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Zijing Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Zijing Wang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PACERec: Progressive Adaptation of LLM Item Embeddings with Collaborative Evidence for Recommendation

Large language model (LLM) embeddings have been increasingly adopted in sequential recommendation to encode static item attributes and alleviate the limitations of item ID embeddings under sparse interactions. However, these embeddings typically capture only static content similarity while neglecting sequential transitions, and since their adaptation quality relies on sparse per-item updates or global geometric calibration, existing methods still struggle to explicitly transfer preceding interaction contexts from frequent to long-tail items under unevenly distributed behavioral evidence, limiting recommendation effectiveness across the catalog. To address this challenge, we propose PACERec, an ID-free progressive adaptation framework that incorporates preceding interaction contexts into semantic representation adaptation by learning a shared velocity field from items with sufficient interactions via frequency-weighted flow matching. In this way, PACERec progressively guides static LLM embeddings toward collaborative behavioral targets while preserving original item semantics, overcoming sparse per-item updates to effectively generalize sequential transition patterns to long-tail items for both user modeling and candidate scoring. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets across three sequential backbones demonstrate the superiority of our method over competitive baselines in both overall and long-tail recommendation.

cs.IR↗

MUSE: A Theory-Harnessed Story Engine for Vibe Narrativizing

LLMs have been able to generate fluent prose, but high-quality stories also require coordinated decisions about plot, character, and language across planning, drafting, and revision. We formulate Vibe Narrativizing as turning natural-language writing requirements into a finished story. MUSE, a Theory-Harnessed Story Engine, addresses two bottlenecks: rule quality and sustained rule realization. Story theory supplies the rules, and a practical agent harness puts them to work. Knowledge engineering organizes Robert McKee's theory through rule atomization, semantic consolidation, mechanism abstraction, a single source of truth, and layered disclosure; typical examples clarify judgments that depend on context and aesthetic purpose. The harness preserves story decisions in intermediate deliverables across design, character performance, scene composition, and revision. Context engineering supplies each role with relevant guidance and decisions; a masterwork corpus provides inspiration and prose references. A worked example follows a requested object from its thematic role to climactic actions. Across four base models, MUSE improves WritingBench by 1.1 to 6.2 points over zero-shot generation; it is the only multi-stage system in our comparison to do so. It also raises LongStoryEval by more than ten points on three of the four models. ConStory-Bench consistency error density remains in the low single digits for all four models, below every reproduced story-system baseline on three of the four models. Ablations locate the largest quality contribution in structural design, voice-specific effects in the character path, and further gains in revision.

cs.CL↗

Orthogonal Yet Coupled: Decoupling Geometric Components for Model Merging

Merging pretrained models has emerged as an effective approach for consolidating diverse capabilities into a single unified model. However, prevailing merging methods typically treat each task vector as an indivisible merging unit, overlooking the heterogeneous geometric changes encoded within it. This treatment can induce cross-component coupling: when merging decisions are derived from statistics of the complete task vector, the geometric characteristics of one component may influence how another is selected, weighted, or combined, potentially degrading the quality of the merged model. To address this issue, we propose DiGA, a Disentangled Geometry-Aware model merging framework. Using the pretrained weights as a shared geometric reference, DiGA orthogonally decomposes each task vector into components corresponding to distinct geometric attributes. Rather than merging the task vectors as a whole, DiGA aggregates corresponding components independently within their respective subspaces and subsequently recombines them into a unified update. This component-wise formulation preserves the geometric identity of each component and prevents the characteristics of one component from interfering with the aggregation of another. Furthermore, DiGA can be incorporated into a broad range of existing model merging methods. Extensive experiments across diverse models, tasks, and merging methods demonstrate that DiGA improves merged-model performance and reduces capability degradation. Our repository is on https://github.com/wzj1718/DiGA.

cs.CL↗

Right Words, Wrong Moment: A Clinician-Grounded Analysis of Distress in 19,930 Conversations between Young People and ChatGPT

