arXiv subjects

Z. E. Musielak

Publications and source records attributed to Z. E. Musielak.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Height Variations of Magnetoacoustic Cutoff Frequency in the Solar Atmosphere

The determination of the cutoff frequency in real solar observations under different local physical conditions is an important and insufficiently explored aspect of waves in solar physics. This work utilizes the near ultraviolet (NUV) spectrum of the QS, observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) on November 16th, 2013, in sit-n-stare mode. It contains several absorption and emission lines that form at different heights between the photosphere and chromosphere. Cross-wavelet analysis is performed on Doppler velocity time series of pairs of spectral lines sampling different atmospheric layers to estimate the cutoff frequency at six different heights between the photosphere and chromosphere. It is found that the cutoff frequency increases with height from around 3.0 mHz at 0.38 Mm (photosphere) to around 8.5 mHz at 1.2 Mm (chromosphere). Higher chromospheric heights show indications of standing oscillations. The presented observational results are compared with those previously obtained, and serve as a benchmark to refine theoretical models that predict variations of cutoff frequencies in the solar atmosphere.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2026

Effects of Schwarzschild's Black Hole Singularities on Complex Scalar Field

Complex scalar fields described by a novel Klein-Gordon equation derived from gauge and group theories are considered at the Schwarzschild's black hole singularities. It is shown that the field is well-behaved in the vicinity of these singularities and that its value reaches zero at both singularities. The obtained results also demonstrate that the field forms a scalar hair that exists outside of the event horizon, and that the interior field is tachyonic and undergoes a tachyonic condensation to reach its true vacuum at the central singularity. The described field's behavior is very different from that predicted by the Klein-Gordon equation minimally coupled to gravity. Physical implications of these results for the interior structure of black holes are discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2025

A Theory of Quantum Jumps and Its Applications to Lyman and Balmer Series

A theory of quantum jumps is developed by using a new asymmetric equation, which is complementary to the Schrödinger equation. The new equation displays Bohr's rules for quantum jumps, and its solutions demonstrate that once a quantum jump takes place at a random time, then its evolution is continuous and coherent. The temporal solutions are used to determine time-scales of the quantum jumps, which are very short but finite. The spatial solutions are used to find the radial probability density of finding the electron after its jump. The obtained results are applied to the Lyman and Balmer series absorption, and their experimental verification is discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2025

Variations in Dominant Wave Period in the Solar Atmosphere

Waves are an integral part of the solar atmosphere, and their characteristics (e.g., dominant period, range of periods, power, and phase angle) change on a diverse spatio-temporal scale. It is well well-established observationally that the dominant periods of solar oscillations are 5-min and 3-min in the photosphere and chromosphere, respectively. This shows that the wave spectra and their dominant periods evolve between these two layers. We present observational results that demonstrate variations of the dominant period with heights in the photosphere and chromosphere. Six photospheric absorption lines and one chromospheric line are analyzed by using the IRIS data, and the Doppler velocity time series at seven different atmospheric heights are determined. The wavelet analysis is applied to these time series, and the resulting spectrum of wave periods and its dominant period are deduced at these heights, which gives height variations of the dominant period. The obtained data shows that the dominant period decreases with height, and that there are also changes in the range of wave periods within the spectrum. Numerical simulations of filtered wave spectra through the solar atmosphere are also performed, and the obtained results match the observational data.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2024

A Solution to the Quantum Measurement Problem

A novel solution to the quantum measurement problem is presented by using a new asymmetric equation that is complementary to the Schrödinger equation. Solved for the hydrogen atom, the new equation describes the temporal and spatial evolution of the wavefunction, and the latter is used to calculate the radial probability density for different measurements. The obtained results show that Born's position measurement postulates naturally emerge from the theory and its first principles. Experimental verification of the theory and its predictions is also proposed.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2024

Lighthill's theory of sound generation in a non-isothermal medium

Lighthill's theory of sound generation was developed to calculate acoustic radiation from a narrow region of turbulent flow embedded in an infinite homogeneous fluid. The theory is extended to include a simple model of non-isothermal medium that allows finding analytical solutions. The effects of one specific temperature gradient on the wave generation and propagation are studied. It is shown that that presence of the temperature gradient in the region of wave generation leads to monopole and dipole sources of acoustic emission, and that the efficiency of these two sources may be higher than Lighthill's quadrupoles. In addition, the wave propagation far from the source is different than in Lighthill's original work because of the presence of the acoustic cutoff frequency resulting from the temperature gradient.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2023

