arXiv subjects

Yuki Sugiura

Publications and source records attributed to Yuki Sugiura.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Rapid X-ray Variability in Mkn 421 during a Multiwavelength Campaign

The study of short-term variability properties in AGN jets has the potential to shed light on their particle acceleration and emission mechanisms. We report results from a four-day coordinated multi-wavelength campaign on the highly-peaked blazar (HBL) Mkn 421 in 2019 January. We obtained X-ray data from AstroSAT, BVRI photometry with the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), and TeV data from FACT to explore short-term multi-wavelength variability in this HBL. The X-ray continuum is rapidly variable on time-scales of tens of ks. Fractional variability amplitude increases with energy across the synchrotron hump, consistent with previous studies; we interpret this observation in the context of a model with multiple cells whose emission spectra contain cutoffs that follow a power-law distribution. We also performed time-averaged and time-resolved (time-scales of 6 ks) spectral fits; a broken power-law model fits all spectra well; time-resolved spectral fitting reveals the usual hardening when brightening behaviour. Intra-X-ray cross correlations yield evidence for the 0.6-0.8 keV band to likely lead the other bands by an average of 4.6 +- 2.6 ks, but only during the first half of the observation. The source displayed minimal night-to-night variability at all wavebands thus precluding significant interband correlations during our campaign. The broadband SED is modeled well with a standard one-zone leptonic model, yielding jet parameters consistent with those obtained from previous SEDs of this source.

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arXiv2021

ASASSN-18aan: An Eclipsing SU UMa-type Cataclysmic Variable with a 3.6-hour Orbital Period and a Late G-type Secondary Star

We report photometric and spectroscopic observations of the eclipsing SU UMa-type dwarf nova ASASSN-18aan. We observed the 2018 superoutburst with 2.3 mag brightening and found the orbital period ($P_{\rm orb}$) to be 0.149454(3) d, or 3.59 hr. This is longward of the period gap, establishing ASASSN-18aan as one of a small number of long-$P_{\rm orb}$ SU UMa-type dwarf novae. The estimated mass ratio, ($q=M_2/M_1 = 0.278(1)$), is almost identical to the upper limit of tidal instability by the 3:1 resonance. From eclipses, we found that the accretion disk at the onset of the superoutburst may reach the 3:1 resonance radius, suggesting that the superoutburst of ASASSN-18aan results from the tidal instability. Considering the case of long-$P_{\rm orb}$ WZ Sge-type dwarf novae, we suggest that the tidal dissipation at the tidal truncation radius is enough to induce SU UMa-like behavior in relatively high-$q$ systems such as SU UMa-type dwarf novae, but that this is no longer effective in low-$q$ systems such as WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. The unusual nature of the system extends to the secondary star, for which we find a spectral type of G9, much earlier than typical for the orbital period, and a secondary mass $M_2$ of around 0.18 M$_{\odot}$, smaller than expected for the orbital period and the secondary's spectral type. We also see indications of enhanced sodium abundance in the secondary's spectrum. Anomalously hot secondaries are seen in a modest number of other CVs and related objects. These systems evidently underwent significant nuclear evolution before the onset of mass transfer. In the case of ASASSN-18aan, this apparently resulted in a mass ratio lower than typically found at the system's $P_{\rm orb}$, which may account for the occurrence of a superoutburst at this relatively long period.

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arXiv2020

Multi-wavelength photometry during the 2018 superoutburst of the WZ Sge-type dwarf nova EG Cancri

We report on the multi-wavelength photometry of the 2018 superoutburst in EG Cnc. We have detected stage A superhumps and long-lasting late-stage superhumps via the optical photometry and have constrained the binary mass ratio and its possible range. The median value of the mass ratio is 0.048 and the upper limit is 0.057, which still implies that EG Cnc is one of the possible candidates for the period bouncer. This object also showed multiple rebrightenings in this superoutburst, which are the same as those in its previous superoutburst in 1996--1997 despite the difference in the main superoutburst. This would represent that the rebrightening type is inherent to each object and is independent of the initial disk mass at the beginning of superoutbursts. We also found that $B-I$ and $J-K_{\rm S}$ colors were unusually red just before the rebrightening phase and became bluer during the quiescence between rebrightenings, which would mean that the low-temperature mass reservoir at the outermost disk accreted with time after the main superoutburst. Also, the ultraviolet flux was sensitive to rebrightenings as well as the optical flux, and the $U-B$ color became redder during the rebrightening phase, which would indicate that the inner disk became cooler when this object repeated rebrightenings. Our results thus basically support the idea that the cool mass reservoir in the outermost disk is responsible for rebrightenings.

