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Yves Capdeboscq

Publications and source records attributed to Yves Capdeboscq.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Positive Jacobian constraints for elliptic boundary value problems with piecewise-regular coefficients arising from multi-wave inverse problems

Multi-wave inverse problems are indirect imaging methods using the interaction of two different imaging modalities. One brings spatial accuracy, and the other contrast sensitivity. The inversion method typically involve two steps. The first step is devoted to accessing internal datum of quantities related to the unknown parameters being observed. The second step involves recovering the parameters themselves from the internal data. To perform that inversion, a typical requirement is that the Jacobian of fields involved does not vanish. A number of authors have considered this problem in the past two decades, and a variety of methods have been developed. Existing techniques require H{\"o}lder continuity of the parameters to be reconstructed. In practical applications, the medium may present embedded elements, with distinct physical properties, leading to discontinuous coefficients. In this article we explain how a Jacobian constraint can imposed in the piecewise regular case, when the physical model is a divergence form second order linear elliptic boundary value problem.

math.AP

On optimal cloaking-by-mapping transformations

A central ingredient of cloaking-by-mapping is the diffeomorphisn which transforms an annulus with a small hole into an annulus with a finite size hole, while being the identity on the outer boundary of the annulus. The resulting meta-material is anisotropic, which makes it difficult to manufacture. The problem of minimizing anisotropy among radial transformations has been studied in [4]. In this work, as in [4], we formulate the problem of minimizing anisotropy as an energy minimization problem. Our main goal is to provide strong evidence for the conjecture that for cloaks with circular boundaries, non-radial transformations do not lead to lower degree of anisotropy. In the final section, we consider cloaks with non-circular boundaries and show that in this case, non-radial cloaks may be advantageous, when it comes to minimizing anisotropy.

math.AP

Extending Representation Formulae for Boundary Voltage Perturbations of Low Volume Fraction to Very Contrasted Conductivity Inhomogeneities

Imposing either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions on the boundary of a smooth bounded domain $Ω$, we study the perturbation incurred by the voltage potential when the conductivity is modified in a set of small measure. We consider $\left(γ_{n}\right)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$, a sequence of perturbed conductivity matrices differing from a smooth $γ_{0}$ background conductivity matrix on a measurable set well within the domain, and we assume $\left(γ_{n}-γ_{0}\right)γ_{n}^{-1}\left(γ_{n}-γ_{0}\right)\to0$ in $L^{1}(Ω)$. Adapting the limit measure, we show that the general representation formula introduced for bounded contrasts in \citep{capdeboscq-vogelius-03a} can be extended to unbounded sequencesof matrix valued conductivities.

math.AP

An asymptotic representation formula for scattering by thin tubular structures and an application in inverse scattering

We consider the scattering of time-harmonic electromagnetic waves by a penetrable thin tubular scattering object in three-dimensional free space. We establish an asymptotic representation formula for the scattered wave away from the thin tubular scatterer as the radius of its cross-section tends to zero. The shape, the relative electric permeability and the relative magnetic permittivity of the scattering object enter this asymptotic representation formula by means of the center curve of the thin tubular scatterer and two electric and magnetic polarization tensors. We give an explicit characterization of these two three-dimensional polarization tensors in terms of the center curve and of the two two-dimensional polarization tensor for the cross-section of the scattering object. As an application we demonstrate how this formula may be used to evaluate the residual and the shape derivative in an efficient iterative reconstruction algorithm for an inverse scattering problem with thin tubular scattering objects. We present numerical results to illustrate our theoretical findings. Mathematics subject classifications (MSC2010): 35C20, (65N21, 78A46)

math.AP

On the randomised stability constant for inverse problems

In this paper we introduce the randomised stability constant for abstract inverse problems, as a generalisation of the randomised observability constant, which was studied in the context of observability inequalities for the linear wave equation. We study the main properties of the randomised stability constant and discuss the implications for the practical inversion, which are not straightforward.

math.AP

Finite Element Approximation of Elliptic Homogenization Problems in Nondivergence-Form

We use uniform $W^{2,p}$ estimates to obtain corrector results for periodic homogenization problems of the form $A(x/\varepsilon):D^2 u_{\varepsilon} = f$ subject to a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. We propose and rigorously analyze a numerical scheme based on finite element approximations for such nondivergence-form homogenization problems. The second part of the paper focuses on the approximation of the corrector and numerical homogenization for the case of nonuniformly oscillating coefficients. Numerical experiments demonstrate the performance of the scheme.

