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Yuri G. Zarhin

Publications and source records attributed to Yuri G. Zarhin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2022

Non-isogenous elliptic curves and hyperelliptic jacobians

Let $K$ be a field of characteristic different from $2$, $\bar{K}$ its algebraic closure. Let $n \ge 3$ be an odd prime such that $2$ is a primitive root modulo $n$. Let $f(x)$ and $h(x)$ be degree $n$ polynomials with coefficients in $K$ and without repeated roots. Let us consider genus $(n-1)/2$ hyperelliptic curves $C_f: y^2=f(x)$ and $C_h: y^2=h(x)$, and their jacobians $J(C_f)$ and $J(C_h)$, which are $(n-1)/2$-dimensional abelian varieties defined over $K$. Suppose that one of the polynomials is irreducible and the other reducible. We prove that if $J(C_f)$ and $J(C_h)$ are isogenous over $\bar{K}$ then both jacobians are abelian varieties of CM type with multiplication by the field of $n$th roots of $1$. We also discuss the case when both polynomials are irreducible while their splitting fields are linearly disjoint. In particular, we prove that if $char(K)=0$, the Galois group of one of the polynomials is doubly transitive and the Galois group of the other is a cyclic group of order $n$, then $J(C_f)$ and $J(C_h)$ are not isogenous over $\bar{K}$.

math.NT↗
arXiv2022

Abelian varieties, quaternion trick and endomorphisms

Let $X$ be a polarized abelian variety over a field $K$. Let $O$ be a ring with an involution that acts on $X$ and this action is compatible with the polarization. We prove that the natural action of $O$ on $(X \times X^t)^4$ is compatible with a certain principal polarization.

math.AG↗
arXiv2021

Torsion points of small order on hyperelliptic curves

Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g>1$ over an algebraically closed field $K$ of characteristic zero and $O$ one of the $(2g+2)$ Weierstrass points in $C(K)$. Let $J$ be the jacobian of $C$, which is a $g$-dimensional abelian variety over $K$. Let us consider the canonical embedding of $C$ into $J$ that sends $O$ to the zero of the group law on $J$. This embedding allows us to identify $C(K)$ with a certain subset of the commutative group $J(K)$. A special case of the famous theorem of Raynaud (Manin--Mumford conjecture) asserts that the set of torsion points in $C(K)$ is finite. It is well known that the points of order 2 in $C(K)$ are exactly the "remaining" $(2g+1)$ Weierstrass points. One of the authors proved that there are no torsion points of order $n$ in $C(K)$ if $3\le n\le 2g$. So, it is natural to study torsion points of order $2g+1$ (notice that the number of such points in $C(K)$ is always even). Recently, the authors proved that there are infinitely many (for a given $g$) mutually nonisomorphic pairs $C,O)$ such that $C(K)$ contains at least four points of order $2g+1$. In the present paper we prove that (for a given $g$) there are at most finitely many (up to a isomorphism) pairs $(C,O)$ such that $C(K)$ contains at least six points of order $2g+1$.

math.AG↗
arXiv2021

Poincaré duality and unimodularity

It is well known that the cup-product pairing on the complementary integral cohomology groups (modulo torsion) of a compact oriented manifold is unimodular. We prove a similar result for the $\ell$-adic cohomology groups of smooth algebraic varieties.

math.AG↗
arXiv2021

Invariant Brauer group of an abelian variety

We study a new object that can be attached to an abelian variety or a complex torus: the invariant Brauer group, as recently defined by Yang Cao. Over the field of complex numbers this is an elementary abelian 2-group with an explicit upper bound on the rank. We exhibit many cases in which the invariant Brauer group is zero, and construct complex abelian varieties in every dimension starting with 2, both simple and non-simple, with invariant Brauer group of order 2. We also address the situation in finite characteristic and over non-closed fields.

math.AG↗
arXiv2020

Homomorphisms of abelian varieties over finite fields

These are notes of my lectures at the summer school "Higher-dimensional geometry over finite fields" in Goettingen, June--July 2007. We present a proof of Tate's theorem on homomorphisms of abelian varieties over finite fields (including the $\ell=p$ case) that is based on a "quaternion trick". In fact, a a slightly stronger version of those theorems with "finite coefficients" is proven.