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arXiv2019

IW And-Type State in IM Eridani

IW And stars are a recently recognized group of dwarf novae which are characterized by a repeated sequence of brightening from a standstill-like phase with damping oscillations followed by a deep dip. Kimura et al. (2019) recently proposed a model based on thermal-viscous disk instability in a tilted disk to reproduce the IW And-type characteristics. IM Eri experienced the IW And-type phase in 2018 and we recorded three cycles of the (damping) oscillation phase terminated by brightening. We identified two periods during the IW And-type state: 4-5 d small-amplitude (often damping) oscillations and a 34-43 d long cycle. This behavior is typical for an IW And-type star. The object gradually brightened within the long cycle before the next brightening which terminated the (damping) oscillation phase. This observation agrees with the increasing disk mass during the long cycle predicted by a model of thermal-viscous disk instability in a tilted disk (Kimura et al. 2019). We, however, did not succeed in detecting negative superhumps, which are considered to be the signature of a tilted disk.

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arXiv2019

Discovery of Standstills in the SU UMa-Type Dwarf Nova NY Serpentis

We found that the SU UMa-type dwarf nova NY Ser in the period gap [orbital period 0.097558(6) d] showed standstills twice in 2018. This is the first clear demonstration of a standstill occurring between superoutbursts of an SU UMa-type dwarf nova. There was no sign of superhumps during the standstill, and at least one superoutburst directly started from the standstill. This provides strong evidence that the 3:1 resonance was excited during standstills. This phenomenon indicates that the disk radius can grow during standstills. We also interpret that the condition close to the limit of the tidal instability caused early quenching of superoutbursts, which resulted substantial amount of matter left in the disk after the superoutburst. We interpret that the substantial matter in the disk in condition close to the limit of the tidal instability is responsible for standstills (as in the high mass-transfer system NY Ser) or multiple rebrightenings (as in the low mass-transfer system V1006 Cyg).

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arXiv2018

On the Nature of Long-Period Dwarf Novae with Rare and Low-Amplitude Outbursts

There are several peculiar long-period dwarf-nova like objects, which show rare, low-amplitude outbursts with highly ionized emission lines. 1SWASP J162117$+$441254, BD Pav, and V364 Lib belong to this kind of objects. Some researchers even doubt whether 1SWASP J1621 and V364 Lib have the same nature as normal dwarf novae. We studied the peculiar outbursts in these three objects via our optical photometry and spectroscopy, and performed numerical modeling of their orbital variations to investigate their properties. We found that their outbursts lasted for a long interval (a few tens of days), and that slow rises in brightness were commonly observed during the early stage of their outbursts. Our analyses and numerical modeling suggest that 1SWASP J1621 has a very high inclination, close to 90 deg, plus a faint hot spot. Although BD Pav seems to have a slightly lower inclination ($\sim$75 deg), the other properties are similar to those in 1SWASP J1621. On the other hand, V364 Lib appears to have a massive white dwarf, a hot companion star, and a low inclination ($\sim$35 deg). In addition, these three objects possibly have low transfer rate and/or large disks originating from the long orbital periods. We find that these properties of the three objects can explain their infrequent and low-amplitude outbursts within the context of the disk instability model in normal dwarf novae without strong magnetic field. In addition, we suggest that the highly-ionized emission lines in outburst are observed due to a high inclination and/or a massive white dwarf. More instances of this class of object may be unrecognized, since their unremarkable outbursts can be easily overlooked.

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arXiv2018

Rapid Optical Variations Correlated with X-rays in the 2015 Second Outburst of V404 Cygni (GS 2023$+$338)

We present optical multi-colour photometry of V404 Cyg during the outburst from December, 2015 to January, 2016 together with the simultaneous X-ray data. This outburst occurred less than 6 months after the previous outburst in June-July, 2015. These two outbursts in 2015 were of a slow rise and rapid decay-type and showed large-amplitude ($\sim$2 mag) and short-term ($\sim$10 min-3 hours) optical variations even at low luminosity (0.01-0.1$L_{\rm Edd}$). We found correlated optical and X-ray variations in two $\sim$1 hour time intervals and performed Bayesian time delay estimations between them. In the previous version, the observation times of X-ray light curves were measured at the satellite and their system of times was Terrestrial Time (TT), while those of optical light curves were measured at the Earth and their system of times was Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). In this version, we have corrected the observation times and obtained a Bayesian estimate of an optical delay against the X-ray emission, which is $\sim$30 s, during those two intervals. In addition, the relationship between the optical and X-ray luminosity was $L_{\rm opt} \propto L_{\rm X}^{0.25-0.29}$ at that time. These features can be naturally explained by disc reprocessing.

