arXiv subjects

Zi-Hua Weng

Publications and source records attributed to Zi-Hua Weng.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2016

Physical quantities and spatial parameters in the complex octonion curved space

The paper focuses on finding out several physical quantities to exert an influence on the spatial parameters of complex-octonion curved space, including the metric coefficient, connection coefficient, and curvature tensor. In the flat space described with the complex octonions, the radius vector is combined with the integrating function of field potential to become a composite radius vector. And the latter can be considered as the radius vector in a flat composite-space (a function space). Further it is able to deduce some formulae between the physical quantity and spatial parameter, in the complex-octonion curved composite-space. Under the condition of weak field approximation, these formulae infer a few results accordant with the General Theory of Relativity. The study reveals that it is capable of ascertaining which physical quantities are able to result in the warping of space, in terms of the curved composite-space described with the complex octonions. Moreover, the method may be expanded into some curved function spaces, seeking out more possible physical quantities to impact the bending degree of curved spaces.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2016

Forces in the complex octonion curved space

The paper aims to extend major equations in the electromagnetic and gravitational theories from the flat space into the complex octonion curved space. Maxwell applied simultaneously the quaternion analysis and vector terminology to describe the electromagnetic theory. It inspires subsequent scholars to study the electromagnetic and gravitational theories with the complex quaternions/octonions. Furthermore Einstein was the first to depict the gravitational theory by means of tensor analysis and curved four-space-time. Nowadays some scholars investigate the electromagnetic and gravitational properties making use of the complex quaternion/octonion curved space. From the orthogonality of two complex quaternions, it is possible to define the covariant derivative of the complex quaternion curved space, describing the gravitational properties in the complex quaternion curved space. Further it is possible to define the covariant derivative of the complex octonion curved space by means of the orthogonality of two complex octonions, depicting simultaneously the electromagnetic and gravitational properties in the complex octonion curved space. The result reveals that the connection coefficient and curvature of the complex octonion curved space will exert an influence on the field strength and field source of the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, impacting the linear momentum, angular momentum, torque, energy, and force and so forth.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2016

Some properties of dark matter field in the complex octonion space

The paper aims to consider the electromagnetic adjoint-field in the complex octonion space as the dark matter field, describing some properties of dark matter, especially the origin, particle category, existence region, and force and so forth. Since J. C. Maxwell applied the algebra of quaternions to depict the electromagnetic theory, some scholars adopt the complex quaternion and octonion to study the physics property of electromagnetic and gravitational fields. In the paper, by means of the octonion operator, it is found that the gravitational field accompanies with one adjoint-field, which property is partly similar to that of electromagnetic field. And the electromagnetic field accompanies with another adjoint-field, which feature is partly similar to that of gravitational field. As a result the electromagnetic adjoint-field is able to be chosen as one candidate of the dark matter field. According to the electromagnetic adjoint-field, it is able to predict a few properties of dark matter, for instance, the particle category, interaction intensity, interaction distance, and existence region and so forth. The study reveals that the dark matter particle and gravitational resource both will be influenced by the gravitational strength and force. The dark matter field is capable of making a contribution to physics quantities of gravitational field, including the angular momentum, torque, energy, and force and so on. Further there may be comparatively more chances to discover the dark matter in some regions with the ultrastrong field strength, surrounding the neutral star, white dwarf, galactic nucleus, black hole, and astrophysical jet and so on.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2015

