arXiv subjects

Yupeng Hu

Publications and source records attributed to Yupeng Hu.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2025

Open Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Factual Image Generation

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved remarkable progress in generating photorealistic and prompt-aligned images, but they often produce outputs that contradict verifiable knowledge, especially when prompts involve fine-grained attributes or time-sensitive events. Conventional retrieval-augmented approaches attempt to address this issue by introducing external information, yet they are fundamentally incapable of grounding generation in accurate and evolving knowledge due to their reliance on static sources and shallow evidence integration. To bridge this gap, we introduce ORIG, an agentic open multimodal retrieval-augmented framework for Factual Image Generation (FIG), a new task that requires both visual realism and factual grounding. ORIG iteratively retrieves and filters multimodal evidence from the web and incrementally integrates the refined knowledge into enriched prompts to guide generation. To support systematic evaluation, we build FIG-Eval, a benchmark spanning ten categories across perceptual, compositional, and temporal dimensions. Experiments demonstrate that ORIG substantially improves factual consistency and overall image quality over strong baselines, highlighting the potential of open multimodal retrieval for factual image generation.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Bilateral Collaboration with Large Vision-Language Models for Open Vocabulary Human-Object Interaction Detection

Open vocabulary Human-Object Interaction (HOI) detection is a challenging task that detects all triplets of interest in an image, even those that are not pre-defined in the training set. Existing approaches typically rely on output features generated by large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to enhance the generalization ability of interaction representations. However, the visual features produced by VLMs are holistic and coarse-grained, which contradicts the nature of detection tasks. To address this issue, we propose a novel Bilateral Collaboration framework for open vocabulary HOI detection (BC-HOI). This framework includes an Attention Bias Guidance (ABG) component, which guides the VLM to produce fine-grained instance-level interaction features according to the attention bias provided by the HOI detector. It also includes a Large Language Model (LLM)-based Supervision Guidance (LSG) component, which provides fine-grained token-level supervision for the HOI detector by the LLM component of the VLM. LSG enhances the ability of ABG to generate high-quality attention bias. We conduct extensive experiments on two popular benchmarks: HICO-DET and V-COCO, consistently achieving superior performance in the open vocabulary and closed settings. The code will be released in Github.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

CoRe-MMRAG: Cross-Source Knowledge Reconciliation for Multimodal RAG

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MMRAG) has been introduced to enhance Multimodal Large Language Models by incorporating externally retrieved multimodal knowledge, but it introduces two challenges: Parametric-Retrieved Knowledge Inconsistency (PRKI), where discrepancies between parametric and retrieved knowledge create uncertainty in determining reliability, and Visual-Textual Knowledge Inconsistency (VTKI), where misalignment between visual and textual sources disrupts entity representation. To address these challenges, we propose Cross-source knowledge \textbf{Re}conciliation for Multimodal RAG (CoRe-MMRAG), a novel end-to-end framework that effectively reconciles inconsistencies across knowledge sources. CoRe-MMRAG follows a four-stage pipeline: it first generates an internal response from parametric knowledge, then selects the most relevant multimodal evidence via joint similarity assessment, generates an external response, and finally integrates both to produce a reliable answer. Additionally, a specialized training paradigm enhances knowledge source discrimination, multimodal integration, and unified answer generation. Experiments on KB-VQA benchmarks show that CoRe-MMRAG achieves substantial improvements over baseline methods, achieving 5.6% and 9.3% performance gains on InfoSeek and Encyclopedic-VQA, respectively.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2025

Visual Self-paced Iterative Learning for Unsupervised Temporal Action Localization

Recently, temporal action localization (TAL) has garnered significant interest in information retrieval community. However, existing supervised/weakly supervised methods are heavily dependent on extensive labeled temporal boundaries and action categories, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Although some unsupervised methods have utilized the ``iteratively clustering and localization'' paradigm for TAL, they still suffer from two pivotal impediments: 1) unsatisfactory video clustering confidence, and 2) unreliable video pseudolabels for model training. To address these limitations, we present a novel self-paced iterative learning model to enhance clustering and localization training simultaneously, thereby facilitating more effective unsupervised TAL. Concretely, we improve the clustering confidence through exploring the contextual feature-robust visual information. Thereafter, we design two (constant- and variable- speed) incremental instance learning strategies for easy-to-hard model training, thus ensuring the reliability of these video pseudolabels and further improving overall localization performance. Extensive experiments on two public datasets have substantiated the superiority of our model over several state-of-the-art competitors.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

FineCIR: Explicit Parsing of Fine-Grained Modification Semantics for Composed Image Retrieval

