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Zhong Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Zhong Wang.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
arXiv2024

MambaPupil: Bidirectional Selective Recurrent model for Event-based Eye tracking

Event-based eye tracking has shown great promise with the high temporal resolution and low redundancy provided by the event camera. However, the diversity and abruptness of eye movement patterns, including blinking, fixating, saccades, and smooth pursuit, pose significant challenges for eye localization. To achieve a stable event-based eye-tracking system, this paper proposes a bidirectional long-term sequence modeling and time-varying state selection mechanism to fully utilize contextual temporal information in response to the variability of eye movements. Specifically, the MambaPupil network is proposed, which consists of the multi-layer convolutional encoder to extract features from the event representations, a bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and a Linear Time-Varying State Space Module (LTV-SSM), to selectively capture contextual correlation from the forward and backward temporal relationship. Furthermore, the Bina-rep is utilized as a compact event representation, and the tailor-made data augmentation, called as Event-Cutout, is proposed to enhance the model's robustness by applying spatial random masking to the event image. The evaluation on the ThreeET-plus benchmark shows the superior performance of the MambaPupil, which secured the 1st place in CVPR'2024 AIS Event-based Eye Tracking challenge.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2024

Amoeba Formulation of Non-Bloch Band Theory in Arbitrary Dimensions

The non-Hermitian skin effect dramatically reshapes the energy bands of non-Hermitian systems, meaning that the usual Bloch band theory is fundamentally inadequate as their characterization. The non-Bloch band theory, in which the concept of Brillouin zone is generalized, has been widely applied to investigate non-Hermitian systems in one spatial dimension. However, its generalization to higher dimensions has been challenging. Here, we develop a formulation of the non-Hermitian skin effect and non-Bloch band theory in arbitrary spatial dimensions, which is based on a natural geometrical object known as the amoeba. Our theory provides a general framework for studying non-Hermitian bands beyond one dimension. Key quantities of non-Hermitian bands, including the energy spectrum, eigenstates profiles, and the generalized Brillouin zone, can be efficiently obtained from this approach.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2024

How we Learn Concepts: A Review of Relevant Advances Since 2010 and Its Inspirations for Teaching

This article reviews the psychological and neuroscience achievements in concept learning since 2010 from the perspectives of individual learning and social learning, and discusses several issues related to concept learning, including the assistance of machine learning about concept learning. 1 In terms of individual learning, current evidences shown that the brain tends to process concrete concepts through typical features (shared features); And abstract concepts, semantic processing is the most important cognitive way. 2 In terms of social learning, Interpersonal Neuro Synchronization (INS) is considered the main indicator of efficient knowledge transfer (such as teaching activities between teachers and students), but this phenomenon only broadens the channels for concept sources and does not change the basic mode of individual concept learning. Ultimately, this article argues that the way the human brain processes concepts depends on concept's own characteristics, so there are no 'better' strategies in teaching, only more 'suitable' strategies.

q-bio.NC↗
arXiv2024

Event-Based Eye Tracking. AIS 2024 Challenge Survey

This survey reviews the AIS 2024 Event-Based Eye Tracking (EET) Challenge. The task of the challenge focuses on processing eye movement recorded with event cameras and predicting the pupil center of the eye. The challenge emphasizes efficient eye tracking with event cameras to achieve good task accuracy and efficiency trade-off. During the challenge period, 38 participants registered for the Kaggle competition, and 8 teams submitted a challenge factsheet. The novel and diverse methods from the submitted factsheets are reviewed and analyzed in this survey to advance future event-based eye tracking research.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2024

Xorbits: Automating Operator Tiling for Distributed Data Science

Data science pipelines commonly utilize dataframe and array operations for tasks such as data preprocessing, analysis, and machine learning. The most popular tools for these tasks are pandas and NumPy. However, these tools are limited to executing on a single node, making them unsuitable for processing large-scale data. Several systems have attempted to distribute data science applications to clusters while maintaining interfaces similar to single-node libraries, enabling data scientists to scale their workloads without significant effort. However, existing systems often struggle with processing large datasets due to Out-of-Memory (OOM) problems caused by poor data partitioning. To overcome these challenges, we develop Xorbits, a high-performance, scalable data science framework specifically designed to distribute data science workloads across clusters while retaining familiar APIs. The key differentiator of Xorbits is its ability to dynamically switch between graph construction and graph execution. Xorbits has been successfully deployed in production environments with up to 5k CPU cores. Its applications span various domains, including user behavior analysis and recommendation systems in the e-commerce sector, as well as credit assessment and risk management in the finance industry. Users can easily scale their data science workloads by simply changing the import line of their pandas and NumPy code. Our experiments demonstrate that Xorbits can effectively process very large datasets without encountering OOM or data-skewing problems. Over the fastest state-of-the-art solutions, Xorbits achieves an impressive 2.66* speedup on average. In terms of API coverage, Xorbits attains a compatibility rate of 96.7%, surpassing the fastest framework by an impressive margin of 60 percentage points. Xorbits is available at https://github.com/xorbitsai/xorbits.