math.NA

Combining the Runge approximation and the Whitney embedding theorem in hybrid imaging

This paper addresses enforcing non-vanishing constraints for solutions to a second order elliptic partial differential equation by appropriate choices of boundary conditions. We show that, in dimension $d\geq2$, under suitable regularity assumptions, the family of $2d$ solutions such that their Jacobian has maximal rank in the domain is both open and dense. The case of less regular coefficients is also addressed, together with other constraints, which are relevant for applications to recent hybrid imaging modalities. Our approach is based on the combination of the Runge approximation property and the Whitney projection argument [Greene and Wu, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble), 25(1, vii):215-235, 1975]. The method is very general, and can be used in other settings.

math.AP

Combining Radon transform and Electrical Capacitance Tomography for a $2d+1$ imaging device

This paper describes a coplanar non invasive non destructive capacitive imaging device. We first introduce a mathematical model for its output, and discuss some of its theoretical capabilities. We show that the data obtained from this device can be interpreted as a weighted Radon transform of the electrical permittivity of the measured object near its surface. Image reconstructions from experimental data provide good surface resolution as well as short depth imaging, making the apparatus a $2d+1$ imager. The quality of the images leads us to expect that excellent results can be delivered by \emph{ad-hoc} optimized inversion formulas. There are also interesting, yet unexplored, theoretical questions on imaging that this sensor will allow to test.

eess.IV

Foreign Object Detection and Quantification of Fat Content Using A Novel Multiplexing Electric Field Sensor

There is an ever growing need to ensure the quality of food and assess specific quality parameters in all the links of the food chain, ranging from processing, distribution and retail to preparing food. Various imaging and sensing technologies, including X-ray imaging, ultrasound, and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy have been applied to the problem. Cost and other constraints restrict the application of some of these technologies. In this study we test a novel Multiplexing Electric Field Sensor (MEFS), an approach that allows for a completely non-invasive and non-destructive testing approach. Our experiments demonstrate the reliable detection of certain foreign objects and provide evidence that this sensor technology has the capability of measuring fat content in minced meat. Given the fact that this technology can already be deployed at very low cost, low maintenance and in various different form factors, we conclude that this type of MEFS is an extremely promising technology for addressing specific food quality issues.

q-bio.QM

Stability estimates for systems with small cross-diffusion

We discuss the analysis and stability of a family of cross-diffusion boundary value problems with nonlinear diffusion and drift terms. We assume that these systems are close, in a suitable sense, to a set of decoupled and linear problems. We focus on stability estimates, that is, continuous dependence of solutions with respect to the nonlinearities in the diffusion and in the drift terms. We establish well-posedness and stability estimates in an appropriate Banach space. Under additional assumptions we show that these estimates are time independent. These results apply to several problems from mathematical biology; they allow comparisons between the solutions of different models a priori. For specific cell motility models from the literature, we illustrate the limit of the stability estimates we have derived numerically, and we document the behaviour of the solutions for extremal values of the parameters.

math.AP

Elliptic regularity theory applied to time harmonic anisotropic Maxwell's equations with less than Lipschitz complex coefficients

The focus of this paper is the study of the regularity properties of the time harmonic Maxwell's equations with anisotropic complex coefficients, in a bounded domain with $C^{1,1}$ boundary. We assume that at least one of the material parameters is $W^{1,3+δ}$ for some $δ>0$. Using regularity theory for second order elliptic partial differential equations, we derive $W^{1,p}$ estimates and Hölder estimates for electric and magnetic fields up to the boundary. We also derive interior estimates in bi-anisotropic media.

math.AP

On local non-zero constraints in PDE with analytic coefficients

We consider the Helmholtz equation with real analytic coefficients on a bounded domain $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^{d}$. We take $d+1$ prescribed boundary conditions $f^{i}$ and frequencies $ω$ in a fixed interval $[a,b]$. We consider a constraint on the solutions $u_ω^{i}$ of the form $ζ(u_ω^{1},\ldots,u_ω^{d+1},\nabla u_ω^{1},\ldots,\nabla u_ω^{d+1})\neq0$, where $ζ$ is analytic, which is satisfied in $Ω$ when $ω=0$. We show that for any $Ω^{\prime}\SubsetΩ$ and almost any $d+1$ frequencies $ω_{k}$ in $[a,b]$, there exist $d+1$ subdomains $Ω_{k}$ such that $Ω^{\prime}\subset\cup_{k}Ω_{k}$ and $ζ(u_{ω_{k}}^{1},\ldots,u_{ω_{k}}^{d+1},\nabla u_{ω_{k}}^{1},\ldots,\nabla u_{ω_{k}}^{d+1})\neq0$ in $Ω_{k}$. This question comes from hybrid imaging inverse problems. The method used is not specific to the Helmholtz model and can be applied to other frequency dependent problems.