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) facilitates image retrieval through a multimodal query consisting of a reference image and modification text. The reference image defines the retrieval context, while the modification text specifies desired alterations. However, existing CIR datasets predominantly employ coarse-grained modification text (CoarseMT), which inadequately captures fine-grained retrieval intents. This limitation introduces two key challenges: (1) ignoring detailed differences leads to imprecise positive samples, and (2) greater ambiguity arises when retrieving visually similar images. These issues degrade retrieval accuracy, necessitating manual result filtering or repeated queries. To address these limitations, we develop a robust fine-grained CIR data annotation pipeline that minimizes imprecise positive samples and enhances CIR systems' ability to discern modification intents accurately. Using this pipeline, we refine the FashionIQ and CIRR datasets to create two fine-grained CIR datasets: Fine-FashionIQ and Fine-CIRR. Furthermore, we introduce FineCIR, the first CIR framework explicitly designed to parse the modification text. FineCIR effectively captures fine-grained modification semantics and aligns them with ambiguous visual entities, enhancing retrieval precision. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FineCIR consistently outperforms state-of-the-art CIR baselines on both fine-grained and traditional CIR benchmark datasets. Our FineCIR code and fine-grained CIR datasets are available at https://github.com/SDU-L/FineCIR.git.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Fine-grained Textual Inversion Network for Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrieval

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) allows users to search target images with a multimodal query, comprising a reference image and a modification text that describes the user's modification demand over the reference image. Nevertheless, due to the expensive labor cost of training data annotation, recent researchers have shifted to the challenging task of zero-shot CIR (ZS-CIR), which targets fulfilling CIR without annotated triplets. The pioneer ZS-CIR studies focus on converting the CIR task into a standard text-to-image retrieval task by pre-training a textual inversion network that can map a given image into a single pseudo-word token. Despite their significant progress, their coarse-grained textual inversion may be insufficient to capture the full content of the image accurately. To overcome this issue, in this work, we propose a novel Fine-grained Textual Inversion Network for ZS-CIR, named FTI4CIR. In particular, FTI4CIR comprises two main components: fine-grained pseudo-word token mapping and tri-wise caption-based semantic regularization. The former maps the image into a subject-oriented pseudo-word token and several attribute-oriented pseudo-word tokens to comprehensively express the image in the textual form, while the latter works on jointly aligning the fine-grained pseudo-word tokens to the real-word token embedding space based on a BLIP-generated image caption template. Extensive experiments conducted on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Sentiment-enhanced Graph-based Sarcasm Explanation in Dialogue

Sarcasm Explanation in Dialogue (SED) is a new yet challenging task, which aims to generate a natural language explanation for the given sarcastic dialogue that involves multiple modalities (\ie utterance, video, and audio). Although existing studies have achieved great success based on the generative pretrained language model BART, they overlook exploiting the sentiments residing in the utterance, video and audio, which play important roles in reflecting sarcasm that essentially involves subtle sentiment contrasts. Nevertheless, it is non-trivial to incorporate sentiments for boosting SED performance, due to three main challenges: 1) diverse effects of utterance tokens on sentiments; 2) gap between video-audio sentiment signals and the embedding space of BART; and 3) various relations among utterances, utterance sentiments, and video-audio sentiments. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel sEntiment-enhanceD Graph-based multimodal sarcasm Explanation framework, named EDGE. In particular, we first propose a lexicon-guided utterance sentiment inference module, where a heuristic utterance sentiment refinement strategy is devised. We then develop a module named Joint Cross Attention-based Sentiment Inference (JCA-SI) by extending the multimodal sentiment analysis model JCA to derive the joint sentiment label for each video-audio clip. Thereafter, we devise a context-sentiment graph to comprehensively model the semantic relations among the utterances, utterance sentiments, and video-audio sentiments, to facilitate sarcasm explanation generation. Extensive experiments on the publicly released dataset WITS verify the superiority of our model over cutting-edge methods.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2024

Content-aware Balanced Spectrum Encoding in Masked Modeling for Time Series Classification

Due to the superior ability of global dependency, transformer and its variants have become the primary choice in Masked Time-series Modeling (MTM) towards time-series classification task. In this paper, we experimentally analyze that existing transformer-based MTM methods encounter with two under-explored issues when dealing with time series data: (1) they encode features by performing long-dependency ensemble averaging, which easily results in rank collapse and feature homogenization as the layer goes deeper; (2) they exhibit distinct priorities in fitting different frequency components contained in the time-series, inevitably leading to spectrum energy imbalance of encoded feature. To tackle these issues, we propose an auxiliary content-aware balanced decoder (CBD) to optimize the encoding quality in the spectrum space within masked modeling scheme. Specifically, the CBD iterates on a series of fundamental blocks, and thanks to two tailored units, each block could progressively refine the masked representation via adjusting the interaction pattern based on local content variations of time-series and learning to recalibrate the energy distribution across different frequency components. Moreover, a dual-constraint loss is devised to enhance the mutual optimization of vanilla decoder and our CBD. Extensive experimental results on ten time-series classification datasets show that our method nearly surpasses a bunch of baselines. Meanwhile, a series of explanatory results are showcased to sufficiently demystify the behaviors of our method.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2024

Towards Stable and Storage-efficient Dataset Distillation: Matching Convexified Trajectory