Young people increasingly turn to General-Purpose Conversational Agents (GPCAs), such as ChatGPT, in moments of distress. We examine young adults' (ages 18-25) experiences using ChatGPT. We first collected 19,930 ChatGPT conversations and survey data from 158 young adults. We then selected five example conversations reflecting user distress. Finally, we asked ten clinicians to review those five conversations. We found distressed participants reported greater emotional engagement with ChatGPT and greater behavioral change from using it than their peers. When they turned to ChatGPT in moments of acute distress, ChatGPT was quick to give overly dramatic responses and excessive action-oriented suggestions. Clinicians endorsed ChatGPT's availability and much of its wording, but identified seven process failures, such as prematurely jumping to solutions. We translated clinicians' feedback into design guidelines following three stages: 1) asking about safety, 2) de-escalating intensity to restore emotional regulation, and 3) exploring concerns without agreeing with them.

cs.AI↗

HelloWorld: Towards Practical Applications of Generative Driving World Models

Driving world models provide a promising route toward scalable counterfactual data generation and interactive simulation beyond recorded driving logs. Realizing this potential requires a system that can generalize across diverse scenes, respond faithfully to prescribed controls, generate coherent multi-sensor observations, and operate efficiently under repeated inference. We present \textbf{HelloWorld}, a 2B driving world model system designed around these requirements. HelloWorld progressively specializes broad visual and motion priors from heterogeneous video data into controllable driving generation using ego pose, HD maps, and 3D boxes. A block-causal generation interface, together with adaptation to self-generated context, aligns the model with sequential simulation. The system further supports synchronized seven-camera RGB generation and conditional LiDAR synthesis, and is distilled toward few-step inference for efficient deployment. Experiments evaluate visual quality, control fidelity, cross-view consistency, robustness under repeated generation, inference efficiency, and LiDAR synthesis. Together, HelloWorld provides a unified framework for scalable driving data generation and interactive simulation.

cs.CV↗

A Target-Centric Survey of Quantization-Aware Training

The rapid development of LLMs incurs prohibitive memory footprints and intensive computational demands. Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) techniques have emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges by explicitly simulating quantization effects during model training, yielding low-bit models that achieve accuracy comparable to their full-precision counterparts. In this work, we provide a target-centric survey of QAT, aimed at clarifying both its theoretical foundations and its evolving implementation landscape. We systematically review existing QAT methods through a target-centric taxonomy and synthesize cross-target differences in error characteristics, numerical formats, and strategy transferability. We further summarize QAT evaluation paradigms and discuss challenges in optimization and deployment, outlining potential directions for future research.

cs.LG↗

Equivariant Localization of $K$-homological Euler Class for almost connected Lie Groups

Using the Witten deformation and localization algebra techniques, we compute the $G$-equivariant $K$-homology class of the de Rham operator on a proper cocompact $G$-spin manifold, where $G$ is an almost connected Lie group. By applying a $G$-invariant Morse-Bott perturbation, this class is localized near the zero set of the perturbation and can be identified explicitly with an element in the representation rings associated to some isotropy subgroups. The result yields an equivariant Poincaré-Hopf formula and supplies concise tools for equivariant index computations.

math.OA↗

TRAM: Enhancing Multimodal Reasoning with Trajectory-Derived Auxiliary Memory

Multimodal Large Reasoning Models (MLRMs) have achieved strong performance on tasks requiring visual understanding and multi-step inference. However, as reasoning trajectories grow, models may become less effective at using information established earlier in the context, increasing the risk of reasoning errors. Existing approaches primarily address this problem by sustaining visual grounding throughout reasoning. However, reasoning also transforms visual observations into task-specific relations, constraints, and intermediate conclusions whose influence may weaken over long trajectories. Our attribution analysis suggests that correctness is not consistently separated by image attribution alone, but is more closely associated with whether trajectories retain and integrate such reasoning-derived information across stages. Motivated by this, we introduce TRAM (TRajectory-derived Auxiliary Memory), a training-free method that augments standard decoding with an auxiliary memory pathway derived from the model's own reasoning trajectory. TRAM consolidates completed reasoning into a compact latent memory, updates it online through fast and slow recurrent streams, and feeds it back into selected decoder layers through a lightweight residual pathway. Experiments across four MLRM variants on eight benchmarks show that TRAM improves performance over vanilla decoding on mathematical, scientific, and general visual reasoning tasks without additional training.

