arXiv subjects

Zeng Zeng

Publications and source records attributed to Zeng Zeng.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2021

Two Eyes Are Better Than One: Exploiting Binocular Correlation for Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Grading

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common eye conditions among diabetic patients. However, vision loss occurs primarily in the late stages of DR, and the symptoms of visual impairment, ranging from mild to severe, can vary greatly, adding to the burden of diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. Deep learning methods based on retinal images have achieved remarkable success in automatic DR grading, but most of them neglect that the presence of diabetes usually affects both eyes, and ophthalmologists usually compare both eyes concurrently for DR diagnosis, leaving correlations between left and right eyes unexploited. In this study, simulating the diagnostic process, we propose a two-stream binocular network to capture the subtle correlations between left and right eyes, in which, paired images of eyes are fed into two identical subnetworks separately during training. We design a contrastive grading loss to learn binocular correlation for five-class DR detection, which maximizes inter-class dissimilarity while minimizing the intra-class difference. Experimental results on the EyePACS dataset show the superiority of the proposed binocular model, outperforming monocular methods by a large margin.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2021

An Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) Method for Driving Distraction Detection Based on Lane-Keeping Performance

With the enrichment of smartphones, driving distractions caused by phone usages have become a threat to driving safety. A promising way to mitigate driving distractions is to detect them and give real-time safety warnings. However, existing detection algorithms face two major challenges, low user acceptance caused by in-vehicle camera sensors, and uncertain accuracy of pre-trained models due to drivers individual differences. Therefore, this study proposes a domain-specific automated machine learning (AutoML) to self-learn the optimal models to detect distraction based on lane-keeping performance data. The AutoML integrates the key modeling steps into an auto-optimizable pipeline, including knowledge-based feature extraction, feature selection by recursive feature elimination (RFE), algorithm selection, and hyperparameter auto-tuning by Bayesian optimization. An AutoML method based on XGBoost, termed AutoGBM, is built as the classifier for prediction and feature ranking. The model is tested based on driving simulator experiments of three driving distractions caused by phone usage: browsing short messages, browsing long messages, and answering a phone call. The proposed AutoGBM method is found to be reliable and promising to predict phone-related driving distractions, which achieves satisfactory results prediction, with a predictive power of 80\% on group level and 90\% on individual level accuracy. Moreover, the results also evoke the fact that each distraction types and drivers require different optimized hyperparameters values, which reconfirm the necessity of utilizing AutoML to detect driving distractions. The purposed AutoGBM not only produces better performance with fewer features; but also provides data-driven insights about system design.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2021

DSAL: Deeply Supervised Active Learning from Strong and Weak Labelers for Biomedical Image Segmentation

Image segmentation is one of the most essential biomedical image processing problems for different imaging modalities, including microscopy and X-ray in the Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) domain. However, annotating biomedical images is knowledge-driven, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, making it difficult to obtain abundant labels with limited costs. Active learning strategies come into ease the burden of human annotation, which queries only a subset of training data for annotation. Despite receiving attention, most of active learning methods generally still require huge computational costs and utilize unlabeled data inefficiently. They also tend to ignore the intermediate knowledge within networks. In this work, we propose a deep active semi-supervised learning framework, DSAL, combining active learning and semi-supervised learning strategies. In DSAL, a new criterion based on deep supervision mechanism is proposed to select informative samples with high uncertainties and low uncertainties for strong labelers and weak labelers respectively. The internal criterion leverages the disagreement of intermediate features within the deep learning network for active sample selection, which subsequently reduces the computational costs. We use the proposed criteria to select samples for strong and weak labelers to produce oracle labels and pseudo labels simultaneously at each active learning iteration in an ensemble learning manner, which can be examined with IoMT Platform. Extensive experiments on multiple medical image datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art active learning methods.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2021

Dynamic Planning of Bicycle Stations in Dockless Public Bicycle-sharing System Using Gated Graph Neural Network

