka-type quantum hadrodynamics model to capture the intricate structure of white dwarfs. We calculate nuclear properties, Coulomb energy, and photon energy within white dwarfs in a unified framework. By carefully calibrating the model parameters to align with nuclear matter properties, we successfully reproduce the structures of several elements in white dwarfs, such as the isotopes of $\rm C$ and $^{16}\rm O$, except for the unnaturally deeply bound state $^4$He. Furthermore, we predict the characteristics of white dwarfs composed of atom-like units and the gravitational waves stemming from binary white dwarf inspirals incorporating tidal deformability contributions up to the 2.5 post-Newtonian order. These results shed light on the structure of white dwarfs and provide valuable information for future gravitational wave detection. This methodological advancement allows for a cohesive analysis of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and the nuclear pasta within a unified theoretical framework.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2025

Gravitization Equation and Zero Energy Momentum Tensor Theorem with Cancellation Law in Gravitational Quantum Field Theory

We investigate the essential properties of gravitational quantum field theory (GQFT) based on spin gauge symmetry, using the general theory of quantum electrodynamics as an example. A constraint equation for the field strength of the gravigauge field is derived, serving as a gravitization equation within the spin-related gravigauge spacetime. This equation reveals how gravitational effects emerge from the non-commutative relation of the gravigauge derivative operator. By transmuting the action from gravigauge spacetime to Minkowski spacetime, we demonstrate that translational invariance results in a vanishing energy-momentum tensor in GQFT when the equations of motion are applied to all fundamental fields, including the gravigauge field. This extends the conservation law of the energy-momentum tensor in quantum field theory to a cancellation law of the energy-momentum tensor in GQFT. As a result, an equivalence between the general gravitational equation and the zero energy-momentum tensor theorem naturally arises in GQFT. Certain aspects of the Poincaré gauge theory are also briefly discussed. Furthermore, a GQFT incorporating the Chern-Simons action in three-dimensional spacetime is developed, based on the inhomogeneous spin gauge symmetry WS(1,2) and the global Poincaré symmetry PO(1,2). This framework provides a basis for exploring its connection to Witten's perspective on three-dimensional gravity.

physics.gen-ph↗