cs.CL↗

An Information-Theoretic Metric for Semantic Value of Spatiotemporal Information

With the explosive growth of network scale and data volume, wireless communication is facing an increasingly severe limitation of spectrum resources. Semantic communication has emerged as a promising paradigm to break the bandwidth bottleneck by transmitting significant task-oriented semantic information rather than raw data. In practical real-time wireless applications, semantics of information exhibit diverse spatial and temporal correlations depending on intrinsic dynamics of source and extrinsic dynamics of environment. Motivated by this observation, this paper develops a novel information-theoretic metric to quantify the semantic value of spatiotemporal information. Specifically, a semantic value of information (SVoI) framework is proposed based on the mutual information, which characterises the reduction in uncertainty when predicting an unknown system state using past semantic spatiotemporal correlated observations. Focusing on general Gaussian Markov models, closed-form expressions of the SVoI are derived. Effects of both separable and coupled spatiotemporal correlations on SVoI are further investigated analytically. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical analysis of SVoI and its bounds. The proposed SVoI metric jointly captures the impact of semantic spatiotemporal correlation of source, timeliness of information, and channel conditions, which could serve as an effective optimisation objective for the design of next-generation semantic-aware communication systems.

cs.IT↗

Beyond Text Following: Repairable Arbitration Reversals in Audio-Language Models

Audio-language models (ALMs) often follow text that conflicts with audio, even when the audio evidence is clear. This raises a basic question: is the audio-supported answer unavailable, or is it represented but overridden by the conflicting text? We examine this question using a same-audio counterfactual that keeps the audio fixed, removes only the conflicting text, and measures the resulting shift in model preference. Across five ALMs and four conflict tasks, 64.1% of conflict samples show a sign flip: the same-audio branch prefers the audio-supported answer, whereas the joint branch prefers the text-supported answer. This pattern suggests that the relevant audio evidence is encoded but loses in arbitration. Activation patching further localizes the reversal to answer-position computation, and patching effects closely track output candidate-score differences (Spearman rho=0.93). Using this diagnostic, we propose Gated Audio Counterfactual Logit Correction (GACL), a training-free decoding rule that interpolates between joint and same-audio scores. Under a strict 5 pp faithfulness-drop budget, GACL improves nAUC by 17.8 points over the best contrastive baseline and transfers without retuning to vision-text arbitration (up to +40.5 pp).

cs.SD↗

DiM\textsuperscript{3}: Bridging Multilingual and Multimodal Models via Direction- and Magnitude-Aware Merging

Towards more general and human-like intelligence, large language models should seamlessly integrate both multilingual and multimodal capabilities; however, extending an existing multimodal model to many languages typically requires expensive multilingual multimodal data construction and repeated end-to-end retraining. We study a training-free alternative: injecting multilingual capability into an existing multimodal model by composing residual updates in the shared language model backbone. The key challenge is that multilingual and multimodal updates are heterogeneous, reflecting different functional roles in the shared model. To address this, we propose Direction- and Magnitude-aware Multilingual Multimodal merging (DiM3), which selectively composes the two updates at each parameter dimension while preserving the original vision encoder and multimodal projector. Experiments on multilingual benchmarks in both text-only and vision-language settings, covering 57 languages across LLaVA- and Qwen-based backbones, show that DiM3 consistently outperforms existing merging baselines, substantially improves multilingual performance over the original multimodal model, and remains competitive with dedicated multilingual multimodal fine-tuning while largely retaining general multimodal ability. We further show that DiM3 can be directly applied to already trained multilingual multimodal models and still yield additional gains. Further interpretability analysis shows that DiM3 primarily reshapes intermediate-layer semantic representations, strengthening cross-lingual alignment under both text-only and multimodal inputs while preserving higher-layer task-sensitive structure. Our repository is on https://github.com/wzj1718/DiM3.