Benefiting from convenient cycling and flexible parking locations, the Dockless Public Bicycle-sharing (DL-PBS) network becomes increasingly popular in many countries. However, redundant and low-utility stations waste public urban space and maintenance costs of DL-PBS vendors. In this paper, we propose a Bicycle Station Dynamic Planning (BSDP) system to dynamically provide the optimal bicycle station layout for the DL-PBS network. The BSDP system contains four modules: bicycle drop-off location clustering, bicycle-station graph modeling, bicycle-station location prediction, and bicycle-station layout recommendation. In the bicycle drop-off location clustering module, candidate bicycle stations are clustered from each spatio-temporal subset of the large-scale cycling trajectory records. In the bicycle-station graph modeling module, a weighted digraph model is built based on the clustering results and inferior stations with low station revenue and utility are filtered. Then, graph models across time periods are combined to create a graph sequence model. In the bicycle-station location prediction module, the GGNN model is used to train the graph sequence data and dynamically predict bicycle stations in the next period. In the bicycle-station layout recommendation module, the predicted bicycle stations are fine-tuned according to the government urban management plan, which ensures that the recommended station layout is conducive to city management, vendor revenue, and user convenience. Experiments on actual DL-PBS networks verify the effectiveness, accuracy and feasibility of the proposed BSDP system.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2021

Dynamic Bicycle Dispatching of Dockless Public Bicycle-sharing Systems using Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning

As a new generation of Public Bicycle-sharing Systems (PBS), the dockless PBS (DL-PBS) is an important application of cyber-physical systems and intelligent transportation. How to use AI to provide efficient bicycle dispatching solutions based on dynamic bicycle rental demand is an essential issue for DL-PBS. In this paper, we propose a dynamic bicycle dispatching algorithm based on multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL-BD) to provide the optimal bicycle dispatching solution for DL-PBS. We model the DL-PBS system from the perspective of CPS and use deep learning to predict the layout of bicycle parking spots and the dynamic demand of bicycle dispatching. We define the multi-route bicycle dispatching problem as a multi-objective optimization problem by considering the optimization objectives of dispatching costs, dispatch truck's initial load, workload balance among the trucks, and the dynamic balance of bicycle supply and demand. On this basis, the collaborative multi-route bicycle dispatching problem among multiple dispatch trucks is modeled as a multi-agent MORL model. All dispatch paths between parking spots are defined as state spaces, and the reciprocal of dispatching costs is defined as a reward. Each dispatch truck is equipped with an agent to learn the optimal dispatch path in the dynamic DL-PBS network. We create an elite list to store the Pareto optimal solutions of bicycle dispatch paths found in each action, and finally, get the Pareto frontier. Experimental results on the actual DL-PBS systems show that compared with existing methods, MORL-BD can find a higher quality Pareto frontier with less execution time.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2020

Sea-Net: Squeeze-And-Excitation Attention Net For Diabetic Retinopathy Grading

Diabetes is one of the most common disease in individuals. \textit{Diabetic retinopathy} (DR) is a complication of diabetes, which could lead to blindness. Automatic DR grading based on retinal images provides a great diagnostic and prognostic value for treatment planning. However, the subtle differences among severity levels make it difficult to capture important features using conventional methods. To alleviate the problems, a new deep learning architecture for robust DR grading is proposed, referred to as SEA-Net, in which, spatial attention and channel attention are alternatively carried out and boosted with each other, improving the classification performance. In addition, a hybrid loss function is proposed to further maximize the inter-class distance and reduce the intra-class variability. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2020

A Hierarchical Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Gated Recurrent Unit Framework for Structural Damage Detection

Structural damage detection has become an interdisciplinary area of interest for various engineering fields, while the available damage detection methods are being in the process of adapting machine learning concepts. Most machine learning based methods heavily depend on extracted ``hand-crafted" features that are manually selected in advance by domain experts and then, fixed. Recently, deep learning has demonstrated remarkable performance on traditional challenging tasks, such as image classification, object detection, etc., due to the powerful feature learning capabilities. This breakthrough has inspired researchers to explore deep learning techniques for structural damage detection problems. However, existing methods have considered either spatial relation (e.g., using convolutional neural network (CNN)) or temporal relation (e.g., using long short term memory network (LSTM)) only. In this work, we propose a novel Hierarchical CNN and Gated recurrent unit (GRU) framework to model both spatial and temporal relations, termed as HCG, for structural damage detection. Specifically, CNN is utilized to model the spatial relations and the short-term temporal dependencies among sensors, while the output features of CNN are fed into the GRU to learn the long-term temporal dependencies jointly. Extensive experiments on IASC-ASCE structural health monitoring benchmark and scale model of three-span continuous rigid frame bridge structure datasets have shown that our proposed HCG outperforms other existing methods for structural damage detection significantly.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2020