cs.DC↗
arXiv2024

Geometric Origin of Non-Bloch PT Symmetry Breaking

The parity-time (PT) symmetry of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian leads to real (complex) energy spectrum when the non-Hermiticity is below (above) a threshold. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the non-Hermitian skin effect generates a new type of PT symmetry, dubbed the non-Bloch PT symmetry, featuring unique properties such as high sensitivity to the boundary condition. Despite its relevance to a wide range of non-Hermitian lattice systems, a general theory is still lacking for this generic phenomenon even in one spatial dimension. Here, we uncover the geometric mechanism of non-Bloch PT symmetry and its breaking. We find that non-Bloch PT symmetry breaking occurs by the formation of cusps in the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ). Based on this geometric understanding, we propose an exact formula that efficiently determines the breaking threshold. Moreover, we predict a new type of spectral singularities associated with the symmetry breaking, dubbed non-Bloch van Hove singularity, whose physical mechanism fundamentally differs from their Hermitian counterparts. This singularity is experimentally observable in linear responses.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

Steady-state edge burst: From free-particle systems to interaction-induced phenomena

The interplay between the non-Hermitian skin effect and the imaginary gap of lossy lattices results in the edge burst, a boundary-induced dynamical phenomenon in which an exceptionally large portion of particle loss occurs at the edge. Here, we find that this intriguing non-Hermitian dynamical phenomenon can be exactly mapped into the steady-state density distribution of a corresponding open quantum system. Consequently, the bulk-edge scaling relation of loss probability in the edge burst maps to that of steady-state density. Furthermore, we introduce a many-body open-system model in which the two-body loss generates an interaction-induced non-Hermitian skin effect. Using the positive-$P$ method, we demonstrate the validity of the scaling relation for steady-state correlators. These results provide a unique perspective on the interaction-induced many-body non-Hermitian skin effect. Our predictions are testable in state-of-the-art experimental platforms.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

Magnetic-field-induced nonlinear transport in HfTe5

The interplay of electron correlations and topological phases gives rise to various exotic phenomena including fractionalization, excitonic instability, and axionic excitation. Recently-discovered transition-metal pentatellurides can reach the ultra-quantum limit in low magnetic fields and serve as good candidates for achieving such a combination. Here, we report evidences of density wave and metal-insulator transition in HfTe5 induced by intense magnetic fields. Using the nonlinear transport technique, we detect a distinct nonlinear conduction behavior in the longitudinal resistivity within the a-c plane, corresponding to the formation of a density wave induced by magnetic fields. In high fields, the onset of the nonlinear conduction in the Hall resistivity indicates an impurity-pinned magnetic freeze-out as the possible origin of the insulating behavior. These frozen electrons can be gradually re-activated into mobile states above a threshold electric field. These experimental evidences call for further investigations into the underlying mechanism for the bulk quantum Hall effect and field-induced phase transtions in pentatellurides.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2023

Scale-free localization and PT symmetry breaking from local non-Hermiticity

We show that a local non-Hermitian perturbation in a Hermitian lattice system generically induces scale-free localization for the continuous-spectrum eigenstates. When the perturbation lies at a finite distance to the boundary, the scale-free eigenstates are promoted to exponentially localized modes, whose number is proportional to the distance. Furthermore, when the local non-Hermitian perturbation respects parity-time (PT) symmetry, the PT symmetry breaking is always accompanied by the emergence of scale-free or exponential localization. Intriguingly, we find a concise band-structure condition, which tells not only when the continuous-spectrum PT breaking of scale-free modes can occur, but also the precise PT-breaking energy window. Our results uncover a series of unexpected generic phenomena induced by a local non-Hermitian perturbation, which has interesting interplay with PT symmetry.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

Steady-state topological order

We investigate a generalization of topological order from closed systems to open systems, for which the steady states take the place of ground states. We construct typical lattice models with steady-state topological order, and characterize them by complementary approaches based on topological degeneracy of steady states, topological entropy, and dissipative gauge theory. Whereas the (Liouvillian) level splitting between topologically degenerate steady states is exponentially small with respect to the system size, the Liouvillian gap between the steady states and the rest of the spectrum decays algebraically as the system size grows, and closes in the thermodynamic limit. It is shown that steady-state topological order remains definable in the presence of (Liouvillian) gapless modes. The topological phase transition to the trivial phase, where the topological degeneracy is lifted, is accompanied by gapping out the gapless modes. Our work offers a toolbox for investigating open-system topology of steady states.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

Green's functions of multiband non-Hermitian systems

Green's functions of non-Hermitian systems play a fundamental role in various dynamical processes. Because non-Hermitian systems are sensitive to boundary conditions due to the non-Hermitian skin effect, open-boundary Green's functions are closely related to the non-Bloch band theory. While the exact formula of open-boundary Green's functions in single-band non-Hermitian systems proves to be an integral along the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ), the proper generalization in generic multiband systems remains unclear. In this work, we derive a formula of open-boundary Green's functions in multiband non-Hermitian systems by viewing the multiband GBZ on the Riemann surface. This formula can be applied to describe directional amplification in multiband systems, which can be verified at various experimental platforms.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2023

