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Yuichiro Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to Yuichiro Fujiwara.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Asymptotic Rate Bounds and Constructions for the Inclusive Variant of Disjunct Matrices

Disjunct matrices, also known as cover-free families and superimposed codes, are combinatorial arrays widely used in group testing. Among their variants, those that satisfy an additional combinatorial property called inclusiveness form a special class suitable for computationally efficient and highly error-tolerant group testing under the general inhibitor complex model, a broad framework that subsumes practical settings such as DNA screening. Despite this relevance, the asymptotic behavior of the inclusive variant of disjunct matrices has remained largely unexplored. In particular, it was not previously known whether this variant can achieve an asymptotically positive rate, a requirement for scalable group testing designs. In this work, we establish the first nontrivial asymptotic lower bound on the maximum achievable rate of the inclusive variant, which matches the strongest known upper bound up to a logarithmic factor. Our proof is based on the probabilistic method and yields a simple and efficient randomized construction. Furthermore, we derandomize this construction to obtain a deterministic polynomial-time construction. These results clarify the asymptotic potential of robust and scalable group testing under the general inhibitor complex model.

cs.IT

Weak Superimposed Codes of Improved Asymptotic Rate and Their Randomized Construction

Weak superimposed codes are combinatorial structures related closely to generalized cover-free families, superimposed codes, and disjunct matrices in that they are only required to satisfy similar but less stringent conditions. This class of codes may also be seen as a stricter variant of what are known as locally thin families in combinatorics. Originally, weak superimposed codes were introduced in the context of multimedia content protection against illegal distribution of copies under the assumption that a coalition of malicious users may employ the averaging attack with adversarial noise. As in many other kinds of codes in information theory, it is of interest and importance in the study of weak superimposed codes to find the highest achievable rate in the asymptotic regime and give an efficient construction that produces an infinite sequence of codes that achieve it. Here, we prove a tighter lower bound than the sharpest known one on the rate of optimal weak superimposed codes and give a polynomial-time randomized construction algorithm for codes that asymptotically attain our improved bound with high probability. Our probabilistic approach is versatile and applicable to many other related codes and arrays.

cs.IT

The Asymptotics of Difference Systems of Sets for Synchronization and Phase Detection

We settle the problem of determining the asymptotic behavior of the parameters of optimal difference systems of sets, or DSSes for short, which were originally introduced for computationally efficient frame synchronization under the presence of additive noise. We prove that the lowest achievable redundancy of a DSS asymptotically attains Levenshtein's lower bound for any alphabet size and relative index, answering the question of Levenshtein posed in 1971. Our proof is probabilistic and gives a linear-time randomized algorithm for constructing asymptotically optimal DSSes with high probability for any alphabet size and information rate. This provides efficient self-synchronizing codes with strong noise resilience. We also point out an application of DSSes to phase detection.

cs.IT

On the Maximum Number of Codewords of X-Codes of Constant Weight Three

X-codes form a special class of linear maps which were originally introduced for data compression in VLSI testing and are also known to give special parity-check matrices for linear codes suitable for error-erasure channels. In the context of circuit testing, an $(m, n, d, x)$ X-code compresses $n$-bit output data $R$ from the circuit under test into $m$ bits, while allowing for detecting the existence of an up to $d$-bit-wise anomaly in $R$ even if up to $x$ bits of the original uncompressed $R$ are unknowable to the tester. Using probabilistic combinatorics, we give a nontrivial lower bound for any $d \geq 2$ on the maximum number $n$ of codewords such that an $(m, n, d, 2)$ X-code of constant weight $3$ exists. This is the first result that shows the existence of an infinite sequence of X-codes whose compaction ratio tends to infinity for any fixed $d$ under severe weight restrictions. We also give a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm that produces X-codes that achieve our bound.

