SearcharxivSearch

arXiv subjects

Zhisong Xiao

Publications and source records attributed to Zhisong Xiao.

17 recordsLinked to original sources

Full Inseparability and Genuine Multipartite Entanglement Coincide for Finite-Mode Gaussian States

For general mixed states, entanglement across every bipartition need not imply genuine multipartite entanglement (GME), because a biseparable decomposition may switch the separable cut from term to term. We prove that this convex ambiguity disappears for Gaussian states of finitely many bosonic modes. More generally, for any finite family of partitions, a Gaussian density operator in the trace-norm-closed convex class generated by states separable across those partitions is already separable across one fixed partition in the family. Only the target is Gaussian; a valid decomposition may be continuous and may contain arbitrary non-Gaussian states. Thus full inseparability and GME coincide, Gaussian k-separability and k-producibility reduce to fixed-partition tests, and party-wise tensor powers cannot activate GME from a biseparable Gaussian state. The proof combines a spectral selector with a holomorphic rigidity argument that converts one product vector in the square-root range of a Gaussian state into a block-local covariance certificate. The result shows that partition mixing, a generic mixed-state mechanism, adds no new exact finite-mode Gaussian states.

quant-ph

Large Scale Entanglement Structure Detection in 100-Qubit Systems via Local Joint Measurements

Identifying the entanglement structure of a many-body quantum state, namely how its constituents partition into unentangled blocks, is a central task in quantum information science, yet conventional tomography scales exponentially with system size. Here we introduce a scalable framework that recognizes large-scale entanglement structures directly from local correlation fingerprints. By choosing a representative local Pauli basis that satisfies a boundary-matching condition p_1 = p_R, the entire chain is read out in a single measurement configuration, keeping the measurement effort independent of system size. In noisy simulations, this single-basis protocol classifies GHZ-, W-, and cluster-type structures among 30 candidate partitions with a mean accuracy exceeding 95% for systems of up to 100 qubits. We further validate the protocol on a superconducting quantum processor, where it reliably classifies block structures for systems of up to 13 qubits before noise- and depth-induced degradation sets in at larger sizes. By mapping these failure modes explicitly, our results delineate the boundary of hardware-level scalability and point to a concrete strategy for characterizing entanglement structure on near-term quantum devices.

quant-ph

Non-commutative Index of Measurement-only Entanglement Phase Transition

Measurement-only models offer an ideal platform for exploring entanglement dynamics in the absence of unitary evolution. Despite extensive numerical evidence for entanglement phase transitions in measurement-only dynamics, the underlying mechanism attributed to non-commutativity among multi-site projective measurements has remained qualitative and coarse-grained. In this work, we identify a quantitative non-commutative index for spatially and temporally homogeneous Pauli stabilizer measurement-only circuits. By applying this index to three representative measurement-only models, we find that the emergence of a volume-law phase is governed by the non-commutative structure of the measurement ensemble, while the transition point is quantitatively determined by the amount of critical non-commutativity. More strikingly, the critical non-commutativity exhibits a linear scaling with the measurement range, independent of the microscopic details of the measurement ensembles. Our findings deepen the understanding of the fundamental mechanism behind the measurement-only entanglement phase transition.

quant-ph

Calibrating the Role of Entanglement in Variational Quantum Algorithms from a Geometric Perspective

Calibrating the role of entanglement in quantum algorithms is a crucial task in the development of quantum computing. Most existing studies have primarily focused on how the static properties of entanglement-such as its magnitude and phase-affect key performance metrics. In this work, we instead explore the relationship between the dynamical behaviors of entanglement and the execution of variational quantum algorithms from a geometric perspective. We find that, in contrast to conventional Hamiltonian dynamics where the evolution process is dominated by the dynamical phase, quantum state evolution in quantum algorithms is primarily governed by the geometric phase with the trajectory determined by the parameter-dependent Hilbert space geometry. In the problem-agnostic Hardware-Efficient Ansatz (HEA), entanglement dynamics and state evolution are decoupled. Conversely, in the problem-inspired Hamiltonian Variational Ansatz (HVA), the dynamical phase contribution is enhanced, allowing entanglement to function as a dynamical resource: more entanglement consumption correlates directly with faster quantum state evolution.

