arXiv subjects

Yuzi Yang

Publications and source records attributed to Yuzi Yang.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The Research and Development of New Electronics System and its Testing on the JNE-1ton Prototype Detector

The Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), a next-generation neutrino observatory under construction at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory II (CJPL-II), requires high-precision waveform-based event reconstruction, imposing stringent demands on its readout electronics. To meet these requirements, we have developed a high-performance readout system featuring 1 GSa/s real-time sampling, 14-bit physical resolution with an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 10.6, a total data throughput of 64 Gbps, and a deterministic zero-delay clock distribution architecture. The new single-crate 64-channel system (PDS1500) was validated through bench tests and deployment on the upgraded JNE-1ton prototype detector. Its performance was further evaluated against a commercial reference system. The results demonstrate that all key metrics meet the JNE experimental requirements: zero data loss within a 1000 ns acquisition window, baseline noise reduced to one-third of the reference level, timing drift limited to 0.3 ns across power cycles, and an energy threshold as low as 0.1 MeV, enabling the detection of low-energy solar neutrinos. While the 14-bit physical resolution provides significantly higher waveform fidelity, the overall energy resolution in this test remains dominated by the intrinsic limitations of the JNE-1ton detector, as expected. Furthermore, the modular architecture provides the throughput and scalability required to support the full-scale 3000-channel JNE detector. These results collectively demonstrate that the newly developed electronics system fully satisfies the technical requirements of the future JNE experiment.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2026

Mountain Muography for China Jinping Underground Laboratory

The China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL), located $\sim 2,400$~m beneath Jinping Mountain, is one of the world's deepest and largest ($\sim 300{,}000~\mathrm{m}^3$) underground facilities, hosting dark matter, nuclear astrophysics, and neutrino experiments. We report the first muon radiography (muography) conducted at this extraordinary depth. Cosmic muons detected by a one-ton prototype developed for the Jinping Neutrino Experiment were used to perform non-invasive subsurface density mapping over a 3~km lateral range. The 1.3~m diameter detector provides nearly isotropic acceptance and an angular resolution of $\sim 4.5^\circ$. By correlating the predicted surface muon flux distributions with the underground measurements, we reconstruct a directional opacity map that constrains the density structure of the overburden and shows excellent agreement with satellite-derived terrain models. This work demonstrates the feasibility of muography at extreme depths with kilometer-scale overburden and establishes a robust methodology for future geophysical applications and large-scale facilities, such as the full Jinping Neutrino Experiment. Based on this validated overburden model, we further predict the total muon fluxes for the eight experimental halls in CJPL-II, providing essential input for their physics programs.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2026

Development and Performance Study of Vertical GaN $\alpha$-Particle Detector with High Energy Resolution

High-energy-resolution GaN $\alpha$-particle detectors have significant potential for space radiation, nuclear instrumentation, and harsh-environment applications. However, existing GaN $\alpha$-particle detectors still face several key challenges, including reducing the dead-layer thickness, suppressing leakage current under high reverse bias, improving energy resolution, and clarifying the physical mechanism underlying the low-energy tail phenomenon. This study presents a vertical homoepitaxial GaN $\alpha$-particle detector integrating a 20-nm ultrathin dead layer and a guard-ring structure. The detector exhibits an ultralow leakage current of 2.195 nA at -200 V and an intrinsic energy resolution of 2.69% with a charge collection efficiency (CCE) of 95.9% at -260 V. More importantly, this work demonstrates for the first time through Geant4 simulations that depletion-width nonuniformity is the dominant source of partial energy leakage, leading to an extended low-energy tail in the energy spectrum. We establish a depletion-width nonuniformity model and observe good agreement between simulation and experiment. This finding provides practical guidance for the design and optimization of high-performance GaN-based radiation detectors.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2025

Investigating Production of TeV-scale Muons in Extensive Air Shower at 2400 Meters Underground

Deep underground experiments present a new avenue to probe the first interactions in extensive air showers or hadronic interactions in the extreme forward phase space. The China Jinping Underground Laboratory, characterized by a vertical rock overburden of 2,400~m, provides an exceptionally effective shield against cosmic muons with energies below 3~TeV. The surviving high-energy muons, produced in the first interactions of extensive air showers, open a unique observational window into primary cosmic rays from tens of TeV up to the PeV scale and beyond. This distinctive feature also enables detailed studies of charged hadron production in the earliest stages of shower development. Using 1,338.6 live days of data collected with a one-ton prototype detector for the Jinping Neutrino Experiment, we measured the underground muon flux originating from air showers. The results show discrepancies of about 40\% corresponding to significances of more than 2$\sigma$, relative to predictions from several leading hadronic interaction models. We interpret these findings from two complementary perspectives: (i) by adopting the expected cosmic-ray spectra, we constrain the modeling of the first hadronic interactions in air showers and provide novel insights into resolving the long-standing \textit{muon puzzle}; and (ii) by assuming specific hadronic interaction models, we infer the mass composition of cosmic rays, and our data favor a lighter component in the corresponding energy range. Our study demonstrates the potential of deep underground laboratories to provide new experimental insights into air shower physics and cosmic rays.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2025