cs.IT

Bounds on Separating Redundancy of Linear Codes and Rates of X-Codes

An error-erasure channel is a simple noise model that introduces both errors and erasures. While the two types of errors can be corrected simultaneously with error-correcting codes, it is also known that any linear code allows for first correcting errors and then erasures in two-step decoding. In particular, a carefully designed parity-check matrix not only allows for separating erasures from errors but also makes it possible to efficiently correct erasures. The separating redundancy of a linear code is the number of parity-check equations in a smallest parity-check matrix that has the required property for this error-erasure separation. In a sense, it is a parameter of a linear code that represents the minimum overhead for efficiently separating erasures from errors. While several bounds on separating redundancy are known, there still remains a wide gap between upper and lower bounds except for a few limited cases. In this paper, using probabilistic combinatorics and design theory, we improve both upper and lower bounds on separating redundancy. We also show a relation between parity-check matrices for error-erasure separation and special matrices, called X-codes, for data compaction circuits in VLSI testing. This leads to an exponentially improved bound on the size of an optimal X-code.

cs.IT

Probabilistic bounds on the trapping redundancy of linear codes

The trapping redundancy of a linear code is the number of rows of a smallest parity-check matrix such that no submatrix forms an $(a,b)$-trapping set. This concept was first introduced in the context of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes in an attempt to estimate the number of redundant rows in a parity-check matrix suitable for iterative decoding. Essentially the same concepts appear in other contexts as well such as robust syndrome extraction for quantum error correction. Among the known upper bounds on the trapping redundancy, the strongest one was proposed by employing a powerful tool in probabilistic combinatorics, called the Lovász Local Lemma. Unfortunately, the proposed proof invoked this tool in a situation where an assumption made in the lemma does not necessarily hold. Hence, although we do not doubt that nonetheless the proposed bound actually holds, for it to be a mathematical theorem, a more rigorous proof is desired. Another disadvantage of the proposed bound is that it is only applicable to $(a,b)$-trapping sets with rather small $a$. Here, we give a more general and sharper upper bound on trapping redundancy by making mathematically more rigorous use of probabilistic combinatorics without relying on the lemma. Our bound is applicable to all potentially avoidable $(a,b)$-trapping sets with $a$ smaller than the minimum distance of a given linear code, while being generally much sharper than the bound through the Lovász Local Lemma. In fact, our upper bound is sharp enough to exactly determine the trapping redundancy for many cases, thereby providing precise knowledge in the form of a more general bound with mathematical rigor.

cs.IT

A combinatorial approach to X-tolerant compaction circuits

Test response compaction for integrated circuits (ICs) with scan-based design-for-testability (DFT) support in the presence of unknown logic values (Xs) is investigated from a combinatorial viewpoint. The theoretical foundations of X-codes, employed in an X-tolerant compaction technique called X-compact, are examined. Through the formulation of a combinatorial model of X-compact, novel design techniques are developed for X-codes to detect a specified maximum number of errors in the presence of a specified maximum number of unknown logic values, while requiring only small fan-out. The special class of X-codes that results leads to an avoidance problem for configurations in combinatorial designs. General design methods and nonconstructive existence theorems to estimate the compaction ratio of an optimal X-compactor are also derived.

cs.IT

High-rate quantum low-density parity-check codes assisted by reliable qubits

Quantum error correction is an important building block for reliable quantum information processing. A challenging hurdle in the theory of quantum error correction is that it is significantly more difficult to design error-correcting codes with desirable properties for quantum information processing than for traditional digital communications and computation. A typical obstacle to constructing a variety of strong quantum error-correcting codes is the complicated restrictions imposed on the structure of a code. Recently, promising solutions to this problem have been proposed in quantum information science, where in principle any binary linear code can be turned into a quantum error-correcting code by assuming a small number of reliable quantum bits. This paper studies how best to take advantage of these latest ideas to construct desirable quantum error-correcting codes of very high information rate. Our methods exploit structured high-rate low-density parity-check codes available in the classical domain and provide quantum analogues that inherit their characteristic low decoding complexity and high error correction performance even at moderate code lengths. Our approach to designing high-rate quantum error-correcting codes also allows for making direct use of other major syndrome decoding methods for linear codes, making it possible to deal with a situation where promising quantum analogues of low-density parity-check codes are difficult to find.

