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Zhen-Hang Yang

Publications and source records attributed to Zhen-Hang Yang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Monotonicity and inequalities for ratios of Bernoulli polynomials and numbers

In the work, the authors establish the monotonicity of the ratios $$ \frac{B_{2\ell-1}(s)}{B_{2\ell+1}(s)}, \quad \frac{B_{2\ell}(s)}{B_{2\ell+1}(s)}, \quad \frac{B_{2m}(s)}{B_{2\ell}(s)}, \quad \frac{B_{2\ell}(s)}{B_{2\ell-1}(s)}, $$ where $B_\ell(s)$ denotes the Bernoulli polynomials. Using these newly established monotonicity properties, the authors derive several new inequalities and also recover a number of known inequalities involving the Bernoulli polynomials $B_\ell(s)$, the Bernoulli numbers $B_{2\ell}$, and their ratios such as $\frac{B_{2\ell+2}}{B_{2\ell}}$.

math.GM

Extension of a complete monotonicity theorem with applications

Let $F_{p}(x) =L( t^{p}f(t)) =\int_{0}^{\infty }t^{p}f(t) e^{-xt}dt$ converge on $(0,\infty)$ for $p\in \mathbb{N}_{0}=\mathbb{N}\cup{0}$, where $f(t)$ is positive on $(0,\infty)$. In a recent paper [Z.-H. Yang, A complete monotonicity theorem related to Fink's inequality with applications, \emph{J. Math. Anal. Appl.} \textbf{551} (2025), no. 1, Paper no. 129600], the author proved the sufficient conditions for the function \begin{equation*} x\mapsto \prod_{j=1}^{n}F_{p_{j}}(x) -λ_{n}\prod_{j=1}^{n}F_{q_{j}}(x) \end{equation*} to be completely monotonic on $(0,\infty)$ by induction, where $\boldsymbol{p}_{[n] }=(p_{1},...,p_{n}) $ and $ \boldsymbol{q}_{[n] }=(q_{1},...,q_{n}) \in \mathbb{N }_{0}^{n}$ for $n\geq 2$ satisfy $\boldsymbol{p}_{[n] }\prec \boldsymbol{q}_{[n]}$ However, the proof of the inductive step is wrong. In this paper, we prove the above result also holds for $ \boldsymbol{p}_[n]},\boldsymbol{q}_{[n] }\in \mathbb{I}^{k}$, where $\mathbb{I}\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ is an interval, which extends the above result and correct the error in the proof of the inductive step mentioned above. As applications of the extension of the known result, four complete monotonicity propositions involving the Hurwitz zeta function, alternating Hurwitz zeta function, the confluent hypergeometric function of the second and Mills ratio are established, which yield corresponding Turán type inequalities for these special functions.

math.CA

Some new properties of the beta function and Ramanujan R-function

In this paper, the power series and hypergeometric series representations of the beta and Ramanujan functions \begin{equation*} \mathcal{B}\left( x\right) =\frac{Γ\left( x\right)^{2}}{Γ\left( 2x\right) }\text{ and }\mathcal{R}\left( x\right) =-2ψ\left( x\right) -2γ\end{equation*} are presented, which yield higher order monotonicity results related to $ \mathcal{B}(x)$ and $\mathcal{R}(x)$; the decreasing property of the functions $\mathcal{R}\left( x\right) /\mathcal{B}\left( x\right) $ and $[ \mathcal{B}(x) -\mathcal{R}(x)] /x^{2}$ on $\left( 0,\infty \right)$ are proved. Moreover, a conjecture put forward by Qiu et al. in [17] is proved to be true. As applications, several inequalities and identities are deduced. These results obtained in this paper may be helpful for the study of certain special functions. Finally, an interesting infinite series similar to Riemann zeta functions is observed initially.

math.CA

Absolutely monotonic functions related to the asymptotic formula for the complete elliptic integral of the first kind

Let $\mathcal{K}\left( x\right) $ be the complete elliptic integral of the first kind and \begin{equation*} \mathcal{G}_{p}\left( x\right) =e^{\mathcal{K}\left( \sqrt{x} \right) }-\frac{p}{\sqrt{1-x}} \end{equation*} for $p\in \mathbb{R}$ and $x\in \left( 0,1\right) $. In this paper we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the functions $\pm \mathcal{G} _{p}^{\left( k\right) }\left( x\right) $ ($k\in \mathbb{N\cup }\left\{ 0\right\} $) to be absolutely monotonic on $\left( 0,1\right) $, which extend previous known results and yield several new functional inequalities involving the complete elliptic integral of the first kind. More importantly, we provide a new method to deal with those absolute monotonicity problem by proving the monotonicity of a sequence generated by the coefficients of the power series of $\mathcal{G}_{p}\left( x\right) $.