Development and characterization of the JNE concentrator

The Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE) will utilize approximately 3000 8-inch MCP-PMTs identified as GDB-6082 from North Night Vision Technology to detect neutrinos. To enhance the effective coverage of the JNE detector, mounting a custom-designed light concentrator on each PMT is a practical and economical approach. We measured angular responses of the concentration factor at four wavelengths in air medium for the concentrator with the selected cutoff angle of 70{\deg}. The measurements align with the Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, our results indicate that these concentrators can improve the efficiency of light collection by 40 % under parallel illumination conditions. This enhancement results in a slight increase in transit-time spread, with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) increasing by less than 0.3 ns. We conclude that the developed light concentrators are highly suitable for the JNE.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Study of neutron production for 360 GeV cosmic muons

The China Jinping underground Laboratory (CJPL) is an excellent location for studying solar, terrestrial, and supernova neutrinos due to its 2400-meter vertical rock overburden. Its unparalleled depth gives an opportunity to investigate the cosmic-ray muons with exceptionally high average energy at $\sim360$ GeV. This paper details a study of muon-related backgrounds based on 1178 days of data collected by the 1-ton prototype neutrino detector used for the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE) since 2017. The apparent effects for the leakage of muons' secondary particles due to detector's finite size on the measured neutron yield are first discussed in detail. The analysis of 493 cosmic-ray muon candidates and $13.6\pm5.7$ cosmogenic neutron candidates, along with a thorough evaluation of detection efficiency and uncertainties, gives a muon flux of $(3.56\pm0.16_{\mathrm{stat.}}\pm0.10_{\mathrm{syst.}})\times10^{-10}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s^{-1}}$ and a cosmogenic neutron yield of $(3.37\pm 1.41_{\mathrm{stat.}}\pm 0.31_{\mathrm{syst.}}) \times 10^{-4}~\mathrm{\mu}^{-1} \mathrm{g}^{-1} \mathrm{cm}^{2}$ in LAB-based liquid scintillator.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2023

Performance of the 1-ton Prototype Neutrino Detector at CJPL-I

China Jinping Underground Laboratory provides an ideal site for solar, geo-, and supernova neutrino studies. With a prototype neutrino detector running since 2017, containing 1-ton liquid scintillator, we tested its experimental hardware, performed the detector calibration and simulation, and measured its radioactive backgrounds, as an early stage of the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE). We investigated the radon background and implemented the nitrogen sealing technology to control it. This paper presents the details of these studies and will serve as a key reference for the construction and optimization of the future large detector of JNE.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2022

Measurement of Muon-induced Neutron Production at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory

Solar, terrestrial, and supernova neutrino experiments are subject to muon-induced radioactive backgrounds. The China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL), with its unique advantage of a 2400 m rock coverage and long distance from nuclear power plants, is ideal for MeV-scale neutrino experiments. Using a 1-ton prototype detector of the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), we detected 343 high-energy cosmic-ray muons and (7.86$ \pm $3.97) muon-induced neutrons from an 820.28-day dataset at the first phase of CJPL (CJPL-I). Based on the muon-induced neutrons, we measured the corresponding muon-induced neutron yield in a liquid scintillator to be $ (3.44 \pm 1.86_{\rm stat.}\pm 0.76_{\rm syst.})\times 10^{-4}μ^{-1}\rm g^{-1}cm^{2} $ at an average muon energy of \SI{340}{GeV}. We provided the first study for such neutron background at CJPL. A global fit including this measurement shows a power-law coefficient of (0.75$ \pm $0.02) for the dependence of the neutron yield at the liquid scintillator on muon energy.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Muon Flux Measurement at China Jinping Underground Laboratory

China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) is ideal for studying solar-, geo-, and supernova neutrinos. A precise measurement of the cosmic-ray background would play an essential role in proceeding with the R\&D research for these MeV-scale neutrino experiments. Using a 1-ton prototype detector for the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), we detected 264 high-energy muon events from a 645.2-day dataset at the first phase of CJPL (CJPL-I), reconstructed their directions, and measured the cosmic-ray muon flux to be $(3.53\pm0.22_{\text{stat.}}\pm0.07_{\text{sys.}})\times10^{-10}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The observed angular distributions indicate the leakage of cosmic-ray muon background and agree with the simulation accounting for Jinping mountain's terrain. A survey of muon fluxes at different laboratory locations situated under mountains and below mine shaft indicated that the former is generally a factor of $(4\pm2)$ larger than the latter with the same vertical overburden. This study provides a convenient back-of-the-envelope estimation for muon flux of an underground experiment.

physics.ins-det↗