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Zhen-Hua Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Zhen-Hua Zhang.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

A novel observable for $C\!P$ violation in multi-body decays and its application potential to charm and beauty meson decays

A novel observable measuring the $C\!P$ asymmetry in multi-body decays of heavy mesons, which is called the forward-backward asymmetry induced $C\!P$ asymmetry (FBI-$C\!P$A), $A_{CP}^{FB}$, is introduced. This observable has the dual advantages that 1) it can isolate the $C\!P$ asymmetry associated with the interference of the $S$- and $P$-wave amplitude from that associated with the $S$- or $P$-wave amplitude alone; 2) it can effectively almost double the statistics comparing to the conventionally defined regional $C\!P$ asymmetry. We also suggest to perform the measurements of FBI-$C\!P$A in some three-body decay channels of charm and beauty mesons.

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A novel strategy for searching for $C\!P$ violations in the baryon sector

Despite the large baryon-anti-baryon asymmetry in the observable Universe, the closely related phenomenon -- the violation of the combined charge and parity symmetry ($C\!P$V) -- has not been observed in the baryon sector in laboratories. In this paper, a new strategy for searching for $C\!P$V in heavy hadron multi-body decays is proposed, in which a set of novel observables measuring $C\!P$V in such decays -- the partial wave $C\!P$ asymmetries (PW$C\!P$As) -- are introduced. This strategy is model-independent and applicable to multi-body decays of heavy hadrons with arbitrary spin configurations in both initial and final states, and with any number of particles in the final state. It is especially applicable for $C\!P$V investigations in multi-body decays of heavy baryons. As applications of this strategy, we suggest to measure the PW$C\!P$As in some decay channels of bottom baryons such as $Λ_b^0\to p π^-π^+π^-$, $Λ_b\to p K^- π^+π^-$, $Λ^0_b\to pπ^-K^+K^-$, $Λ_b^0\toΛK^+π^-$, and $Λ_b^0\to p π^- K_s$.}

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$D^{\pm}D^{*\mp}$ Hadronic Atom as a Key to Revealing the $X(3872)$ Mystery

The $X(3872)$, whose mass coincides with the $D^0\bar D^{*0}$ threshold, is the most extended hadron object. Since its discovery in 2003, debates have never stopped regarding its internal structure. We propose a new object, the $X$ atom, which is the $D^\pm D^{*\mp}$ composite system with positive charge parity and a mass of $(3879.89\pm0.07)$ MeV, formed mainly due to the Coulomb force. We show that a null signal of the $X$ atom can be used to put a lower limit on the binding energy of the $X(3872)$. From the current knowledge of the $X(3872)$ properties, the production rate for the $X$ atom relative to the $X(3872)$ in $B$ decays and at hadron colliders should be at least $1\times10^{-3}$. New insights into the $X(3872)$ will be obtained through studying the $X$ atom.

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The impact of $a_0^0(980)-f_0(980)$ mixing on the localized $CP$ violations of the $B^-\rightarrow K^- π^+π^-$ decay

In the framework of the QCD factorization approach, we study the localized $CP$ violations of the $B^-\rightarrow K^- π^+π^-$ decay with and without $a_0^0(980)-f_0(980)$ mixing mechanism, respectively, and find that the localized $CP$ violation can be enhanced by this mixing effect when the mass of the $π^+π^-$ pair is in the vicinity of the $f_0(980)$ resonance. The corresponding theoretical prediction results are $\mathcal{A}_{CP}(B^-\rightarrow K f_0 \rightarrow K^-π^+π^-)=[0.24, 0.36]$ and $\mathcal{A}_{CP}(B^-\rightarrow K^- f_0(a_0) \rightarrow K^-π^+π^-)=[0.33, 0.52]$, respectively. Meanwhile, we also calculate the branching fraction of the $B^-\rightarrow K^-f_0(980)\rightarrow K^-π^+π^-$ decay, which is consistent with the experimental results. We suggest that $a_0^0(980)-f_0(980)$ mixing mechanism should be considered when studying the $CP$ violation of the $B$ or $D$ mesons decays theoretically and experimentally.