quant-ph

Machine-Learning Insights into the Entanglement-trainability Correlation of Parameterized Quantum Circuits

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as the leading strategy to obtain quantum advantage on the current noisy intermediate-scale devices. However, their entanglement-trainability correlation, as the major reason for the barren plateau (BP) phenomenon, poses a challenge to their applications. In this Letter, we suggest a gate-to-tensor (GTT) encoding method for parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs), with which two long short-term memory networks (L-G networks) are trained to predict both entanglement and trainability. The remarkable capabilities of the L-G networks afford a statistical way to delve into the entanglement-trainability correlation of PQCs within a dataset encompassing millions of instances. This machine-learning-driven method first confirms that the more entanglement, the more possible the BP problem. Then, we observe that there still exist PQCs with both high entanglement and high trainability. Furthermore, the trained L-G networks result in an impressive increase in time efficiency by about one million times when constructing a PQC with specific entanglement and trainability, demonstrating their practical applications in VQAs.

quant-ph

High-Order Exceptional Point-Based Rotation Sensing in Anti-Parity time Symmetric Microresonators

Exceptional points (EPs), which arise from non-Hermitian systems, have been extensively investigated for the development of high-performance gyroscopes. However, operating a non-Hermitian gyroscope at high-order EP (HOEP) to achieve extreme performance requires strict and precise control of parameters. Here, we propose the design of an anti-parity-time (anti-PT) symmetric optical gyroscope operating at a fourth-order EP, achieving both ultra-sensitivity and high robustness. Our configuration exhibits eigenfrequency splitting two orders of magnitude higher than that of anti-PT gyroscopes operating at second-order EP. Furthermore, we demonstrate a significant reduction in angular random walk (ARW) under noise limits, compared to anti-parity symmetric gyroscopes based on second-order EP. Our results provide a novel approach for developing high-sensitivity rotation detection based on HOEPs.

physics.optics

Diffusion-Enhanced Optimization of Variational Quantum Eigensolver for General Hamiltonians

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a promising approach for achieving quantum advantage on current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. However, their large-scale applications are significantly hindered by optimization challenges, such as the barren plateau (BP) phenomenon, local minima, and numerous iteration demands. In this work, we leverage denoising diffusion models (DMs) to address these difficulties. The DM is trained on a few data points in the Heisenberg model parameter space and then can be guided to generate high-performance parameters for parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) in variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) tasks for general Hamiltonians. Numerical experiments demonstrate that DM-parameterized VQE can explore the ground-state energies of Heisenberg models with parameters not included in the training dataset. Even when applied to previously unseen Hamiltonians, such as the Ising and Hubbard models, it can generate the appropriate initial state to achieve rapid convergence and mitigate the BP and local minima problems. These results highlight the effectiveness of our proposed method in improving optimization efficiency for general Hamiltonians.

quant-ph

High-dimentional Multipartite Entanglement Structure Detection with Low Cost

Quantum entanglement detection and characterization are crucial for various quantum information processes. Most existing methods for entanglement detection rely heavily on a complete description of the quantum state, which requires numerous measurements and complex setups. This makes these theoretically sound approaches costly and impractical, as the system size increases. In this work, we propose a multi-view neural network model to generate representations suitable for entanglement structure detection. The number of required quantum measurements is polynomial rather than exponential increase with the qubit number. This remarkable reduction in resource costs makes it possible to detect specific entanglement structures in large-scale systems. Numerical simulations show that our method achieves over 95% detection accuracy for up to 19 qubits systems. By enabling a universal, flexible and resource-efficient analysis of entanglement structures, our approach enhances the capability of utilizing quantum states across a wide range of applications.