quant-ph

Ability of stabilizer quantum error correction to protect itself from its own imperfection

The theory of stabilizer quantum error correction allows us to actively stabilize quantum states and simulate ideal quantum operations in a noisy environment. It is critical is to correctly diagnose noise from its syndrome and nullify it accordingly. However, hardware that performs quantum error correction itself is inevitably imperfect in practice. Here, we show that stabilizer codes possess a built-in capability of correcting errors not only on quantum information but also on faulty syndromes extracted by themselves. Shor's syndrome extraction for fault-tolerant quantum computation is naturally improved. This opens a path to realizing the potential of stabilizer quantum error correction hidden within an innocent looking choice of generators and stabilizer operators that have been deemed redundant.

quant-ph

Quantum synchronizable codes from finite geometries

Quantum synchronizable error-correcting codes are special quantum error-correcting codes that are designed to correct both the effect of quantum noise on qubits and misalignment in block synchronization. It is known that in principle such a code can be constructed through a combination of a classical linear code and its subcode if the two are both cyclic and dual-containing. However, finding such classical codes that lead to promising quantum synchronizable error-correcting codes is not a trivial task. In fact, although there are two families of classical codes that are proved to produce quantum synchronizable codes with good minimum distances and highest possible tolerance against misalignment, their code lengths have been restricted to primes and Mersenne numbers. In this paper, examining the incidence vectors of projective spaces over the finite fields of characteristic $2$, we give quantum synchronizable codes from cyclic codes whose lengths are not primes or Mersenne numbers. These projective geometric codes achieve good performance in quantum error correction and possess the best possible ability to recover synchronization, thereby enriching the variety of good quantum synchronizable codes. We also extend the current knowledge of cyclic codes in classical coding theory by explicitly giving generator polynomials of the finite geometric codes and completely characterizing the minimum weight nonzero codewords. In addition to the codes based on projective spaces, we carry out a similar analysis on the well-known cyclic codes from Euclidean spaces that are known to be majority logic decodable and determine their exact minimum distances.

quant-ph

Quantum Synchronizable Codes From Quadratic Residue Codes and Their Supercodes

Quantum synchronizable codes are quantum error-correcting codes designed to correct the effects of both quantum noise and block synchronization errors. While it is known that quantum synchronizable codes can be constructed from cyclic codes that satisfy special properties, only a few classes of cyclic codes have been proved to give promising quantum synchronizable codes. In this paper, using quadratic residue codes and their supercodes, we give a simple construction for quantum synchronizable codes whose synchronization capabilities attain the upper bound. The method is applicable to cyclic codes of prime length.

cs.IT

Using arbitrary parity-check matrices for quantum error correction assisted by less noisy qubits

Recently a framework for assisted quantum error correction was proposed in which a specific type of error is allowed to occur on auxiliary qubits, which is in contrast to standard entanglement assistance that requires noiseless auxiliary qubits. However, while the framework maintains the ability to import any binary or quaternary linear code without sacrificing active error correction power, it requires the code designer to turn a parity-check matrix of the underlying classical code into an equivalent one in standard form. This means that classical coding theoretic techniques that require parity-check matrices to be in specific form may not fully be exploitable. Another issue of the recently proposed scheme is that the error correction capabilities for bit errors and phase errors are generally equal, which is not ideal for asymmetric error models. This paper addresses these two problems. We generalize the framework in such a way that any parity-check matrix of any binary or quaternary linear code can be exploited. Our generalization also allows for importing a pair of distinct linear codes so that error correction capabilities become suitably asymmetric.

quant-ph

Instantaneous Quantum Channel Estimation during Quantum Information Processing

We present a nonintrusive method for reliably estimating the noise level during quantum computation and quantum communication protected by quantum error-correcting codes. As preprocessing of quantum error correction, our scheme estimates the current noise level through a negligible amount of classical computation using error syndromes and updates the decoder's knowledge on the spot before inferring the locations of errors. This preprocessing requires no additional quantum interaction or modification in the system. The estimate can be of higher quality than the maximum likelihood estimate based on perfect knowledge of channel parameters, thereby eliminating the need of the unrealistic assumption that the decoder accurately knows channel parameters a priori. Simulations demonstrate that not only can the decoder pick up on a change of channel parameters, but even if the channel stays the same, a quantum low-density parity-check code can perform better when the decoder exploits the on-the-spot estimates instead of the true error probabilities of the quantum channel.