Angular momentum and torque described with the complex octonion

The paper aims to adopt the complex octonion to formulate the angular momentum, torque, and force etc in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields. Applying the octonionic representation enables one single definition of angular momentum (or torque, force) to combine some physics contents, which were considered to be independent of each other in the past. J. C. Maxwell used simultaneously two methods, the vector terminology and quaternion analysis, to depict the electromagnetic theory. It motivates the paper to introduce the quaternion space into the field theory, describing the physical feature of electromagnetic and gravitational fields. The spaces of two fields can be chosen as the quaternion spaces, while the coordinate component of quaternion space is able to be the complex number. The quaternion space of electromagnetic field is independent of that of gravitational field. These two quaternion spaces may compose one octonion space. Contrarily, one octonion space can be separated into two subspaces, the quaternion space and S-quaternion space. In the quaternion space, it is able to infer the field potential, field strength, field source, angular momentum, torque, and force etc in the gravitational field. In the S-quaternion space, it is capable of deducing the field potential, field strength, field source, current continuity equation, and electric (or magnetic) dipolar moment etc in the electromagnetic field. The results reveal that the quaternion space is appropriate to describe the gravitational features, including the torque, force, and mass continuity equation etc. The S-quaternion space is proper to depict the electromagnetic features, including the dipolar moment and current continuity equation etc. In case the field strength is weak enough, the force and the continuity equation etc can be respectively reduced to that in the classical field theory.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2015

Dynamic of astrophysical jets in the complex octonion space

The paper aims to consider the strength gradient force as the dynamic of astrophysical jets, explaining the movement phenomena of astrophysical jets. J. C. Maxwell applied the quaternion analysis to describe the electromagnetic theory. This encourages others to adopt the complex quaternion and octonion to depict the electromagnetic and gravitational theories. In the complex octonion space, it is capable of deducing the field potential, field strength, field source, angular momentum, torque, force and so forth. As one component of the force, the strength gradient force relates to the gradient of the norm of field strength only, and is independent of not only the direction of field strength but also the mass and electric charge for the test particle. When the strength gradient force is considered as the thrust of the astrophysical jets, one can deduce some movement features of astrophysical jets, including the bipolarity, matter ingredient, precession, symmetric distribution, emitting, collimation, stability, continuing acceleration and so forth. The above results reveal that the strength gradient force is able to be applied to explain the main mechanical features of astrophysical jets, and is the competitive candidate of the dynamic of astrophysical jets.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2015

Field Equations in the Complex Quaternion Spaces

The paper aims to adopt the complex quaternion and octonion to formulate the field equations for electromagnetic and gravitational fields. Applying the octonionic representation enables one single definition to combine some physics contents of two fields, which were considered to be independent of each other in the past. J. C. Maxwell applied simultaneously the vector terminology and the quaternion analysis to depict the electromagnetic theory. This method edified the paper to introduce the quaternion and octonion spaces into the field theory, in order to describe the physical feature of electromagnetic and gravitational fields, while their coordinates are able to be the complex number. The octonion space can be separated into two subspaces, the quaternion space and the S-quaternion space. In the quaternion space, it is able to infer the field potential, field strength, field source, field equations, and so forth, in the gravitational field. In the S-quaternion space, it is able to deduce the field potential, field strength, field source, and so forth, in the electromagnetic field. The results reveal that the quaternion space is appropriate to describe the gravitational features; meanwhile the S-quaternion space is proper to depict the electromagnetic features.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2014

A Direct Inspection of the Displacement Current Using the Phase Measurement

After J. C. Maxwell brought forward the concept of displacement currents, H. R. Hertz and other scholars verified the existence of electromagnetic waves in experimental, and then confirmed indirectly the conceptive correctness of displacement currents. During the recent years, along with the evolution of electronic measurement technologies, the researchers are attempting to validate directly the amplitude and orientation of displacement currents in experimental. The paper proposes and achieves one phase measurement experiment to scrutinize the orientation of displacement currents. The study indicates that the existing measurement technology is capable of inspecting directly the amplitude and orientation of displacement currents. The test results do not locate on the predicted range of classical electromagnetic theory presently. The displacement current may not be treatable similar to the conductive current to a certain extent. This conclusion enriches the understanding to the property of displacement currents.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Some helicities in electromagnetic and gravitational fields

The paper investigates the influences of the helicity on the gravitational mass density, the field source, the charge continuity equation, and the mass continuity equation etc in the electromagnetic field and gravitational field. By means of the algebra of octonions, the magnetic helicity, the current helicity, the cross helicity, the kinetic helicity, the field energy, the enstrophy, and some new helicity terms can be derived from the octonion definitions of the linear mentum and the force in some field descriptions with different operators. The study claims that the gravitational mass density, the field source, the charge continuity equation, and the mass continuity equation will be impacted by the helicity, the field strength, and the vorticity of the rotational objects and of the spinning charged objects in the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field with their adjoint fields.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2010