cs.CL↗

SMoA: Spectrum Modulation Adapter for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

As the number of model parameters increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the go-to choice for tailoring pre-trained large language models. Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) uses a low-rank update method to simulate full parameter fine-tuning, which is widely used to reduce resource requirements. However, decreasing the rank encounters challenges with limited representational capacity. Theory suggests that LoRA fine-tuning with rank r converges toward the top r singular values of the pre-trained weight matrix. As the rank increases, more principal singular directions are preserved, which generally improves the model's performance. However, a larger rank also introduces more trainable parameters, leading to higher computational cost. To overcome this dilemma, we propose SMoA, a \textbf{S}pectrum \textbf{Mo}dulation \textbf{A}dapter that enlarges the accessible family of spectrum-aware updates under a smaller parameter budget. SMoA partitions the layer into multiple aligned spectral blocks and applies one in-block Hadamard-modulated low-rank branch to each diagonal block, yielding broader coverage of pretrained spectral directions. We provide theoretical analysis and empirical results on multiple tasks. In our experiments, SMoA improves average performance in the current lower-budget setting over LoRA and competitive LoRA-style baselines.

cs.LG↗

ChunkFT: Byte-Streamed Optimization for Memory-Efficient Full Fine-Tuning

This work presents \textsc{ChunkFT}, a memory-efficient fine-tuning framework that reformulates full-parameter fine-tuning around a dynamically activated working set. \textsc{ChunkFT} enables gradient computation for arbitrary sub-tensors without modifying the network architecture, providing an algorithmic foundation for optimizing arbitrary sub-networks while avoiding standard dense gradient computation. We provide a theoretical convergence analysis of \textsc{ChunkFT} in the deterministic setting. Empirically, we apply \textsc{ChunkFT} to fine-tune Llama 3-8B and Llama 3-70B using a single RTX 4090-24GB GPU and 2$\times$ H800-80GB GPUs, respectively. Full-parameter fine-tuning of a 7B model with a 1K input length requires only 13.72GB of GPU memory. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of \textsc{ChunkFT} in memory usage, running time, and optimization quality. Moreover, downstream evaluations on language understanding, mathematical reasoning, and MT-Bench show that \textsc{ChunkFT} consistently outperforms existing memory-efficient baselines. Notably, \textsc{ChunkFT} achieves performance comparable to, and in some cases exceeding, full-parameter fine-tuning. Our repository is on https://github.com/misonsky/chunk.

cs.LG↗

Resilient and Freshness-Aware Scheduling for Industrial Multi-Hop IAB Networks: A Packet Duplication Approach

In industrial millimeter-wave (mmWave) multi-hop Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks, dynamic blockages caused by moving obstacles pose a severe threat to robust and continuous networks. While Packet Duplication (PD) enhances reliability by path diversity, it inevitably doubles the traffic load, leading to severe congestion and degraded Age of Information (AoI). To navigate this reliability-congestion trade-off, we formulated an optimization problem in a multi-hop IAB scenario that minimizes the average AOI while satisfying strict queue stability constraints. We utilize Lyapunov optimization to transform the long-term stochastic optimization problem into tractable deterministic sub-problems. To solve these sub-problems efficiently, we propose a Resilient and Freshness-Aware Scheduling (RFAS) algorithm. Simulation results show that in blockage-prone environments, RFAS significantly outperforms baselines by maintaining a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) above 95\%. Crucially, it strictly guarantees queue stability under hard buffer constraints, whereas baselines suffer from buffer overflows. Furthermore, RFAS reduces the network load imbalance by 19\% compared to the baseline in high-frequency traffic scenarios. This confirms RFAS as a robust and sustainable solution for real-time industrial control loops.