math.CA

Recurrence relations of coefficients involving hypergeometric function with an application

For $a,b,p\in \mathbb{R}$, $-c\notin \mathbb{N\cup }\left\{ 0\right\} $ and $ θ\in \left[ -1,1\right] $, let \begin{equation*} U_{θ}\left( x\right) =\left( 1-θx\right) ^{p}F\left( a,b;c;x\right) =\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }u_{n}\left( θ\right) x^{n}. \end{equation*}% In this paper, we prove that the coefficients $u_{n}\left( θ\right) $ for $n\geq 0$ satisfies a 3-order recurrence relation. In particular, $ u_{n}\left( 1\right) $ satisfies a 2-order recurrence relation. These offer a new way to study for hypergeometric function. As an example, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions such that a hypergeometric mean value is Schur m-power convex or concave on $\mathbb{R}_{+}^{2}$.

math.CA

The monotonicity rules for the ratio of two Laplace transforms with applications

Let $f$ and $g$ be both continuous functions on $\left( 0,\infty \right) $ with $g\left( t\right) >0$ for $t\in \left( 0,\infty \right) $ and let $ F\left( x\right) =\mathcal{L}\left( f\right) $, $G\left( x\right) =\mathcal{L }\left( g\right) $ be respectively the Laplace transforms of $f$ and $g$ converging for $x>0$. We prove that if there is a $t^{\ast }\in \left( 0,\infty \right) $ such that $f/g$ is strictly increasing on $\left( 0,t^{\ast }\right) $ and strictly decreasing on $\left( t^{\ast },\infty \right) $, then the ratio $F/G$ is decreasing on $\left( 0,\infty \right) $ if and only if \begin{equation*} H_{F,G}\left( 0^{+}\right) =\lim_{x\rightarrow 0^{+}}\left( \frac{F^{\prime }\left( x\right) }{G^{\prime }\left( x\right) }G\left( x\right) -F\left( x\right) \right) \geq 0, \end{equation*} with \begin{equation*} \lim_{x\rightarrow 0^{+}}\frac{F\left( x\right) }{G\left( x\right) } =\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty }\frac{f\left( t\right) }{g\left( t\right) }\text{ \ and \ }\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty }\frac{F\left( x\right) }{G\left( x\right) }=\lim_{t\rightarrow 0^{+}}\frac{f\left( t\right) }{g\left( t\right) } \end{equation*} provide the indicated limits exist. While $H_{F,G}\left( 0^{+}\right) <0$, there is at leas one $x^{\ast }>0$ such that $F/G$ is increasing on $\left( 0,x^{\ast }\right) $ and decreasing on $\left( x^{\ast },\infty \right) $. As applications of this monotonicity rule, a unified treatment for certain bounds of psi function is presented, and some properties of the modified Bessel functions of the second are established. These show that the monotonicity rules in this paper may contribute to study for certain special functions because many special functions can be expressed as corresponding Laplace transforms.

math.CA

Two asymptotic expansions for gamma function developed by Windschitl's formula

In this paper, we develop Windschitl's approximation formula for the gamma function to two asymptotic expansions by using a little known power series. In particular, for $n\in \mathbb{N}$ with $n\geq 4$, we have \begin{equation*} Γ\left( x+1\right) =\sqrt{2πx}\left( \tfrac{x}{e}\right) ^{x}\left( x\sinh \tfrac{1}{x}\right) ^{x/2}\exp \left( \sum_{k=3}^{n-1}\tfrac{\left( 2k\left( 2k-2\right) !-2^{2k-1}\right) B_{2k}}{2k\left( 2k\right) !x^{2k-1}} +R_{n}\left( x\right) \right) \end{equation*} with \begin{equation*} \left| R_{n}\left( x\right) \right| \leq \frac{\left| B_{2n}\right| }{2n\left( 2n-1\right) }\frac{1}{x^{2n-1}} \end{equation*} for all $x>0$, where $B_{2n}$ is the Bernoulli number. Moreover, we present some approximation formulas for gamma function related to Windschitl's approximation one, which have higher accuracy.