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$ρ-ω$ mixing contribution to the measured $CP$ asymmetry of $B^\pm\to ωK^\pm$

We study the $CP$ asymmetry of $B^\pm\to ωK^\pm$ with the inclusion of the $ρ-ω$ mixing mechanism. It is shown that the $CP$ asymmetry of $B^\pm\toωK^\pm$ experimentally measured ($A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}$) and conventionally defined ($A_{CP}^{\text{con}}$) are in fact different, which relation can be illustrated as $A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}=A_{CP}^{\text{con}}+ΔA_{CP}^{ρω}$, with $ΔA_{CP}^{ρω}$ the $ρ-ω$ mixing contribution to $A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}$. $A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}$ is in fact the regional $CP$ asymmetry of $B^\pm\toπ^+π^-π^0 K^\pm$ when the invariant mass of the three pions lies in the vicinity of the $ω$ resonance. The numerical value of $ΔA_{CP}^{ρω}$ is extracted from the experimental data of $B^\pm\toπ^+π^-K^\pm$ and is found to be comparable with $A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}$, hence, nonnegligible. The conventionally defined $CP$ asymmetry, $A_{CP}^{\text{con}}$, is obtained from the values of $A_{CP}^{\text{exp}}$ and $ΔA_{CP}^{ρω}$, and is compared with the theoretical calculations in the literature.

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Rotational excitations in rare-earth nuclei: a comparative study within three cranking models with different mean fields and the treatments of pairing correlations

High-spin rotational bands in rare-earth Er ($Z=68$), Tm ($Z=69$) and Yb ($Z=70$) isotopes are investigated by three different nuclear models. These are (i) the cranked relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (CRHB) approach with approximate particle number projection by means of the Lipkin-Nogami (LN) method, (ii) the cranking covariant density functional theory (CDFT) with pairing correlations treated by a shell-model-like approach (SLAP) or the so called particle-number conserving (PNC) method, and (iii) cranked shell model (CSM) based on the Nilsson potential with pairing correlations treated by the PNC method. A detailed comparison between these three models in the description of the ground state rotational bands of even-even Er and Yb isotopes is performed. The similarities and differences between these models in the description of the moments of inertia, the features of band crossings, equilibrium deformations and pairing energies of even-even nuclei under study are discussed. These quantities are considered as a function of rotational frequency and proton and neutron numbers. The changes in the properties of the first band crossings with increasing neutron number in this mass region are investigated. On average, a comparable accuracy of the description of available experimental data is achieved in these models. However, the differences between model predictions become larger above the first band crossings. Because of time-consuming nature of numerical calculations in the CDFT-based models, a systematic study of the rotational properties of both ground state and excited state bands in odd-mass Tm nuclei is carried out only by the PNC-SCM. With few exceptions, the rotational properties of experimental 1-quasiparticle and 3-quasiparticle bands in $^{165,167,169,171}$Tm are reproduced reasonably well.

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Theoretical investigation of the antimagnetic rotation in $^{104}$Pd

The particle-number-conserving method based on the cranked shell model is used to investigate the antimagnetic rotation band in $^{104}$Pd. The experimental moments of inertia and reduced $B(E2)$ transition probabilities are reproduced well. The $J^{(2)}/B(E2)$ ratios are also discussed. The occupation probability of each orbital close to the Fermi surface and the contribution of each major shell to the total angular momentum alignment with rotational frequency are analyzed. The backbending mechanism of the ground state band in $^{104}$Pd is understood clearly and the configuration of the antimagnetic rotation after backbending is clarified. In addition, the crossing of a four quasiparticle states with this antimagnetic rotation band is also predicted. By examining the the closing of the four proton hole angular momenta towards the neutron angular momenta, the "two-shears-like" mechanism for this antimagnetic rotation is investigated and two stages of antimagnetic rotation in $^{104}$Pd are seen clearly.