Multi-Instance Multi-Label Learning for Gene Mutation Prediction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Gene mutation prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is of great diagnostic and prognostic value for personalized treatments and precision medicine. In this paper, we tackle this problem with multi-instance multi-label learning to address the difficulties on label correlations, label representations, etc. Furthermore, an effective oversampling strategy is applied for data imbalance. Experimental results have shown the superiority of the proposed approach.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2020

Multi-Phase Cross-modal Learning for Noninvasive Gene Mutation Prediction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Understanding the underlying gene mutations in HCC provides great prognostic value for treatment planning and targeted therapy. Radiogenomics has revealed an association between non-invasive imaging features and molecular genomics. However, imaging feature identification is laborious and error-prone. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning framework for mutation prediction in APOB, COL11A1 and ATRX genes using multiphasic CT scans. Considering intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH) in HCC, multi-region sampling technology is implemented to generate the dataset for experiments. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

q-bio.QM↗

arXiv2020

Multi-Target Deep Learning for Algal Detection and Classification

Water quality has a direct impact on industry, agriculture, and public health. Algae species are common indicators of water quality. It is because algal communities are sensitive to changes in their habitats, giving valuable knowledge on variations in water quality. However, water quality analysis requires professional inspection of algal detection and classification under microscopes, which is very time-consuming and tedious. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-target deep learning framework for algal detection and classification. Extensive experiments were carried out on a large-scale colored microscopic algal dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method leads to the promising performance on algal detection, class identification and genus identification.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2020

Deeply Supervised Active Learning for Finger Bones Segmentation

Segmentation is a prerequisite yet challenging task for medical image analysis. In this paper, we introduce a novel deeply supervised active learning approach for finger bones segmentation. The proposed architecture is fine-tuned in an iterative and incremental learning manner. In each step, the deep supervision mechanism guides the learning process of hidden layers and selects samples to be labeled. Extensive experiments demonstrated that our method achieves competitive segmentation results using less labeled samples as compared with full annotation.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2019

Ordered or Orderless: A Revisit for Video based Person Re-Identification

Is recurrent network really necessary for learning a good visual representation for video based person re-identification (VPRe-id)? In this paper, we first show that the common practice of employing recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to aggregate temporal spatial features may not be optimal. Specifically, with a diagnostic analysis, we show that the recurrent structure may not be effective to learn temporal dependencies than what we expected and implicitly yields an orderless representation. Based on this observation, we then present a simple yet surprisingly powerful approach for VPRe-id, where we treat VPRe-id as an efficient orderless ensemble of image based person re-identification problem. More specifically, we divide videos into individual images and re-identify person with ensemble of image based rankers. Under the i.i.d. assumption, we provide an error bound that sheds light upon how could we improve VPRe-id. Our work also presents a promising way to bridge the gap between video and image based person re-identification. Comprehensive experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed solution achieves state-of-the-art performances on multiple widely used datasets (iLIDS-VID, PRID 2011, and MARS).

cs.CV↗

arXiv2019

FaultNet: Faulty Rail-Valves Detection using Deep Learning and Computer Vision

Regular inspection of rail valves and engines is an important task to ensure the safety and efficiency of railway networks around the globe. Over the past decade, computer vision and pattern recognition based techniques have gained traction for such inspection and defect detection tasks. An automated end-to-end trained system can potentially provide a low-cost, high throughput, and cheap alternative to manual visual inspection of these components. However, such systems require a huge amount of defective images for networks to understand complex defects. In this paper, a multi-phase deep learning based technique is proposed to perform accurate fault detection of rail-valves. Our approach uses a two-step method to perform high precision image segmentation of rail-valves resulting in pixel-wise accurate segmentation. Thereafter, a computer vision technique is used to identify faulty valves. We demonstrate that the proposed approach results in improved detection performance when compared to current state-of-theart techniques used in fault detection.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2019

