arXiv subjects

Zhongyou Mo

Publications and source records attributed to Zhongyou Mo.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect: theory and experiment

We study the quantum interference of two paths that enclose a slowly rotating, infinitely long, and infinitely thin cylindrical shell, using the spacetime metric induced by the gravitational source. We show that the rotation of the shell affects the interference pattern even though it does not contribute to the classical motion of particles propagating outside the shell. Furthermore, we find that the gravitomagnetic field is non-vanishing only in the region inside the shell, yet it contributes to the interference taking place entirely in the exterior region. This phenomenon is therefore a gravitational analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, in which a field confined to an inaccessible region influences the quantum phase of particles propagating in a field-free region.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

Charged particle interference in Kerr-Newman spacetime based on teleparallel gravity

The quantum interference of charged particles in Kerr-Newman spacetime is studied based on teleparallel gravity. We calculate the gravitational phase difference, electromagnetic phase difference, and fringe shifts. We find that the gravitational phase difference contains three parts, respectively corresponding to the result in Kerr spacetime, the effect of Kerr-Newman black hole's charge on spacetime, and a coupling of gravitation and electromagnetic interaction. As for the electromagnetic phase difference, it contains two parts, respectively representing a pure electromagnetic contribution and a contribution in which electromagnetism mixes with gravitation. We compare the magnitudes of these phase differences. Afterwards, we extend the results to the case of dyonic Kerr-Newman spacetime. We discuss the effects of the black hole's magnetic charge and rotation, and propose two gedanken experiments to test the Dirac quantization condition. We also study the case that the universality of gravity breaks down, and show that the deviation from the weak equivalence principle can be determined from the fringe shifts. Finally, we compare the results in teleparallel gravity with those in general relativity. For a generic weak gravitational field, we show that the gravitational phases in these two theories are consistent at the first order of the gravitational gauge potential but differ at higher orders. Such difference suggests that teleparallel gravity and general relativity are distinguishable in the quantum realm, though they are usually considered equivalent at the classical level.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

Quantum interference in the Kerr spacetime

The gravitational induced interference is here studied in the framework of Teleparallel Gravity. We derive the gravitational phase difference and we apply the result to the case of a Kerr spacetime. Afterwards, we compute the fringe shifts in an interference experiment of particles and discuss how to increase their values by changing the given parameters that include: the area in between the paths, the energy of the particles, the distance from the black hole, the mass and the spin of the black hole. It turns out that it is more difficult to detect the fringe shifts for massless particles than for massive particles. As a further application, we show how the mass of the black hole and its angular momentum can be obtained from the measurement of the fringe shifts. Finally, we compare the phase difference derived in Teleparallel Gravity with a previous work in General Relativity.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2022

Stringballs and Planckballs for Dark Matter

As a follow up of the seminal work by Guiot, Borquez, Deur, and Werner on "Graviballs and Dark Matter", we explicitly show that contrary to Einstein's gravity, in string theory, local and nonlocal higher derivative theories, as well as general asymptotically-free or finite theories, gravitationally interacting bound states can form when the energy is larger than the Planck energy. On the other hand, in higher derivative or nonlocal theories with interaction governed by a dimensionless or a dimensionful coupling constant, the bound states form when the energy is smaller than the Planck energy. Such bound states are allowed because of the softness of the scattering amplitudes in the ultraviolet region. Indeed, in such theories, the potential is finite while the force is zero or constant in $r=0$. Finally, since the bound states that form in the early Universe may have an energy that ranges from the Planck mass to any arbitrarily large or small value, we argue that they can serve as dark matter candidates and/or as the seeds for the structure's formation at large scale in the Cosmos.

hep-th↗

arXiv2018

Generalized Schlömilch's formulas and thermal Casimir effect of a fermionic rectangular box

Schlömilch's formula is generalized and applied to the thermal Casimir effect of a fermionic field confined a three-dimensional rectangular box. The analytic expressions of the Casimir energy and Casimir force are derived for arbitrary temperature and edge sizes. The low and high temperature limits and finite temperature cases are considered for the entire parameter space spanned by edge sizes and/or temperature. In the low temperature limit, it is found that for typical rectangular box, the effective 2-dimensional parameter space spanned by the two edge size ratios can be split into four regions according to the nature of the forces. For the waveguide under low temperature, the Casimir force along the longer side of the waveguide cross-section transforms from attractive to repulsive when the aspect ratio of the cross-section exceed a critical value. For the parallel plate scenario under low temperature, our results agrees with previous works. For the finite temperature case, we separate the parameter space into four subcases and various edge size and temperature effects are analyzed. In general, we found that in all cases the Casimir energy is always negative, while the Casimir force at any finite or low temperature can be either repulsive or attractive depending on the sizes of the edges. Finally, for any fixed temperature, there exist a boundary in the parameter space of edge sizes separating the attractive and repulsive regions. Besides, the Casimir energy for an electromagnetic field confined in a three-dimensional box is also derived.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2017

Existence and stability of circular orbits in general static and spherically symmetric spacetimes

The existence and stability of circular orbits (CO) in static and spherically symmetric (SSS) spacetime are important because of their practical and potential usefulness. In this paper, using the fixed point method, we first prove a necessary and sufficient condition on the metric function for the existence of timelike COs in SSS spacetimes. After analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the metric, we then show that asymptotic flat SSS spacetime that corresponds to a negative Newtonian potential at large $r$ will always allow the existence of CO. The stability of the CO in a general SSS spacetime is then studied using the Lyapunov exponent method. Two sufficient conditions on the (in)stability of the COs are obtained. For null geodesics, a sufficient condition on the metric function for the (in)stability of null CO is also obtained. We then illustrate one powerful application of these results by showing that an SU(2) Yang-Mills-Einstein SSS spacetime whose metric function is not known, will allow the existence of timelike COs. We also used our results to assert the existence and (in)stabilities of a number of known SSS metrics.

gr-qc↗