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Configuration and bandhead spin assignments for the 2-quasiparticle rotational bands in the neutron-rich nuclei $^{154, 156}$Pm

The rotational bands in the neutron-rich nuclei $^{153-157}$Pm are investigated by a particle-number conserving method. The kinematic moments of inertia for the 1-quasiparticle bands in odd-$A$ Pm isotopes $^{153, 155, 157}$Pm are reproduced quite well by the present calculation. By comparison between the experimental and calculated moments of inertia for the three 2-quasiparticle bands in the odd-odd nuclei $^{154, 156}$Pm, their configurations and bandhead spins have been assigned properly. For the 2-quasiparticle band in $^{154}$Pm, the configuration is assigned as $\pi5/2^-[532]\otimes \nu3/2^-[521]$ ($K^π=4^+$) with the bandhead spin $I_0=4\hbar$. In $^{156}$Pm, the same configuration and bandhead spin assignments have been made for the 2-quasiparticle band with lower excitation energy. The configuration $\pi5/2^+[413]\otimes \nu5/2^+[642]$ ($K^π=5^+$) with the bandhead spin $I_0=5\hbar$ is assigned for that with higher excitation energy.

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Study of localized $CP$ violation in $B^-\rightarrow π^- π^+π^-$ and the branching ratio of $B^-\rightarrow σ(600)π^-$ in the QCD factorization approach

In this work, within the QCD factorization approach, we study the localized integrated $CP$ violation in the $B^-\rightarrow π^-π^+π^-$ decay and the branching fraction of the $B^-\rightarrowσπ^-$ decay. Both the resonance and nonresonance contributions are included when we study the localized $CP$ asymmetry in the $B^-\rightarrow π^-π^+π^-$ decay. The resonance contributions from the scalar $σ(600)$ and vector $ρ^0(770)$ mesons are included. For the $σ(600)$ meson, we apply both the Breit-Wigner and Bugg models to deal with its propagator, and obtain $\mathcal{B}(B^-\rightarrow σ(600)π^-)<1.67\times10^{-6}$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^-\rightarrow σ(600) π^-)<1.946\times10^{-5}$ in these two models, respectively. We find that there is no allowed divergence parameters $ρ_S$ and $ϕ_S$ to satisfy the experimental data $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(π^-π^+π^-)=0.584\pm0.082\pm0.027\pm0.007$ in the region $m_{π^+π^- \mathrm{high}}^2>15$ $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ and $m_{π^+π^-\mathrm{low}}^2<0.4$ $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ and the upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^-\rightarrow σ(600)π^-)$ in the Breit-Wigner model, however, there exists the region $ρ_S\in[1.70,3.34]$ and $ϕ_S \in [0.50,4.50]$ satisfying the data for $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(π^-π^+π^-)$ and the upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^-\rightarrow σ(600)π^-)$ in the Bugg model. This reveals that the Bugg model is more plausible than the Breit-Wigner model to describe the propagator of the $σ(600)$ meson even though the finite width effects are considered in both models. The large values of $ρ_S$ indicate that the contributions from weak annihilation and hard spectator scattering processes are both large, especially, the weak annihilation contribution should not be negleted for $B$ decays to final states including a scalar meson.

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Evaluation of the $θ_K$ and the Mixing angle $θ_{h_1}$

The $θ_K$ has been re-evaluated via mass relations and latest experimental results, meanwhile, the $M_{K_{1B}}$ also be obtained. Based on the singlet-octet mixing model and quark-flavor mixing model, the $θ_{h_1}$ has been recalculated with a modified formula, by inputting $M_{K_{1B}}$ instead of $θ_K$. The values are calculated to be $|{θ_K}| = {(42.6 \pm 2.2)^ \circ }$, $M_{K_{1B}} = 1333.9 \pm 4.6\ {\rm{MeV}}/c^{2}$ and $θ_{h_1} = 29.5\pm 2.0^\circ$. Using these calculations as input, we predict that the branching fraction of $J/ψ\to η'(η)h_1(1170)$ is about one order higher than that of $J/ψ\to η'(η)h_1(1415)$, which can be measured in future experiments to test the validity of these two models.

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High-$K$ multi-particle bands and pairing reduction in $^{254}$No

The multi-particle states and rotational properties of two-particle bands in $^{254}$No are investigated by the cranked shell model (CSM) with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving (PNC) method. For the first time, the rotational bands on top of two-particle $K^π=3^+,8^-$ and $10^+$ states and the pairing reduction are studied theoretically in $^{254}$No. The experimental excitation energies and moments of inertia for the multi-particle state are reproduced well by the calculation. Better agreement with the data are achieved by including the high-order deformation $\varepsilon_{6}$ which leads to enlarged $Z=100$ and $N=152$ deformed shell gaps. The rise of the $J^{(1)}$ in these two-particle bands compared with the ground-state band is attributed to the pairing reduction due to the Pauli blocking effects.

