Reconfigurable wavelength-encoded stochastic illumination for active hyperspectral imaging
Traditional hyperspectral imaging (HSI) relies on sequential scanning with complex and bulky hardware, inherently limiting its temporal resolution while increasing system complexity and cost. Computational HSI offers cost-effective alternatives with simplified hardware. However, most existing computational methods rely on fixed spectral encoding units, which lack adaptability for different spectral tasks. Here, we present a reconfigurable optical stochastic encoding (ROSE) framework with programmable illumination, which can be adaptively optimized for different spectral tasks, for high-throughput, compressive HSI. By leveraging an array of monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs), we synthesize stochastic spectral patterns that enable compressive acquisition using a standard monochrome camera. The proposed framework allows dynamic reconfiguration of illumination patterns, making it adaptable to diverse imaging requirements. We experimentally validate the proposed method and achieve HSI with a spatial resolution of 2048 by 1536, reconstructing 60 spectral bands across the spectral range of 400-700 nm. Furthermore, we introduce an automatic optimization strategy to search for optimal illuminations tailored to specific tasks, improving both reconstruction accuracy and task-oriented performance. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in applications including anti-counterfeiting inspection and oral imaging, and further validate its compatibility with standard microscope and endoscope systems. The developed ROSE illumination module could serve as a universal, plug-and-play add-on for conventional cameras and existing optical systems, providing a cost-effective pathway to upgrade them into high-performance, task-adaptive HSI systems.