math.CA

An accurate approximation formula for gamma function

In this paper, we present a very accurate approximation for gamma function: \begin{equation*} Γ\left( x+1\right) \thicksim \sqrt{2πx}\left( \dfrac{x}{e}\right) ^{x}\left( x\sinh \frac{1}{x}\right) ^{x/2}\exp \left( \frac{7}{324}\frac{1}{ x^{3}\left( 35x^{2}+33\right) }\right) =W_{2}\left( x\right) \end{equation*} as $x\rightarrow \infty $, and prove that the function $x\mapsto \ln Γ\left( x+1\right) -\ln W_{2}\left( x\right) $ is strictly decreasing and convex from $\left( 1,\infty \right) $ onto $\left( 0,β\right) $, where \begin{equation*} β=\frac{22\,025}{22\,032}-\ln \sqrt{2π\sinh 1}\approx 0.00002407. \end{equation*}

math.CA

Convexity and monotonicity for the elliptic integrals of the first kind and applications

The elliptic integral and its various generalizations are playing very important and basic role in different branches of modern mathematics. It is well known that they cannot be represented by the elementary transcendental functions. Therefore, there is a need for sharp computable bounds for the family of integrals. In this paper, by virtue of two new tools, we study monotonicity and convexity of certain combinations of the complete elliptic integrals of the first kind, and obtain new sharp bounds and inequalities for them. In particular, we prove that the function $\mathcal{K}\left( \sqrt{% x}\right) /\ln \left( c/\sqrt{1-x}\right) $ is concave on $\left( 0,1\right) $ if and only if $c=e^{4/3}$, where $\mathcal{K}$ denotes the complete elliptic integrals of the first kind.

math.CA

Very accurate approximations for the elliptic integrals of the second kind in terms of Stolarsky means

For $a,b>0$ with $a\neq b$, the Stolarsky means are defined by% \begin{equation*} S_{p,q}\left(a,b\right) =\left({\dfrac{q(a^{p}-b^{p})}{p(a^{q}-b^{q})}}% \right) ^{1/(p-q)}\text{if}pq\left(p-q\right) \neq 0 \end{equation*}% and $S_{p,q}\left(a,b\right) $ is defined as its limits at $p=0$ or $q=0$ or $p=q$ if $pq\left(p-q\right) =0$. The complete elliptic integrals of the second kind $E$ is defined on $\left(0,1\right) $ by% \begin{equation*} E\left(r\right) =\int_{0}^{π/2}\sqrt{1-r^{2}\sin ^{2}t}dt. \end{equation*}% We prove that the functions% \begin{equation*} F\left(r\right) =\frac{1-\left(2/π\right) E\left(r\right)}{% 1-S_{11/4,7/4}\left(1,r^{\prime}\right)}\text{and}G\left(r\right) =% \frac{1-\left(2/π\right) E\left(r\right)}{1-S_{5/2,2}\left(1,r^{\prime}\right)} \end{equation*}% are strictly decreasing and increasing on $\left(0,1\right) $, respectively, where $r^{\prime}=\sqrt{1-r^{2}}$. These yield some very accurate approximations for the complete elliptic integrals of the second kind, which greatly improve some known results.

math.CA

Some sharp inequalities for the Toader-Qi mean

The Toader-Qi mean of positive numbers $a$ and $b$ defined by \begin{equation*} TQ\left( a,b\right) =\frac{2}{π}\int_{0}^{π/2}a^{\cos ^{2}θ}b^{\sin ^{2}θ}dθ\end{equation*} is related to the modified Bessel function of the first kind. In this paper, we present several properties of this mean, and establish some sharp inequalities for this mean in terms of power and logarithmic means. From these a nice chain of inequalities involving Gauss compound mean, Toader mean and Toader-Qi mean is presented.

math.CA

Optimal evaluations for the Sándor-Yang mean by power mean

In this paper, we prove that the double inequality $M_{p}(a,b) 0$ with $a\neq b$ if and only if $p\leq 4\log 2/(4+2\log 2-π)=1.2351\cdots$ and $q\geq 4/3$, where $% M_{r}(a,b)=[(a^{r}+b^{r})/2]^{1/r}$ $(r\neq 0)$ and $M_{0}(a,b)=\sqrt{ab}$ is the $r$th power mean, $B(a,b)=Q(a,b)e^{A(a,b)/T(a,b)-1}$ is the Sá% ndor-Yang mean, $A(a,b)=(a+b)/2$, $Q(a,b)=\sqrt{(a^{2}+b^{2})/2}$ and $% T(a,b)=(a-b)/[2\arctan((a-b)/(a+b))]$.