Cribriform pattern detection in prostate histopathological images using deep learning models

Architecture, size, and shape of glands are most important patterns used by pathologists for assessment of cancer malignancy in prostate histopathological tissue slides. Varying structures of glands along with cumbersome manual observations may result in subjective and inconsistent assessment. Cribriform gland with irregular border is an important feature in Gleason pattern 4. We propose using deep neural networks for cribriform pattern classification in prostate histopathological images. $163708$ Hematoxylin and Eosin (H\&E) stained images were extracted from histopathologic tissue slides of $19$ patients with prostate cancer and annotated for cribriform patterns. Our automated image classification system analyses the H\&E images to classify them as either `Cribriform' or `Non-cribriform'. Our system uses various deep learning approaches and hand-crafted image pixel intensity-based features. We present our results for cribriform pattern detection across various parameters and configuration allowed by our system. The combination of fine-tuned deep learning models outperformed the state-of-art nuclei feature based methods. Our image classification system achieved the testing accuracy of $85.93~\pm~7.54$ (cross-validated) and $88.04~\pm~5.63$ ( additional unseen test set) across three folds. In this paper, we present an annotated cribriform dataset along with analysis of deep learning models and hand-crafted features for cribriform pattern detection in prostate histopathological images.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2019

Robust Regression via Deep Negative Correlation Learning

Nonlinear regression has been extensively employed in many computer vision problems (e.g., crowd counting, age estimation, affective computing). Under the umbrella of deep learning, two common solutions exist i) transforming nonlinear regression to a robust loss function which is jointly optimizable with the deep convolutional network, and ii) utilizing ensemble of deep networks. Although some improved performance is achieved, the former may be lacking due to the intrinsic limitation of choosing a single hypothesis and the latter usually suffers from much larger computational complexity. To cope with those issues, we propose to regress via an efficient "divide and conquer" manner. The core of our approach is the generalization of negative correlation learning that has been shown, both theoretically and empirically, to work well for non-deep regression problems. Without extra parameters, the proposed method controls the bias-variance-covariance trade-off systematically and usually yields a deep regression ensemble where each base model is both "accurate" and "diversified". Moreover, we show that each sub-problem in the proposed method has less Rademacher Complexity and thus is easier to optimize. Extensive experiments on several diverse and challenging tasks including crowd counting, personality analysis, age estimation, and image super-resolution demonstrate the superiority over challenging baselines as well as the versatility of the proposed method.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2019

A Deep Framework for Bone Age Assessment based on Finger Joint Localization

Bone age assessment is an important clinical trial to measure skeletal child maturity and diagnose of growth disorders. Conventional approaches such as the Tanner-Whitehouse (TW) and Greulich and Pyle (GP) may not perform well due to their large inter-observer and intra-observer variations. In this paper, we propose a finger joint localization strategy to filter out most non-informative parts of images. When combining with the conventional full image-based deep network, we observe a much-improved performance. % Our approach utilizes full hand and specific joints images for skeletal maturity prediction. In this study, we applied powerful deep neural network and explored a process in the forecast of skeletal bone age with the specifically combine joints images to increase the performance accuracy compared with the whole hand images.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2019

Semi-Supervised Self-Taught Deep Learning for Finger Bones Segmentation

Segmentation stands at the forefront of many high-level vision tasks. In this study, we focus on segmenting finger bones within a newly introduced semi-supervised self-taught deep learning framework which consists of a student network and a stand-alone teacher module. The whole system is boosted in a life-long learning manner wherein each step the teacher module provides a refinement for the student network to learn with newly unlabeled data. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over conventional supervised deep learning methods.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2018

Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Polymers Property Prediction

A fast and accurate predictive tool for polymer properties is demanding and will pave the way to iterative inverse design. In this work, we apply graph convolutional neural networks (GCNN) to predict the dielectric constant and energy bandgap of polymers. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculated properties as the ground truth, GCNN can achieve remarkable agreement with DFT results. Moreover, we show that GCNN outperforms other machine learning algorithms. Our work proves that GCNN relies only on morphological data of polymers and removes the requirement for complicated hand-crafted descriptors, while still offering accuracy in fast predictions.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