arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Zhou Li-juan.
We estimate the gravitational wave amplitude as a function of frequency produced during the creation of pulsars from the gravitational collapse of a massive star. The three main quantities needed are the magnitude of the magnetic field producing pulsar kicks, the temperature which determines the velocity of the pulsar and the duration time for the gravitational radiation.res
The BES Collaboration has measured $\Psi(2S)$ decay to $J/\Psi \pi^+\pi^-$. Using the mixed hybrid theory for the $\Psi(2S)$ we estimate the decay to $J/\Psi(1S)$ + $\sigma$. Using the known $\sigma \rightarrow 2\pi$ coupling constant, we estimate the $\Psi(2S)$ to $J/\Psi(1S)$ + $2\pi$ decay rate and angular distribution. This is an extension of our previous research on $\Psi(2S)$ Decay to $J/\Psi(1S)$ +$\sigma$ + 2$\pi^o$, without the production of 2$\pi^o$, and with an estimate of the $\sigma \rightarrow \pi^+ + \pi^-$ transition.
We introduce the quark virtuality distribution [$λ^{2}_{q}(x)$] as an extenson of the quark virtuality by using nonlocal rather than local quark vacuum condensates. Our results show that the quark virtuality distribution decreases gradually from a finite value to zero as $x$ increases. This clearly indicates that quarks are confined inside hadrons, whereas, as $x$ approaches zero quarks have a finite virtuality, which shows asymptotic freedom of quarks in QCD. The present predictions are important not only for studying the properties of QCD vacuum states, and non-perturbative QCD problems, but also for study of the cosmological constant problem, which we have shown should be treated using nonlocal quark vacuum condensate in the Ghost theory of QCD.
Based on the Veneziano ghost theory of QCD, we estimate the cosmological constant $Λ$, which is related to the vacuum energy density, $ρ_Λ$, by $Λ= 8πG ρ_Λ$. In the recent Veneziano ghost theory $ρ_Λ$ is given by the absolute value of the product of the local quark condensate and quark current mass:$ρ_Λ = \frac{2N_{f}H}{m_{η'}}c |m_{q}<0|:\bar{q}q:|0>|$. By solving Dyson-Schwinger Equations for a dressed quark propagator, we found the local quark condensate $<0|:\bar{q}q:|0> \simeq -(235 MeV)^{3}$, the generally accepted value. The quark current mass is $m_{q} \simeq$ 4.0 Mev. This gives the same result for $ρ_Λ$ as found by previous authors, which is somewhat larger than the observed value. However, when we make use of the nonlocal quark condensate, $<0|:\bar{q}(x)q(0):|0>= g(x)<0|:\bar{q}q:|0>$, with g(x) estimated from our previous work, we find $Λ$ is in a good agreement with the observations.