quant-ph

Parsing a sequence of qubits

We develop a theoretical framework for frame synchronization, also known as block synchronization, in the quantum domain which makes it possible to attach classical and quantum metadata to quantum information over a noisy channel even when the information source and sink are frame-wise asynchronous. This eliminates the need of frame synchronization at the hardware level and allows for parsing qubit sequences during quantum information processing. Our framework exploits binary constant-weight codes that are self-synchronizing. Possible applications may include asynchronous quantum communication such as a self-synchronizing quantum network where one can hop into the channel at any time, catch the next coming quantum information with a label indicating the sender, and reply by routing her quantum information with control qubits for quantum switches all without assuming prior frame synchronization between users.

quant-ph

Algebraic techniques in designing quantum synchronizable codes

Quantum synchronizable codes are quantum error-correcting codes that can correct the effects of quantum noise as well as block synchronization errors. We improve the previously known general framework for designing quantum synchronizable codes through more extensive use of the theory of finite fields. This makes it possible to widen the range of tolerable magnitude of block synchronization errors while giving mathematical insight into the algebraic mechanism of synchronization recovery. Also given are families of quantum synchronizable codes based on punctured Reed-Muller codes and their ambient spaces.

quant-ph

Self-synchronizing pulse position modulation with error tolerance

Pulse position modulation (PPM) is a popular signal modulation technique which creates M-ary data by means of the position of a pulse within a time interval. While PPM and its variations have great advantages in many contexts, this type of modulation is vulnerable to loss of synchronization, potentially causing a severe error floor or throughput penalty even when little or no noise is assumed. Another disadvantage is that this type of modulation typically offers no error correction mechanism on its own, making them sensitive to intersymbol interference and environmental noise. In this paper we propose a coding theoretic variation of PPM that allows for significantly more efficient symbol and frame synchronization as well as strong error correction. The proposed scheme can be divided into a synchronization layer and a modulation layer. This makes our technique compatible with major existing techniques such as standard PPM, multipluse PPM, and expurgated PPM as well in that the scheme can be realized by adding a simple synchronization layer to one of these standard techniques. We also develop a generalization of expurgated PPM suited for the modulation layer of the proposed self-synchronizing modulation scheme. This generalized PPM can also be used as stand-alone error-correcting PPM with a larger number of available symbols.

cs.IT

Quantum error correction via less noisy qubits

Known quantum error correction schemes are typically able to take advantage of only a limited class of classical error-correcting codes. Entanglement-assisted quantum error correction is a partial solution which made it possible to exploit any classical linear codes over the binary or quaternary finite field. However, the known entanglement-assisted scheme requires noiseless qubits that help correct quantum errors on noisy qubits, which can be too severe an assumption. We prove that a more relaxed and realistic assumption is sufficient by presenting encoding and decoding operations assisted by qubits on which quantum errors of one particular kind may occur. As in entanglement assistance, our scheme can import any binary or quaternary linear codes. If the auxiliarly qubits are noiseless, our codes become entanglement-assisted codes, and saturate the quantum Singleton bound when the underlying classical codes are maximum distance separable.

quant-ph

Block synchronization for quantum information

Locating the boundaries of consecutive blocks of quantum information is a fundamental building block for advanced quantum computation and quantum communication systems. We develop a coding theoretic method for properly locating boundaries of quantum information without relying on external synchronization when block synchronization is lost. The method also protects qubits from decoherence in a manner similar to conventional quantum error-correcting codes, seamlessly achieving synchronization recovery and error correction. A family of quantum codes that are simultaneously synchronizable and error-correcting is given through this approach.

quant-ph