Scale-free non-Hermitian skin effect in a boundary-dissipated spin chain

We study the open XXZ spin chain with a PT-symmetric non-Hermitian boundary field. We find an interaction-induced scale-free non-Hermitian skin effect by using the coordinate Bethe ansatz. The steady state and the ground state in the PT broken phase are constructed, and the formulas of their eigen-energies in the thermodynamic limit are obtained. The differences between the many-body scale-free states and the boundary string states are explored, and the transition between the two at isotropic point is investigated. We also discuss an experimental scheme to verify our results.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

Solvable BCS-Hubbard Liouvillians in arbitrary dimensions

We present the construction of a solvable Lindblad model in arbitrary dimensions, wherein the Liouvillian can be mapped to a BCS-Hubbard model featuring an imaginary interaction. The Hilbert space of the system can be divided into multiple sectors, each characterized by an onsite invariant configuration. The model exhibits bistable steady states in all spatial dimensions, which is guaranteed by the fermion-number parity. Notably, the Liouvillian gap exhibits a Zeno transition, below which the Liouvillian gap is linear with respect to the dissipation. We also uncover a generic dimension-dependent gap behavior: In one dimension, the gap originates from multiple sectors with spectral crossing; in higher dimensions, a single sector determines the gap.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

CSPRD: A Financial Policy Retrieval Dataset for Chinese Stock Market

In recent years, great advances in pre-trained language models (PLMs) have sparked considerable research focus and achieved promising performance on the approach of dense passage retrieval, which aims at retrieving relative passages from massive corpus with given questions. However, most of existing datasets mainly benchmark the models with factoid queries of general commonsense, while specialised fields such as finance and economics remain unexplored due to the deficiency of large-scale and high-quality datasets with expert annotations. In this work, we propose a new task, policy retrieval, by introducing the Chinese Stock Policy Retrieval Dataset (CSPRD), which provides 700+ prospectus passages labeled by experienced experts with relevant articles from 10k+ entries in our collected Chinese policy corpus. Experiments on lexical, embedding and fine-tuned bi-encoder models show the effectiveness of our proposed CSPRD yet also suggests ample potential for improvement. Our best performing baseline achieves 56.1% MRR@10, 28.5% NDCG@10, 37.5% Recall@10 and 80.6% Precision@10 on dev set.

cs.CL↗
arXiv2023

Soliciting opinions and solutions on the "Q Zhang's Problem"

"Q Zhang's Problem" is a teaching problem proposed by Qian Zhang, a science teacher at Dongjiao Minxiang Primary School in Dongcheng District, Beijing. In 2022, she proposed that: (1) when explaining the knowledge points of frequency in the "Sound" unit, experiments on the vibration of objects such as rubber bands and steel rulers were used to assist students in learning, but the effect was not obvious, because it was difficult for the naked eye to distinguish the speed of vibration of objects such as rubber bands, and it was difficult to correspond to the high and low frequencies; (2) Students seem to be confused about the difference between frequency and amplitude. When guiding them to make the rubber band vibrate faster, they tend to tug harder at the rubber band, but this actually changes the amplitude rather than the frequency (changing the frequency should be to control its vibrating chord length, similar to the tuning method of a stringed instrument). Therefore, demonstration experiments using objects such as rubber bands as frequencies do not seem suitable and cannot effectively assist students in establishing the concept of frequency. We hope to solicit opinions and solutions (research ideas) on this problem, with a focus on two points: (1) the mathematical/physical explanation of the problem. That is, does simply changing the amplitude really not affect the original vibration frequency of the object (except when the amplitude is 0) (2) explanation from a cognitive perspective: Why do people confuse the two concepts? What is the cognitive mechanism behind it.

physics.ed-ph↗
arXiv2023

Observation of non-Hermitian edge burst in quantum dynamics

The non-Hermitian skin effect, by which the eigenstates of Hamiltonian are predominantly localized at the boundary, has revealed a strong sensitivity of non-Hermitian systems to the boundary condition. Here we experimentally observe a striking boundary-induced dynamical phenomenon known as the non-Hermitian edge burst, which is characterized by a sharp boundary accumulation of loss in non-Hermitian time evolutions. In contrast to the eigenstate localization, the edge burst represents a generic non-Hermitian dynamical phenomenon that occurs in real time. Our experiment, based on photonic quantum walks, not only confirms the prediction of the phenomenon, but also unveils its complete space-time dynamics. Our observation of edge burst paves the way for studying the rich real-time dynamics in non-Hermitian topological systems.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2023

Using Excel software to calculate Bayesian factors: taking goodness of fit test (Chi-square test) as an example

Taking the goodness of fit test (Chi test) as an example, this paper attempts to calculate the Bayesian factor BF10 of n-fold Bernoulli test by the Excel software (using JASP software as the evidence). The results showed that in the range of 0.15-0.55 (the rate of samples which are all "true"), the calculated results of Excel were more accurate, and the differences between the two (Excel and JASP) were not statistically significant (P>0.3).

stat.AP↗