quant-ph

Applicability of Measurement-based Quantum Computation towards Physically-driven Variational Quantum Eigensolver

Variational quantum algorithms are considered one of the most promising methods for obtaining near-term quantum advantages; however, most of these algorithms are only expressed in the conventional quantum circuit scheme. The roadblock to developing quantum algorithms with the measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) scheme is resource cost. Recently, we discovered that the realization of multi-qubit rotation operations requires a constant number of single-qubit measurements with the MBQC scheme, providing a potential advantage in terms of resource cost. The structure of the Hamiltonian variational ansatz (HVA) aligns well with this characteristic. Thus, we propose an efficient measurement-based quantum algorithm for quantum many-body system simulation tasks, called measurement-based Hamiltonian variational ansatz (MBHVA). We then demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency, and advantages of the two-dimensional Heisenberg model and the Fermi-Hubbard chain. Numerical experiments show that MBHVA is expected to reduce resource overhead compared to quantum circuits, especially in the presence of large multi-qubit rotation operations. Furthermore, when compared to Measurement-based Hardware Efficient Ansatz (MBHEA), MBHVA also demonstrates superior performance. We conclude that the MBQC scheme is potentially feasible for achieving near-term quantum advantages in terms of both resource efficiency and error mitigation, particularly for photonic platforms.

quant-ph

Single entanglement connection architecture between multi-layer bipartite Hardware Efficient Ansatz

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are among the most promising algorithms to achieve quantum advantages in the NISQ era. One important challenge in implementing such algorithms is to construct an effective parameterized quantum circuit (also called an ansatz). In this work, we propose a single entanglement connection architecture (SECA) for a bipartite hardware efficient ansatz (HEA) by balancing its expressibility, entangling capability, and trainability. Numerical simulations with a one-dimensional Heisenberg model and quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) issues were conducted. Our results indicate the superiority of SECA over the common full entanglement connection architecture (FECA) in terms of computational performance. Furthermore, combining SECA with gate-cutting technology to construct distributed quantum computation (DQC) can efficiently expand the size of NISQ devices under low overhead. We also demonstrated the effectiveness and scalability of the DQC scheme. Our study is a useful indication for understanding the characteristics associated with an effective training circuit.

quant-ph

Entanglement Structure Detection via Computer Vision

Quantum entanglement plays a pivotal role in various quantum information processing tasks. However, there still lacks a universal and effective way to detecting entanglement structures, especially for high-dimensional and multipartite quantum systems. Noticing the mathematical similarities between the common representations of many-body quantum states and the data structures of images, we are inspired to employ advanced computer vision technologies for data analysis. In this work, we propose a hybrid CNN-Transformer model for both the classification of GHZ and W states and the detection of various entanglement structures. By leveraging the feature extraction capabilities of CNNs and the powerful modeling abilities of Transformers, we can not only effectively reduce the time and computational resources required for the training process but also obtain high detection accuracies. Through numerical simulation and physical verification, it is confirmed that our hybrid model is more effective than traditional techniques and thus offers a powerful tool for independent detection of multipartite entanglement.

quant-ph

Squeezed-Light-Enhanced Dispersive Gyroscope based Optical Microcavities

Optical gyroscope based on the Sagnac effect have excellent potential in the application of high-sensitivity inertial rotation sensors. In this paper, we demonstrate that for an optical resonance gyroscope with normal dispersion, the measurement sensitivity can be increased by two orders of magnitude through coupling into a squeezed vacuum light, which is different from that in the classical situation. When the system is operated under critical anomalous dispersion condition, injecting a squeezed vacuum light allows the measurement sensitivity beyond the corresponding standard quantum limit by five orders of magnitude, with a minimum value of 3.8*10^-5 Hz. This work offers a promising possibility for developing optical gyroscopes that combine high sensitivity with tiny size.