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Analysis of $CP$ violation in $ D^0 \to K^+ K^- π^0 $

We study the $\mathit{CP}$ violation induced by the interference between two intermediate resonances $K^*(892)^+$ and $K^*(892)^-$ in the phase space of singly-Cabibbo-suppressed decay $D^0 \to K^+K^-π^0$. We adopt the factorization-assisted topological approach in dealing with the decay amplitudes of $D^0 \to K^\pm K^*(892)^\mp$. The $\mathit{CP}$ asymmetries of two-body decays are predicted to be very tiny, which are $(-1.27 \pm 0.25) \times 10^{-5}$ and $(3.86 \pm 0.26) \times 10^{-5}$ respectively for $D^0 \to K^+ K^*(892)^-$ and $D^0 \to K^- K^*(892)^+$. While the differential $\mathit{CP}$ asymmetry of $D^0 \to K^+K^-π^0$ is enhanced because of the interference between the two intermediate resonances, which can reach as large as $3\times10^{-4}$. For some NPs which have considerable impacts on the chromomagnetic dipole operator $O_{8g}$, the global $\mathit{CP}$ asymmetries of $D^0 \to K^+ K^*(892)^- $ and $D^0 \to K^- K^*(892)^+ $ can be then increased to $(0.56\pm0.08)\times10^{-3}$ and $(-0.50\pm0.04)\times10^{-3}$, respectively. The regional $\mathit{CP}$ asymmetry in the overlapped region of the phase space can be as large as $( 1.3\pm 0.3)\times10^{-3}$.

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Band crossings in $^{168}$Ta: a particle-number conserving analysis

The structures of two observed high-spin rotational bands in the doubly-odd nucleus ${}^{168}$Ta are investigated using the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving method, in which the blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The experimental moments of inertia and alignments are reproduced very well by the calculations, which confirms the configuration assignments for these two bands in previous works. The backbending and upbending mechanisms in these two bands are analyzed in detail by calculating the occupation probabilities of each orbital close to the Fermi surface and the contributions of each orbital to the total angular momentum alignments. The investigation shows that the level crossings in the first backbending is the neutron $i_{13/2}$ crossing and the in second upbending is the proton $h_{11/2}$ crossing.

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Study of $CP$ Violation in $B^-\rightarrow K^- π^+π^-$ and $B^-\rightarrow K^- σ(600)$ decays in the QCD factorization approach

In this work, we study the localized $CP$ violation in $B^-\rightarrow K^-π^+π^-$ and $B^-\rightarrow K^- σ(600)$ decays by employing the quasi two-body QCD factorization approach. Both the resonance and the nonresonance contributions are studied for the $B^-\rightarrow K^-π^+π^-$ decay. The resonance contributions include those not only from $[ππ]$ channels including $σ(600)$, $ρ^0(770)$ and $ω(782)$ but also from $[Kπ]$ channels including $K^*(892)$, $K_0^*(1430)$, $K^*(1410)$, $K^*(1680)$ and $K_2^*(1430)$. By fitting the experimental data $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(K^-π^+π^-)=0.678\pm0.078\pm0.0323\pm0.007$ for $m_{K^-π^+}^2<15$ $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ and $0.08<m_{π^+π^-}^2<0.66$ $\mathrm{GeV}^2$, we get the end-point divergence parameters in our model, $ϕ_S \in [4.75, 5.95]$ and $ρ_S\in[4.2, 8]$. Using these results for $ρ_S$ and $ϕ_S$, we predict that the $CP$ asymmetry parameter $\mathcal{A_{CP}} \in [-0.094, -0.034]$ and the branching fraction $\mathcal{B} \in [1.82, 20.0]\times10^{-5}$ for the $B^-\rightarrow K^-σ(600)$ decay. In addition, we also analyse contributions to the localized $CP$ asymmetry $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(B^-\rightarrow K^-π^+π^-)$ from $[ππ]$, $[Kπ]$ channel resonances and nonresonance individually, which are found to be $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(B^-\rightarrow K^-[π^+π^-] \rightarrow K^-π^+π^-)=0.585\pm0.045$, $\mathcal{A_{CP}}(B^-\rightarrow [K^-π^+] π\rightarrow K^-π^+π^-)=0.086\pm0.021$ and $\mathcal{A_{CP}}^{NR}(B^-\rightarrow K^-π^+π^-)=0.061\pm0.0042$, respectively. Comparing these results, we can see that the localized $CP$ asymmetry in the $B^-\rightarrow K^-π^+π^-$ decay is mainly induced by the $[ππ]$ channel resonances while contributions from the $[Kπ]$ channel resonances and nonresonance are both very small.