The rapid evolution of deep learning and large language models has led to an exponential growth in the demand for training data, prompting the development of Dataset Distillation methods to address the challenges of managing large datasets. Among these, Matching Training Trajectories (MTT) has been a prominent approach, which replicates the training trajectory of an expert network on real data with a synthetic dataset. However, our investigation found that this method suffers from three significant limitations: 1. Instability of expert trajectory generated by Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD); 2. Low convergence speed of the distillation process; 3. High storage consumption of the expert trajectory. To address these issues, we offer a new perspective on understanding the essence of Dataset Distillation and MTT through a simple transformation of the objective function, and introduce a novel method called Matching Convexified Trajectory (MCT), which aims to provide better guidance for the student trajectory. MCT leverages insights from the linearized dynamics of Neural Tangent Kernel methods to create a convex combination of expert trajectories, guiding the student network to converge rapidly and stably. This trajectory is not only easier to store, but also enables a continuous sampling strategy during distillation, ensuring thorough learning and fitting of the entire expert trajectory. Comprehensive experiments across three public datasets validate the superiority of MCT over traditional MTT methods.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2023

Listen As You Wish: Audio based Event Detection via Text-to-Audio Grounding in Smart Cities

With the development of internet of things technologies, tremendous sensor audio data has been produced, which poses great challenges to audio-based event detection in smart cities. In this paper, we target a challenging audio-based event detection task, namely, text-to-audio grounding. In addition to precisely localizing all of the desired on- and off-sets in the untrimmed audio, this challenging new task requires extensive acoustic and linguistic comprehension as well as the reasoning for the crossmodal matching relations between the audio and query. The current approaches often treat the query as an entire one through a global query representation in order to address those issues. We contend that this strategy has several drawbacks. Firstly, the interactions between the query and the audio are not fully utilized. Secondly, it has not distinguished the importance of different keywords in a query. In addition, since the audio clips are of arbitrary lengths, there exist many segments which are irrelevant to the query but have not been filtered out in the approach. This further hinders the effective grounding of desired segments. Motivated by the above concerns, a novel Cross-modal Graph Interaction (CGI) model is proposed to comprehensively model the relations between the words in a query through a novel language graph. To capture the fine-grained relevances between the audio and query, a cross-modal attention module is introduced to generate snippet-specific query representations and automatically assign higher weights to keywords with more important semantics. Furthermore, we develop a cross-gating module for the audio and query to weaken irrelevant parts and emphasize the important ones.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2023

Disentangled Interaction Representation for One-Stage Human-Object Interaction Detection

Human-Object Interaction (HOI) detection is a core task for human-centric image understanding. Recent one-stage methods adopt a transformer decoder to collect image-wide cues that are useful for interaction prediction; however, the interaction representations obtained using this method are entangled and lack interpretability. In contrast, traditional two-stage methods benefit significantly from their ability to compose interaction features in a disentangled and explainable manner. In this paper, we improve the performance of one-stage methods by enabling them to extract disentangled interaction representations. First, we propose Shunted Cross-Attention (SCA) to extract human appearance, object appearance, and global context features using different cross-attention heads. This is achieved by imposing different masks on the cross-attention maps produced by the different heads. Second, we introduce the Interaction-aware Pose Estimation (IPE) task to learn interaction-relevant human pose features using a disentangled decoder. This is achieved with a novel attention module that accurately captures the human keypoints relevant to the current interaction category. Finally, our approach fuses the appearance feature and pose feature via element-wise addition to form the interaction representation. Experimental results show that our approach can be readily applied to existing one-stage HOI detectors. Moreover, we achieve state-of-the-art performance on two benchmarks: HICO-DET and V-COCO.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2020

SIAT: A Systematic Inter-Component Communication Analysis Technology for Detecting Threats on Android

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a Systematic Inter-Component Communication Analysis Technology (SIAT) consisting of two key modules: \emph{Monitor} and \emph{Analyzer}. As an extension to the Android operating system at framework layer, the \emph{Monitor} makes the first attempt to revise the taint tag approach named TaintDroid both at method-level and file-level, to migrate it to the app-pair ICC paths identification through systemwide tracing and analysis of taint in intent both at the data flow and control flow. By taking over the taint logs offered by the \emph{Monitor}, the \emph{Analyzer} can build the accurate and integrated ICC models adopted to identify the specific threat models with the detection algorithms and predefined rules. Meanwhile, we employ the models' deflation technology to improve the efficiency of the \emph{Analyzer}. We implement the SIAT with Android Open Source Project and evaluate its performance through extensive experiments on well-known datasets and real-world apps. The experimental results show that, compared to state-of-the-art approaches, the SIAT can achieve about 25\%$\sim$200\% accuracy improvements with 1.0 precision and 0.98 recall at the cost of negligible runtime overhead. Moreover, the SIAT can identify two undisclosed cases of bypassing that prior technologies cannot detect and quite a few malicious ICC threats in real-world apps with lots of downloads on the Google Play market.

cs.CR↗