cs.NI↗

SR-Nav: Spatial Relationships Matter for Zero-shot Object Goal Navigation

Zero-shot object-goal navigation aims to find target objects in unseen environments using only egocentric observation. Recent methods leverage foundation models' comprehension and reasoning capabilities to enhance navigation performance. However, when faced with poor viewpoints or weak semantic cues, foundation models often fail to support reliable reasoning in both perception and planning, resulting in inefficient or failed navigation. We observe that inherent relationships among objects and regions encode structured scene priors, which help agents infer plausible target locations even under partial observations. Motivated by this insight, we propose Spatial Relation-aware Navigation (SR-Nav), a framework that models both observed and experience-based spatial relationships to enhance both perception and planning. Specifically, SR-Nav first constructs a Dynamic Spatial Relationship Graph (DSRG) that encodes the target-centered spatial relationships through the foundation models and updates dynamically with real-time observations. We then introduce a Relation-aware Matching Module. It utilizes relationship matching instead of naive detection, leveraging diverse relationships in the DSRG to verify and correct errors, enhancing visual perception robustness. Finally, we design a Dynamic Relationship Planning Module to reduce the planning search space by dynamically computing the optimal paths based on the DSRG from the current position, thereby guiding planning and reducing exploration redundancy. Experiments on HM3D show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in both success rate and navigation efficiency. The code will be publicly available at https://github.com/Mzyw-1314/SR-Nav

cs.CV↗

High-Rank Structured Modulation for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

As the number of model parameters increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the go-to choice for tailoring pre-trained large language models. Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) uses a low-rank update method to simulate full parameter fine-tuning, which is widely used to reduce resource requirements. However, decreasing the rank encounters challenges with limited representational capacity when compared to full parameter fine-tuning. We present \textbf{SMoA}, a high-rank \textbf{S}tructured \textbf{MO}dulation \textbf{A}dapter that uses fewer trainable parameters while maintaining a higher rank, thereby improving the model's representational capacity and offering improved performance potential. The core idea is to freeze the original pretrained weights and selectively amplify or suppress important features of the original weights across multiple subspaces. The subspace mechanism provides an efficient way to increase the capacity and complexity of a model. We conduct both theoretical analyses and empirical studies on various tasks. Experiment results show that SMoA outperforms LoRA and its variants on 10 tasks, with extensive ablation studies validating its effectiveness.

cs.CL↗

PlaM: Training-Free Plateau-Guided Model Merging for Better Visual Grounding in MLLMs

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) rely on strong linguistic reasoning inherited from their base language models. However, multimodal instruction fine-tuning paradoxically degrades this text's reasoning capability, undermining multimodal performance. To address this issue, we propose a training-free framework to mitigate this degradation. Through layer-wise vision token masking, we reveal a common three-stage pattern in multimodal large language models: early-modal separation, mid-modal alignment, and late-modal degradation. By analyzing the behavior of MLLMs at different stages, we propose a plateau-guided model merging method that selectively injects base language model parameters into MLLMs. Experimental results based on five MLLMs on nine benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Attention-based analysis further reveals that merging shifts attention from diffuse, scattered patterns to focused localization on task-relevant visual regions. Our repository is on https://github.com/wzj1718/PlaM.

cs.CL↗

Urban Air Mobility: A Review of Recent Advances in Communication, Management, and Sustainability

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) offers a transformative approach to addressing urban congestion, improving accessibility, and advancing environmental sustainability. Rapid progress has emerged in three tightly linked domains since 2020: (1) Communication, where dynamic spectrum allocation and low-altitude channel characterization support reliable air-ground data exchange; (2) UAM management, with novel air-traffic control concepts for dense, largely autonomous urban airspace; and (3) Sustainability, driven by energy-efficient propulsion, integrated charging infrastructure, and holistic environmental assessment. This paper reviews and synthesizes the latest research across these areas, compares the state-of-the-art solutions, and outlines the technological and infrastructural milestones that are critical to realizing a scalable, sustainable UAM ecosystem.

eess.SY↗