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Systematic investigation of the high-$K$ isomers and the high-spin rotational bands in the neutron rich Nd and Sm isotopes by a particle-number conserving method

The rotational properties of the neutron rich Nd and Sm isotopes with mass number $A\approx150$ are systematically investigated using the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving method, in which the Pauli blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The 2-quasiparticle states in even-even Nd and Sm isotopes with excitation energies lower than 2.5~MeV are systematically calculated. The available data can be well reproduced and some possible 2 and 4-quasiparticle isomers are also suggested for future experiments. The experimentally observed rotational frequency variations of moments of inertia for the even-even and odd-$A$ nuclei are reproduced very well by the calculations. The effects of high-order deformation $\varepsilon_6$ on the 2-quasiparticle excitation energies and moments of inertia of the ground state bands in even-even Nd and Sm isotopes are analyzed in detail. By analyzing the occupation probability $n_μ$ of each cranked Nilsson orbitals near the Fermi surface and the contribution of each major shell to the angular momentum alignments, the alignment mechanism in these nuclei is understood clearly.

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Study of $CP$ Violations in $B^-\rightarrow K^- π^+π^-$ and $B^-\rightarrow K^- f_0(500)$ decays in the QCD factorization approach

Within the QCD factorization approach, we study the $CP$ violations in $B^-\rightarrow K^-π^+π^-$ and $B^-\rightarrow K^- f_0(500)$ decays. We find the experimental data of the localized $CP$ asymmetry in $B^-\rightarrow K^-π^+π^-$ decays in the region $m_{K^-π^+}^2<15$ $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ and $0.08<m_{π^+π^-}^2<0.66$ $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ can be explained by the interference of two intermediate resonances, $ρ^0(770)$ and $f_0(500)$ when the parameters in our interference model are in the allowed ranges, i.e. the relative strong phase $δ\in[0, 1.745]\cup[3.578, 6.266]$ and the end-point divergence parameters $ρ_S\in[2.790, 5.290]$ and $ϕ_S \in [1.518, 5.183]$. With the obtained allowed ranges for $ρ_S$ and $ϕ_S$, we obtain the predictions for the $CP$ asymmetry parameter $A_{CP} \in [-0.259, 0.006]$ and the branching fraction $\mathcal{B} \in [0.585, 3.230]\times10^{-5}$ for $B^-\rightarrow K^-f_0(500)$ decay modes.

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Investigation of the high-spin rotational properties of the proton emitter $^{113}$Cs using a particle-number conserving method

The recently observed two high-spin rotational bands in the proton emitter $^{113}$Cs are investigated using the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving method, in which the Pauli blocking effects are taken into account exactly. By using the configuration assignments of band 1 ($π3/2^+[422], α= -1/2$) and band 2 ($π1/2^+[420], α= 1/2$), the experimental moments of inertia and quasiparticle alignments can be well reproduced by the present calculations, which in turn strongly support these configuration assignments. Furthermore, by analyzing the occupation probability $n_μ$ of each cranked Nilsson level near the Fermi surface and the contribution of each orbital to the angular momentum alignments, the backbending mechanism of these two bands is also investigated.

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Effects of proton angular momentum alignment on the two-shears-like mechanism in $^{101}$Pd

The recently observed possible antimagnetic rotation band in $^{101}$Pd is investigated by the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving method, in which the blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The experimental moments of inertia and reduced $B(E2)$ transition probabilities and their variations with the rotational frequency $ω$ are well reproduced. By analyzing the $ω$-dependence of the occupation probability of each cranked Nilsson orbital near the Fermi surface and the contributions of valence orbitals in each major shell to the total angular momentum alignment, the upbending mechanism of $νh_{11/2}$ in $^{101}$Pd is understood clearly. The proton angular momentum alignment and its influence on the two-shears-like mechanism are also discussed.

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