math.AG↗
arXiv2020

Root lattices in number fields

We explore whether a root lattice may be similar to the lattice $\mathscr O$ of integers of a number field $K$ endowed with the inner product $(x, y):={\rm Trace}_{K/\mathbb Q}(x\cdotθ(y))$, where $θ$ is an involution of $K$. We classify all pairs $K$, $θ$ such that $\mathscr O$ is similar to either an even root lattice or the root lattice $\mathbb Z^{[K:\mathbb Q]}$. We also classify all pairs $K$, $θ$ such that $\mathscr O$ is a root lattice. In addition to this, we show that $\mathscr O$ is never similar to a positive-definite even unimodular lattice of rank $\leqslant 48$, in particular, $\mathscr O$ is not similar to the Leech lattice. In appendix, we give a general cyclicity criterion for the primary components of the discriminant group of $\mathscr O$.

math.NT↗
arXiv2020

On matrices of endomorphisms of abelian varieties

We study endomorphisms of abelian varieties and their action on the l-adic Tate modules. We prove that for every endomorphism one may choose a basis of each Tate module such that the corresponding matrix has rational entries and does not depend on l.

math.AG↗
arXiv2020

Complex tori, theta groups and their Jordan properties

We prove that an analogue of Jordan's theorem on finite subgroups of general linear groups does not hold for the group of bimeromorphic automorphisms of a product of the complex projective line and a complex torus of positive algebraic dimension.

math.AG↗
arXiv2020

Endomorphisms of ordinary superelliptic jacobians

Let $K$ be a field of prime characteristic $p$, $n>4 $ an integer, $f(x)$ an irreducible polynomial over $K$ of degree $n$, whose Galois group is either the full symmetric group $S_n$ or the alternating group $A_n$. Let $l$ be an odd prime different from $p$, $Z[ζ_l]$ the ring of integers in the $l$th cyclotomic field, $C_{f,l}:y^l=f(x)$ the corresponding superelliptic curve and $J(C_{f,l})$ its jacobian. We prove that the ring of all endomorphisms of $J(C_{f,l})$ coincides with $Z[ζ_l]$ if $J(C_{f,l})$ is an ordinary abelian variety and $(l,n)\ne (5,5)$.

math.AG↗
arXiv2019

On uniformity conjectures for abelian varieties and K3 surfaces

We discuss logical links among uniformity conjectures concerning K3 surfaces and abelian varieties of bounded dimension defined over number fields of bounded degree. The conjectures concern the endomorphism algebra of an abelian variety, the Neron-Severi lattice of a K3 surface, and the Galois invariant subgroup of the geometric Brauer group.

math.NT↗
arXiv2019

Halves of points of an odd degree hyperelliptic curve in its jacobian

Let $f(x)$ be a degree $(2g+1)$ monic polynomial with coefficients in an algebraically closed field $K$ with $char(K)\ne 2$ and without repeated roots. Let $\mathfrak{R}\subset K$ be the $(2g+1)$-element set of roots of $f(x)$. Let $\mathcal{C}: y^2=f(x)$ be an odd degree genus $g$ hyperelliptic curve over $K$. Let $J$ be the jacobian of $\mathcal{C}$ and $J[2]\subset J(K)$ the (sub)group of its points of order dividing $2$. We identify $\mathcal{C}$ with the image of its canonical embedding into $J$ (the infinite point of $\mathcal{C}$ goes to the identity element of $J$). Let $P=(a,b)\in \mathcal{C}(K)\subset J(K)$ and $M_{1/2,P}\subset J(K)$ the set of halves of $P$ in $J(K)$, which is $J[2]$-torsor. In a previous work we established an explicit bijection between $M_{1/2,P}$ and the set of collections of square roots $$\mathfrak{R}_{1/2,P}:=\{\mathfrak{r}: \mathfrak{R} \to K\mid \mathfrak{r}(α)^2=a-α\ \forall α\in\mathfrak{R}; \ \prod_{α\in\mathfrak{R}} \mathfrak{r}(α)=-b\}.$$ The aim of this paper is to describe the induced action of $J[2]$ on $\mathfrak{R}_{1/2,P}$ (i.e., how signs of square roots $\mathfrak{r}(α)=\sqrt{a-α}$ should change).