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arXiv2017

Survey of Period Variations of Superhumps in SU UMa-Type Dwarf Novae. IX: The Ninth Year (2016-2017)

Continuing the project described by Kato et al. (2009, arXiv:0905.1757), we collected times of superhump maxima for 127 SU UMa-type dwarf novae observed mainly during the 2016--2017 season and characterized these objects. We provide updated statistics of relation between the orbital period and the variation of superhumps, the relation between period variations and the rebrightening type in WZ Sge-type objects. We obtained the period minimum of 0.05290(2)d and confirmed the presence of the period gap above the orbital period ~0.09d. We note that four objects (NY Her, 1RXS J161659.5+620014, CRTS J033349.8-282244 and SDSS J153015.04+094946.3) have supercycles shorter than 100d but show infrequent normal outbursts. We consider that these objects are similar to V503 Cyg, whose normal outbursts are likely suppressed by a disk tilt. These four objects are excellent candidates to search for negative superhumps. DDE 48 appears to be a member of ER UMa-type dwarf novae. We identified a new eclipsing SU UMa-type object MASTER OT J220559.40-341434.9. We observed 21 WZ Sge-type dwarf novae during this interval and reported 18 out of them in this paper. Among them, ASASSN-16js is a good candidate for a period bouncer. ASASSN-16ia showed a precursor outburst for the first time in a WZ Sge-type superoutburst. ASASSN-16kg, CRTS J000130.5+050624 and SDSS J113551.09+532246.2 are located in the period gap. We have newly obtained 15 orbital periods, including periods from early superhumps.

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arXiv2016

Superoutburst of WZ Sge-type Dwarf Nova Below the Period Minimum: ASASSN-15po

We report on a superoutburst of a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova (DN), ASASSN-15po. The light curve showed the main superoutburst and multiple rebrightenings. In this outburst, we observed early superhumps and growing (stage A) superhumps with periods of 0.050454(2) and 0.051809(13) d, respectively. We estimated that the mass ratio of secondary to primary ($q$) is 0.0699(8) by using $P_{\rm orb}$ and a superhump period $P_{\rm SH}$ of stage A. ASASSN-15po [$P_{\rm orb} \sim$ 72.6 min] is the first DN with the orbital period between 67--76 min. Although the theoretical predicted period minimum $P_{\rm min}$ of hydrogen-rich cataclysmic variables (CVs) is about 65--70 min, the observational cut-off of the orbital period distribution at 80 min implies that the period minimum is about 82 min, and the value is widely accepted. We suggest the following four possibilities: the object is (1) a theoretical period minimum object (2) a binary with a evolved secondary (3) a binary with a metal-poor (Popullation II) seconday (4) a binary which was born with a brown-dwarf donor below the period minimum.

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arXiv2016

RZ Leonis Minoris Bridging between ER Ursae Majoris-Type Dwarf Nova and Novalike System

We observed RZ LMi, which is renowned for the extremely (~19d) short supercycle and is a member of a small, unusual class of cataclysmic variables called ER UMa-type dwarf novae, in 2013 and 2016. In 2016, the supercycles of this object substantially lengthened in comparison to the previous measurements to 35, 32, 60d for three consecutive superoutbursts. We consider that the object virtually experienced a transition to the novalike state (permanent superhumper). This observed behavior extremely well reproduced the prediction of the thermal-tidal instability model. We detected a precursor in the 2016 superoutburst and detected growing (stage A) superhumps with a mean period of 0.0602(1)d in 2016 and in 2013. Combined with the period of superhumps immediately after the superoutburst, the mass ratio is not as small as in WZ Sge-type dwarf novae, having orbital periods similar to RZ LMi. By using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) two-dimensional power spectra, we detected possible negative superhumps with a period of 0.05710(1)d. We estimated the orbital period of 0.05792d, which suggests a mass ratio of 0.105(5). This relatively large mass ratio is even above ordinary SU UMa-type dwarf novae, and it is also possible that the exceptionally high mass-transfer rate in RZ LMi may be a result of a stripped core evolved secondary which are evolving toward an AM CVn-type object.

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arXiv2016

Repetitive Patterns in Rapid Optical Variations in the Nearby Black-hole Binary V404 Cygni