math.AP

On one dimensional inverse problems arising from polarimetric measurements of nematic liquid crystals

We revisit the problem of determining dielectric parameters in layered nematic liquid crystals from polarimetric measurements originally introduced by Lionheart & Newton. After a detailed analysis of the model, of the scales involved, and of natural obstacles to the reconstruction of more than one dielectric parameters, we produce two simple one-dimensional inverse problems which can be studied without any expertise in liquid crystals. We then confirm that very little can be recovered about the internal configuration of smooth dielectric parameters from these measurements, and give a uniqueness result for one of the two problem, when the unknown parameter satisfies a monotonicity property. In that case, the available data can be expressed in terms of Laplace and Hankel transforms.

math.AP

On the scattered field generated by a ball inhomogeneity of constant index in dimension three

We consider the solution of a scalar Helmholtz equation where the potential (or index) takes two positive values, one inside a ball of radius $\eps$ and another one outside. In this short paper, we report that the results recently obtained in the two dimensional case in [1] can be easily extended to three dimensions. In particular, we provide sharp estimates of the size of the scattered field caused by this ball inhomogeneity, for any frequencies and any contrast. We also provide a broadband estimate, that is, a uniform bound for the scattered field for any contrast, and any frequencies outside of a set which tends to zero with $\eps$.

math.CA

On the scattered field generated by a ball inhomogeneity of constant index

We consider the solution of a scalar Helmholtz equation where the potential (or index) takes two positive values, one inside a disk of radius $ε$ and another one outside. We derive sharp estimates of the size of the scattered field caused by this disk inhomogeneity, for any frequencies and any contrast. We also provide a broadband estimate, that is, a uniform bound for the scattered field for any contrast, and any frequencies outside of a set which tend to zero with $ε$.

math.CA

On uniqueness for time harmonic anisotropic Maxwell's equations with piecewise regular coefficients

We are interested in the uniqueness of solutions to Maxwell's equations when the magnetic permeability $μ$ and the permittivity $\varepsilon$ are symmetric positive definite matrix-valued functions in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. We show that a unique continuation result for globally $W^{1,\infty}$ coefficients in a smooth, bounded domain, allows one to prove that the solution is unique in the case of coefficients which are piecewise $W^{1,\infty}$ with respect to a suitable countable collection of sub-domains with $C^{0}$ boundaries. Such suitable collections include any bounded finite collection. The proof relies on a general argument, not specific to Maxwell's equations. This result is then extended to the case when within these sub-domains the permeability and permittivity are only $L^\infty$ in sets of small measure.

math.AP

Interior Regularity Estimates in High Conductivity Homogenization and Application

In this paper, uniform pointwise regularity estimates for the solutions of conductivity equations are obtained in a unit conductivity medium reinforced by a epsilon-periodic lattice of highly conducting thin rods. The estimates are derived only at a distance epsilon^{1+tau} (for some tau>0) away from the fibres. This distance constraint is rather sharp since the gradients of the solutions are shown to be unbounded locally in L^p as soon as p>2. One key ingredient is the derivation in dimension two of regularity estimates to the solutions of the equations deduced from a Fourier series expansion with respect to the fibres direction, and weighted by the high-contrast conductivity. The dependence on powers of epsilon of these two-dimensional estimates is shown to be sharp. The initial motivation for this work comes from imaging, and enhanced resolution phenomena observed experimentally in the presence of micro-structures. We use these regularity estimates to characterize the signature of low volume fraction heterogeneities in the fibred reinforced medium assuming that the heterogeneities stay at a distance epsilon^{1+tau} away from the fibres.

math.AP

Numerical Computation of approximate Generalized Polarization Tensors

In this paper we describe a method to compute Generalized Polarization Tensors. These tensors are the coefficients appearing in the multipolar expansion of the steady state voltage perturbation caused by an inhomogeneity of constant conductivity. As an alternative to the integral equation approach, we propose an approximate semi-algebraic method which is easy to implement. This method has been integrated in a Myriapole, a matlab routine with a graphical interface which makes such computations available to non-numerical analysts.

math.NA