math.AG↗
arXiv2019

Root systems in number fields

We classify the types of root systems $R$ in the rings of integers of number fields $K$ such that the Weyl group $W(R)$ lies in the group $\mathcal L(K)$ generated by ${\rm Aut} (K)$ and multiplications by the elements of $K^*$. We also classify the Weyl groups of roots systems of rank $n$ which are isomorphic to a subgroup of $\mathcal L(K)$ for a number field $K$ of degree $n$ over $\mathbb Q$.

math.GR↗
arXiv2019

Torsion Points of order 2g+1 on odd degree hyperelliptic curves of genus g

Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from $2$, $g$ a positive integer, $f(x)\in K[x]$ a degree $2g+1$ monic polynomial without repeated roots, $C_f: y^2=f(x)$ the corresponding genus g hyperelliptic curve over $K$, and $J$ the jacobian of $C_f$. We identify $C_f$ with the image of its canonical embedding into $J$ (the infinite point of $C_f$ goes to the zero of group law on $J$). It is known (arXiv:1809.03061 [math.AG]) that if $g>1$ then $C_f(K)$ does not contain torsion points, whose order lies between $3$ and $2g$. In this paper we study torsion points of order $2g+1$ on $C_f(K)$. Despite the striking difference between the cases of $g=1$ and $g> 1$, some of our results may be viewed as a generalization of well-known results about points of order $3$ on elliptic curves. E.g., if $p=2g+1$ is a prime that coincides with $char(K)$, then every odd degree genus $g$ hyperelliptic curve contains, at most, two points of order $p$. If $g$ is odd and $f(x)$ has real coefficients, then there are, at most, two real points of order $2g+1$ on $C_f$. If $f(x)$ has rational coefficients and $g<52$, then there are, at most, two rational points of order $2g+1$ on $C_f$. (However, there are exist genus $52$ hyperelliptic curves over the field of rational numbers that have, at least, four rational points of order 105.)

math.AG↗
arXiv2018

Division by 2 on odd degree hyperelliptic curves and their jacobians

Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2, $g$ a positive integer, $f(x)$ a degree $(2g+1)$ polynomial with coefficients in $K$ and without multiple roots, $C:y^2=f(x)$ the corresponding genus $g$ hyperelliptic curve over K, and $J$ the jacobian of $C$. We identify $C$ with the image of its canonical embedding into $J$ (the infinite point of $C$ goes to the identity element of $J$). It is well known that for each $\mathfrak{b} \in J(K)$ there are exactly $2^{2g}$ elements $\mathfrak{a} \in J(K)$ such that $2\mathfrak{a}=\mathfrak{b}$. M. Stoll constructed an algorithm that provides Mumford representations of all such $\mathfrak{a}$, in terms of the Mumford representation of $\mathfrak{b}$. The aim of this paper is to give explicit formulas for Mumford representations of all such $\mathfrak{a}$, when $\mathfrak{b}\in J(K)$ is given by $P=(a,b) \in C(K)\subset J(K)$ in terms of coordinates $a,b$. We also prove that if $g>1$ then $C(K)$ does not contain torsion points with order between $3$ and $2g$.

math.AG↗
arXiv2018

The Brauer Group of a Surface over a Finite Field

This is an English translation of the author's 1989 note in Russian, published in a collection "Arithmetic and Geometry of Varieties" (V.E. Voskresenski, ed.), Kuibyshev State University, Kuibyshev, 1989, pp. 57--67. Let $X$ be be an absolutely irreducible smooth projective surface over a finite field $k$ of odd characteristic, let $Br(X)$ be the (commutative periodic) Brauer group of $X$ and $DIV Br(X)$ the subgroup of its divisible elements. We write $Br(X)_{DIV}$ for the quotient $Br(X)/DIV Br(X)$ and $Br(X)_{DIV}(2)$ for its (finite) $2$-primary component. We prove that the order of $Br(X)_{DIV}(2)$ is a full square under the following additional assumptions on $\bar{X}=X\times \bar{k}$ where $ \bar{k}$ is an algebraic closure of $k$. There is no 2-torsion in the Néron-Severi group of $\bar{X}$. The surface $\bar{X}$ admits a lifting to characteristic 0. The proof is based on constructions of author's paper (Math. USSR Izv. 20 (1983), 203-234) and Wu's Theorem that relates Stiefel-Whitney classes and Steenrod squares.

math.NT↗