How black holes accrete surrounding matter is a fundamental, yet unsolved question in astrophysics. It is generally believed that matter is absorbed into black holes via accretion disks, the state of which depends primarily on the mass-accretion rate. When this rate approaches the critical rate (the Eddington limit), thermal instability is supposed to occur in the inner disc, causing repetitive patterns of large-amplitude X-ray variability (oscillations) on timescales of minutes to hours. In fact, such oscillations have been observed only in sources with a high mass accretion rate, such as GRS 1915+105. These large-amplitude, relatively slow timescale, phenomena are thought to have physical origins distinct from X-ray or optical variations with small amplitudes and fast ($\lesssim$10 sec) timescales often observed in other black hole binaries (e.g., XTE J1118+480 and GX 339-4). Here we report an extensive multi-colour optical photometric data set of V404 Cygni, an X-ray transient source containing a black hole of nine solar masses (and a conpanion star) at a distance of 2.4 kiloparsecs. Our data show that optical oscillations on timescales of 100 seconds to 2.5 hours can occur at mass-accretion rates more than ten times lower than previously thought. This suggests that the accretion rate is not the critical parameter for inducing inner-disc instabilities. Instead, we propose that a long orbital period is a key condition for these large-amplitude oscillations, because the outer part of the large disc in binaries with long orbital periods will have surface densities too low to maintain sustained mass accretion to the inner part of the disc. The lack of sustained accretion -- not the actual rate -- would then be the critical factor causing large-amplitude oscillations in long-period systems.

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arXiv2016

Survey of Period Variations of Superhumps in SU UMa-Type Dwarf Novae. VIII: The Eighth Year (2015-2016)

Continuing the project described by Kato et al. (2009, arXiv:0905.1757), we collected times of superhump maxima for 128 SU UMa-type dwarf novae observed mainly during the 2015-2016 season and characterized these objects. The data have improved the distribution of orbital periods, the relation between the orbital period and the variation of superhumps, the relation between period variations and the rebrightening type in WZ Sge-type objects. Coupled with new measurements of mass ratios using growing stages of superhumps, we now have a clearer and statistically greatly improved evolutionary path near the terminal stage of evolution of cataclysmic variables. Three objects (V452 Cas, KK Tel, ASASSN-15cl) appear to have slowly growing superhumps, which is proposed to reflect the slow growth of the 3:1 resonance near the stability border. ASASSN-15sl, ASASSN-15ux, SDSS J074859.55+312512.6 and CRTS J200331.3-284941 are newly identified eclipsing SU UMa-type (or WZ Sge-type) dwarf novae. ASASSN-15cy has a short (~0.050 d) superhump period and appears to belong to EI Psc-type objects with compact secondaries having an evolved core. ASASSN-15gn, ASASSN-15hn, ASASSN-15kh and ASASSN-16bu are candidate period bouncers with superhump periods longer than 0.06 d. We have newly obtained superhump periods for 79 objects and 13 orbital periods, including periods from early superhumps. In order that the future observations will be more astrophysically beneficial and rewarding to observers, we propose guidelines how to organize observations of various superoutbursts.

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arXiv2016

Superoutburst of CR Bootis: Estimation of Mass Ratio of a typical AM CVn star by Stage A Superhumps

We report on two superoutbursts of the AM CVn-type object CR Boo in 2014 April--March and 2015 May--June. A precursor outburst acompanied both of these superoutbursts. During the rising branch of the main superoutburst in 2014, we detected growing superhumps (stage A superhumps) whose period was $0.017669(24)$ d. Assuming that this period reflects the dynamical precession rate at the radius of the 3:1 resonance, we could estimate the mass ratio ($q=M_2/M_1$) of 0.101(4) by using the stage A superhump period and the orbital one of 0.0170290(6) d. This mass ratio is consistent with that expected by the theoretical evolutionary model of AM CVn-type objects. The detection of precursor outbursts and stage A superhumps is the second case in AM CVn-type objects. There are two interpretations of the outbursts of AM CVn-type objects. One is a dwarf nova (DN) outbursts analogy, which is caused by thermal and tidal instabilities. Another is the VY Scl-type variation, which is caused by the variation of the mass-transfer rate of the secondary. This detection of the superhump variations strongly suggests the former interpretation.

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arXiv2016

ASASSN-15jd: WZ Sge-type star with intermediate superoutburst between single and double ones

We present optical photometry of a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova (DN), ASASSN-15jd. Its light curve showed a small dip in the middle of the superoutburst in 2015 for the first time among WZ Sge-type DNe. The unusual light curve implies a delay in the growth of the 3:1 resonance tidal instability. Also, the light curve is similar to those of other two WZ Sge-type stars, SSS J122221.7$-$311523 and OT J184228.1$+$483742, which are believed to be the best candidates for a period bouncer on the basis of their small values of the mass ratio ($q \equiv M_{2}/M_{1}$). Additionally, the small mean superhump amplitude ($<$ 0.1 mag) and the long duration of no ordinary superhumps at the early stage of the superoutburst are common to the best candidates for a period bouncer. The average superhump period was $P_{\rm sh}$ = 0.0649810(78) d and no early superhumps were detected. Although we could not estimate the mass ratio of ASASSN-15jd with high accuracy, this object is expected to be a candidate for a period bouncer, a binary accounting for the missing population of post-period minimum cataclysmic variables, based on the above characteristics.

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