Energy polarization and energy pumping in Rice-Mele chains
The one-dimensional Rice-Mele lattice consisting of two-site unit cells enables topological charge pumping at low enough temperatures. We show here that energy pumping is feasible in this system. We analyze energy polarization using the second-quantization formalism and connect it to intercell energy current by the relevant continuity equation. Following this formulation, we numerically evaluate the energy current pumped in an adiabatic cycle when the system parameters vary periodically and slowly with time. Unlike the pumped charge, the pumped energy is entirely temperature-independent at half filling. The global Berry phase for all bands and the related topological phase transitions during the pumping cycle account for the energy pumping. The present study paves the way for manipulating energy current without electric and thermal biases.