Particle productions in $p\bar{p}$ collisions in the PACIAE 4.0 model
We investigate the particle production in proton-antiproton ($p\bar{p}$) collisions using the PACIAE 4.0 model. The pseudorapidity density distributions ($dN_{\text{ch}}/d\eta$) and transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of charged particles from nonsingle diffractive (NSD) $p\bar{p}$ collisions agree well with the experimental data when using model parameters previously determined from nonsingle diffractive proton-proton ($pp$) collisions. Furthermore, we systematically compare results from both inelastic (INEL) and nonsingle diffractive $p\bar{p}$ and $pp$ collisions at the same energy to study the effect of the initial state (matter vs. antimatter) on the transverse momentum spectra of identified particles. Our results show that the net baryon-number difference in the initial state significantly enhances nucleon production at low collision energies, while its effect becomes negligible for high-multiplicity particles or at high collision energies, as expected. These findings further prove that the PACIAE 4.0 model is a versatile and reliable tool for studying high-energy collision physics.