math.CA

A new way to prove L'Hospital Monotone Rules with applications

Let $-\infty \leq a<b\leq \infty $. Let $f$ and $g$ be differentiable functions on $(a,b)$ and let $g^{\prime }\neq 0$ on $(a,b)$. By introducing an auxiliary function $H_{f,g}:=\left( f^{\prime }/g^{\prime }\right) g-f$, we easily prove L'Hoipital rules for monotonicity. This offer a natural and concise way so that those rules are easier to be understood. Using our L'Hospital Piecewise Monotone Rules (for short, LPMR), we establish three new sharp inequalities for hyperbolic and trigonometric functions as well as bivariate means, which supplement certain known results.

math.CA

Several completely monotone functions related to DeTemple's sequence

In this paper, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions such that several functions involving $R\left( x\right) =ψ\left( x+1/2\right) -\ln x$ with a parameter are completely monotone on $\left( 0,\infty \right) $, where $ψ$ is the digamma function. This generalizes some known results and verifies a conjecture posed by Chen.

math.CA

Asymptotic formulas for the gamma function constructed by bivariate means

Let $K,M,N$ denote three bivariate means. In the paper, the author prove the asymptotic formulas for the gamma function have the form of% \begin{equation*} Γ\left( x+1\right) \thicksim \sqrt{2π}M\left( x+θ,x+1-θ\right) ^{K\left( x+ε,x+1-ε\right) }e^{-N\left( x+σ,x+1-σ\right) } \end{equation*}% or% \begin{equation*} Γ\left( x+1\right) \thicksim \sqrt{2π}M\left( x+θ,x+σ\right) ^{K\left( x+ε,x+1-ε\right) }e^{-M\left( x+θ,x+σ\right) } \end{equation*}% as $x\rightarrow \infty $, where $ε,θ,σ$ are fixed real numbers. This idea can be extended to the psi and polygamma functions. As examples, some new asymptotic formulas for the gamma function are presented.

math.CA

New sharp Cusa--Huygens type inequalities for trigonometric and hyperbolic functions

We prove that for $p\in (0,1]$, the double inequality% \begin{equation*} \tfrac{1}{3p^{2}}\cos px+1-\tfrac{1}{3p^{2}}<\frac{\sin x}{x}<\tfrac{1}{% 3q^{2}}\cos qx+1-\tfrac{1}{3q^{2}} \end{equation*}% holds for $x\in (0,π/2)$ if and only if $0 0$ if and only if $0<p\leq p_{1}=\sqrt{15}/5$ and $q\geq 1$. As applications, some more accurate estimates for certain mathematical constants are derived, and some new and sharp inequalities for Schwab-Borchardt mean\ and logarithmic means are established.

math.CA

The monotonicity and convexity of a function involving digamma one and their applications

Let $\mathcal{L}(x,a)$ be defined on $\left( -1,\infty \right) \times \left( 4/15,\infty \right) $ or $\left( 0,\infty \right) \times \left( 1/15,\infty \right) $ by the formula% \begin{equation*} \mathcal{L}(x,a)=\tfrac{1}{90a^{2}+2}\ln \left( x^{2}+x+\tfrac{3a+1}{3}% \right) +\tfrac{45a^{2}}{90a^{2}+2}\ln \left( x^{2}+x+\allowbreak \tfrac{% 15a-1}{45a}\right) . \end{equation*} We investigate the monotonicity and convexity of the function $x\rightarrow F_{a}\left( x\right) =ψ\left( x+1\right) -\mathcal{L}(x,a)$, where $ψ$ denotes the Psi function. And, we determine the best parameter $a$ such that the inequality $ψ\left( x+1\right) <\left( >\right) \mathcal{L}% (x,a) $ holds for $x\in \left( -1,\infty \right) $ or $\left( 0,\infty \right) $, and then, some new and very high accurate sharp bounds for pis function and harmonic numbers are presented. As applications, we construct a sequence $\left( l_{n}\left( a\right) \right) $ defined by $l_{n}\left( a\right) =H_{n}-\mathcal{L}\left( n,a\right) $, which gives extremely accurate values for $γ$.

math.CA

On Lazarevic and Cusa type inequalities for hyperbolic functions with two parameters

In this paper, by investigating the monotonicity of a function composed of $% \left( \sinh x\right) /x$ and $\cosh x$ with two parameters in $x$ on $% \left( 0,\infty \right) $, we prove serval theorems related to inequalities for hyperbolic functions, which generalize known results and establish some new and sharp inequalities. As applications, some new and sharp inequalities for bivariate means are presented.

math.CA