physics.optics

Exceptional Point modulated by Kerr effect in Anti-Parity-Time Symmetry System

With respect to parity-time (PT) symmetry, anti-parity-time (APT) symmetric system exhibits much easier readout mechanism due to its real frequency splitting. Generally, such systems need to be operated at exceptional points (EPs) to obtain the best performance. However, strict conditons to locate APT symmetric systems at their EPs precisely put restraints on their practical applications. To overcome this problem, we propose a scheme to manipulate the EPs in APT symmetric configuration by Kerr effect. It is demonstrated that operating EPs by self-phase modulation alone will impede the frequency splitting caused by external perturbations, while cross-phase modulation can enhance the response to measurable perturbations. We also investigate the thermal effect induced by high light intensity, which could reduce the power to manipulate EPs. This proposed scheme can pave a new way in fabricating devices based on APT symmetry.

physics.optics

Superconducting pairing symmetry in the kagome-lattice Hubbard model

The dominating superconducting pairing symmetry of the kagome-lattice Hubbard model is investigated using the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method. The superconducting instability occurs when doping the correlated insulators formed by the Hubbard interaction near the Dirac filling, and the superconducting state exhibits an electron-hole asymmetry. Among the pairing symmetries allowed, we demonstrate that the dominating channel is d-wave in the hole-doped case. This opens the possibility of condensation into an unconventional $d_{x^2-y^2}+id_{xy}$ phase, which is characterized by an integer topological invariant and gapless edge states. In contrast, the $s^*$-wave channel, which has no change of sign in the pairing function, is favored by electron doping. We further find the dominating $s^*$-wave pairing persists up to the Van Hove singularity. The results are closely related to the recent experimental observations in kagome compounds AV3Sb5(A: K, Rb, Cs), and provide insight into the pairing mechanism of their superconducting states.

cond-mat.str-el

Exceptional surface-enhanced Rotation Sensing with Robustness in an optical microcavity

Exceptional points (EPs) are special singularities of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. At an EP, two or more eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates coalesce. Recently, EP-based optical gyroscope near an EP was extensively investigated to improve the response to rotation. However, the highly resultant dimensionality in the eigenstate space causing from the EP-based system is sensitivity to more external perturbations, that is, the great response at EPs requires strict implementation conditions. To solve this problem, a new non-Hermitian structure was proposed that realizes an exceptional surface (EP surface) constructed of numerous EPs embedded in a high-dimensional parameter space. With respect to the isolated EPs, non-Hermitian EP surface provides additional degrees of freedom to permit the undesired perturbations (such as fabrication errors) shifts along the EP surface which corresponds to the robustness. On the other hand, the rotation will force the system away from these EPs obtaining a sensitivity enhancement of three orders of magnitude, compared to the traditional Sagnac effect rotation detecting. The EP surface system has a potential to combine robustness with enhanced sensitivity of the rotation.

physics.optics

High-sensitivity bio-sensor based on the real-splitting indirectly coupled Anti-Parity time symmetric WGMs

Detecting the size of single nanoparticle with high precision is crucial to understanding the characteristic of the nanoparticle. In this paper, we research the single particle detection based on the Anti-parity time symmetric (APT) indirectly coupled WGMs. The results show that the Anti-parity time symmetric WGM nanoparticle sensor exhibits giant enhancement in frequency splitting compared with single WGM sensor, when the system operating at exceptional point (EP). With respect to the parity-time symmetric nanoparticle sensor, our research exhibits a real eigenfrequency splitting, which can be directly detected.

physics.optics

Variable optical chirality in an atomic assisted microresonator

A whispering gallery mode resonator with a cavity-made slot filled atomic vapor is demonstrated, in which the chiral symmetry is broken induced by asymmetric backscattering of counter-propagating optical waves in the WGM microcavity. The chirality of resonator modes is steered via tuning dispersion relation in the cavity-made slot. The system exhibiting a high displacement sensitivity 15.22 THz/nm could be applied to optomechanical sensing applications.

physics.optics