Quantum Theory of Cold Dark Matter Halos

A nonrelativistic quantum theory of dark matter particles in a spherical halo is developed by using a new asymmetric equation, which is complementary to the Schrödinger equation. The theory predicts that each dark matter halo has its core and envelope with very distinct physical properties. The core is free of any quantum structure and its dark matter particles are in random motion and frequently collide with each other. However, the envelope has a global quantum structure that contains quantized orbits populated by the particles. Applications of the theory to dark matter halos with given density profiles are described, and physical implications and predictions of the theory are discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2023

Nonrelativistic Fundamental Quantum and Classical Wave Equations

The irreducible representations of the extended Galilean group are used to derive infinite sets of symmetric and asymmetric second-order differential equations with constant coeffcients. All derived equations are local and their Lagrangians exist. It is shown that the asymmetric equations are Galilean invariant but the symmetric ones are not. By specifying quantum and classical physical settings, the constants in the equations are determined and the fundamental wave equations, including the Schrödinger, Schrödinger-like and new asymmetric equations, are obtained; the derived wave equation is non-fundamental. Formulation of wave theories based on the fundamental and non-fundamental wave equaions is considered, and physical implications of these theories on the wave description are discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2023

A New Fundamental Asymmetric Wave Equation and its Application to Acoustic Wave Propagation

The irreducible representations of the extended Galilean group are used to derive the symmetric and asymmetric wave equations. It is shown that among these equations only a new asymmetric wave equation is fundamental. By being fundamental the equation gives the most complete description of propagating waves as it accounts for the Doppler effect, forward and backward waves, and makes the wave speed to be the same in all inertial frames. To demonstrate these properties, the equation is applied to acoustic waves propagation in an isothermal atmosphere, and to determine Lamb's cutoff frequency.

physics.class-ph↗

arXiv2022

On The Physical Non-Equivalence of Chiral Bases

In this letter we seek to redress lingering misconceptions pertaining to the physicality of the chiral phase of Dirac bi-spinor fields. Demonstrably, the most general first-order partial differential equation for spinor wavefunctions that can be obtained in Minkowski spacetime is the Dirac-like equation which leaves both the mass and chiral angles as free parameters, the so-called Chiral Dirac Equation. Previously, claims have plauged the literature which assert that any attempt to incorporate chirality by such a generalization can be trivially reduced to the case the nominal Dirac Equation. These statements are incorrect. In this letter we present a formal proof demonstrating the physical non-equivalence of particle states whose chiral angles differ, thereby demonstrating unequivocally the physicality of the chiral basis.

hep-th↗

arXiv2022

Numerical Simulations of Two-Fluid Magnetoacoustic Waves in the Solar Atmosphere

We study vertical variations of wave-periods of magnetoacoustic two-fluid waves in the partially ionized lower solar atmosphere, consisting of ion (proton) + electron and neutral (atomic hydrogen) fluids, which are coupled by ion-neutral collisions. The study allows finding the wave period cutoffs and their variations in the solar atmosphere, as well as establishing the role of these cutoffs in determining the wave propagation conditions. The atmosphere is permitted by a uniform vertical magnetic field. We perform numerical simulations in the framework of a one-dimensional (1D), two-fluid model in which plane waves are exited by a harmonic driver in the vertical ion and neutral velocities, operating at the bottom of the solar photosphere. We observe excitation of waves with cutoff wave-periods in addition to waves set directly by the driver. We also see that some waves exited by that driver can reach the solar corona. Despite of its limitations such as the lack of non-adiabatic and non-ideal terms and a simple 1D structure, the developed two-fluid model of the solar atmosphere sheds a new light on the role of cutoffs in setting up the wave propagation conditions in the solar atmosphere and finding periods of waves that may carry their energy from the solar surface to the corona.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2022

Two-fluid numerical model of chromospheric heating and plasma outflows in a quiet-Sun