Magneto-optic and electro-optic effects in electromagnetic and gravitational fields

The magneto-optic effects and electro-optic effects are the essential optic effects, although their theoretical explanations are not unified in the classical electromagnetic theory. Describing with the algebra of octonions, the electromagnetic theory can derive the magneto-optic effects and electro-optic effects from the same one force definition in the paper. As well as the magneto-optic effect is deduced from the known force term, the electro-optic effect is from the new force term in the octonion space. This description method is different to that in the quantum theory as well as the index ellipsoid approach for the electro-optic effect. One more significant inference is that the gravitational field has an impact on the rotation of linearly polarized light, and then results in the similar birefringence for the transmitted light in the cosmic matter.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2010

Franck-Hertz experiment in magnetic field

The paper studies the impact of applied magnetic field on the inelastic collisions of electrons with argon atoms. In the electron-argon Franck-Hertz experiment, the influence of applied magnetic field emerges complicated features, and is equivalent to that of the temperature. In case the accelerating electric intensity becomes strong enough, enlarging magnetic flux density will be equivalent to the increasing of oven temperature. When the accelerating electric intensity is very weak and the applied magnetic field occupies a dominant position, enhancing magnetic flux density is identical with the decreasing of oven temperature. And the non-uniform distribution of applied magnetic field has an influence on the inelastic collision as well. The study claims that the influence of magnetic field variation is equivalent to that of temperature variety, and that it leads the electron energy to transfer obviously in the experiment.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2010

Some Wave Equations for Electromagnetism and Gravitation

The paper studies the inferences of wave equations for electromagnetic fields when there are gravitational fields at the same time. In the description with the algebra of octonions, the inferences of wave equations are identical with that in conventional electromagnetic theory with vector terminology. By means of the octonion exponential function, we can draw out that the electromagnetic waves are transverse waves in a vacuum, and rephrase the law of reflection, Snell's law, Fresnel formula, and total internal reflection etc. The study claims that the theoretical results of wave equations for electromagnetic strength keep unchanged in the case for coexistence of gravitational and electromagnetic fields. Meanwhile the electric and magnetic components of electromagnetic waves can not be determined simultaneously in electromagnetic fields.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Adjoint charge in electromagnetic field

Making use of the octonion operator, the electromagnetic field generates an adjoint field theoretically. The source of adjoint field includes the adjoint charge and the adjoint current. The adjoint charge has an impact on the gravitational mass and the mass distribution in the electromagnetic field with its adjoint field, and causes further the predictions to departure slightly from the conservation of mass. The inferences can explain why the adjoint charge will influence the mass distribution in the gravitational field and electromagnetic field of celestial bodies. And then the adjoint charge can be considered as one kind of candidate for the dark matter.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Mass continuity equation in the electromagnetic field

A theoretical method with the quaternion algebra was presented to derive the mass continuity equation from the linear momentum. It predicts that the strength of electromagnetic field and the velocity have the impact on the mass continuity equation. In the gravitational field and electromagnetic field, the mass continuity equation will change with the electromagnetic field strength, gravitational field strength, linear momentum, electric current, and the speed of light. The deduction can explain why the field strength has an influence on the anomalous transport about the mass continuity equation in the plasma and electrolytes etc.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Influence of field potential on the speed of light

The paper discusses the affection of the scalar potential on the speed of light in the electromagnetic field, by means of the characteristics of octonion. In the octonion space, the radius vector is combined with the integral of field potentials to become one new radius vector. When the field potentials can not be neglected, the new radius vector will cause the prediction to departure slightly from the theoretical value of the speed of light. The results explain why the speed of light varies in diversiform optical waveguide. And there exist negative refractive indexes due to different scalar potentials in the gravitational field and electromagnetic field.

physics.gen-ph↗