\textbf{Purpose:} This paper addresses long-standing solar physics problems, namely, the heating of the solar chromosphere and the origin of the solar wind. Our aim is to reveal the related mechanisms behind chromospheric heating and plasma outflows in a quiet-Sun. \textbf{Methods:} The approach is based on a two-fluid numerical model that accounts for thermal non-equilibrium (ionization/recombination), non-adiabatic, and non-ideal dynamics of protons+electrons and hydrogen atoms. The model is applied to numerically simulate the propagation and dissipation of granulation-generated waves in the chromosphere and plasma flows inside a quiet region. \textbf{Results:} The obtained results demonstrate that collisions between protons+electrons and hydrogen atoms supplemented by plasma viscosity, magnetic resistivity, and recombination lead to thermal energy release, which compensates radiative and thermal losses in the chromosphere, and sustains the atmosphere with vertical profiles of averaged temperature and periods of generated waves that are consistent with recent observational data. \textbf{Conclusion:} Our model conjectures a most robust and global physical picture of granulation-generated wave motions, plasma flows, and subsequent heating, which form and dynamically couple the various layers of the solar atmosphere.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2022

New Role of Null Lagrangians in Derivation of Equations of Motion for Dynamical Systems

The space of Null Lagrangians is the least investigated territory in dynamics since they are identically sent to zero by their Euler-Lagrange operator and thereby having no effects on equations of motion. A humble effort to discover the relevance of these Null Lagrangians in dynamics is made by introducing a generalized procedure (with respect to the recent procedure introduced by the authors of this paper) that takes advantage of the null-ness of these Lagrangians to construct non-standard Lagrangians that represent a range of interesting dynamical systems. By using the generalized procedure, derivation of equations of motion for a harmonic oscillator as well as for the Bateman and Duffing oscillators is presented. The obtained results demonstrate a new role played by the null Lagrangians and their corresponding non-standard Lagrangians in describing linear and nonlinear, and dissipative and non-dissipative dynamical systems.

math-ph↗

arXiv2022

New Nonrelativistic Quantum Theory of Cold Dark Matter

Cold dark matter is conceived as a gas of massive particles that undergo collisions, interact gravitationaly, and exchange quanta of energy. A new nonrelativistic quantum theory is presented for this model of dark matter, based on recently discovered equation for a spinless, no charge, and free particle. This theory describes the quantum processes undergoing by the particles, specifies the required characteristic wavelength of the quanta of energy, gives constraints on mass of dark matter particles, and predicts a detectable gravitational wave background associated with dark matter halos.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2022

Null Lagrangians and Gauge Functions in Dynamical Systems: Forces and Nonlinearities

Among different Lagrangians, null Lagrangians are known for having identically zero the Euler-Lagrange equation and, therefore, they have no effects on the resulting equations of motion. However, there is a special family of null Lagrangians that can be used to convert linear and undriven equations of motion into nonlinear and driven ones. To identify this special family, general null Lagrangians and their gauge functions are constructed for second-order ordinary differential equations of motion describing one-dimensional dynamical systems. The gauge functions corresponding to forces and nonlinearities in a variety of known dynamical systems are presented and novel roles of these functions in dynamics are discussed.

math-ph↗

arXiv2022

Nonstandard Null Lagrangians and Gauge Functions and Dissipative Forces in Dynamics

Standard and non-standard Lagrangians that give the same equation of motion are significantly different in their forms, as the latter do not have terms that clearly discernable energy-like expressions. A special family of these Lagrangians are null Lagrangians and their gauge functions. It is shown that non-standard null Lagrangians and their gauge functions can be used to introduce dissipative forces to dynamical systems. With standard null Lagrangians being known for introducing non-dissipative forces, the presented results allow for a complete picture of novel roles played by null Lagrangians in introducing forces to dynamics. Applications of the results to Newton's laws are presented and their Galilean invariance is discussed.

math-ph↗

arXiv2022

Lagrangian Formalism in Biology: I. Standard Lagrangians and their Role in Population Dynamics

The Lagrangian formalism is developed for the population dynamics of interacting species that are described by several well-known models. The formalism is based on standard Lagrangians, which represent differences between the physical kinetic and potential energy-like terms. A method to derive these Lagrangians is presented and applied to selected theoretical models of the population dynamics. The role of the derived Lagrangians and the energy-like terms in the population dynamics is investigated and discussed. It is suggested that the obtained standard Lagrangians can be used to identify physical similarities between different population models.

q-bio.PE↗

arXiv2021

Nonstandard Null Lagrangians and gauge Functions for Newtonian Law of Inertia

New null Lagrangians and gauge functions are derived and they are called nonstandard because their forms are different than those previously found. The invariance of the action is used to make the Lagrangians and gauge functions exact. The first exact nonstandard null Lagrangian and its gauge function for the law of inertia are obtained, and their physical implications are discussed.

physics.class-ph↗