arXiv subjects

Zitao Huang

Publications and source records attributed to Zitao Huang.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Intraday Gas Fee Heterogeneity on Ethereum: Evidence from Operational Firms

Ethereum's EIP-1559 fee mechanism was designed under the assumption of homogeneous, myopic agents responding to a single congestion signal. We examine how this assumption interacts with the heterogeneous demand structure of real-world Ethereum users. Analyzing 62,142 confirmed transactions from seven operational firms across seven industries (January--March 2026), we document significant intraday gas-fee variation: fees peak at hour~12 UTC (7\,AM ET, $\hatβ_{12}=\$0.054$ above the U.S.\ evening baseline, $p<0.001$) and are associated with periods of elevated speculative-arbitrage activity. Operational firms exhibit heterogeneous scheduling responses moderated by transaction deferrability and gas intensity. Residual cost floors, i.e. the gap between observed expenditure and the counterfactual under perfect off-peak scheduling, range from 40.7\% to 92.5\% of actual expenditure, and persist even during the lowest-cost hours ($h\in\{20,21,22,23\}$ UTC, 3--6\,PM ET). We introduce an On-Chain Scheduling Matrix that maps firms to four scheduling regimes as a practical framework for managing gas-fee exposure under the current mechanism.

econ.EM↗

arXiv2024

Quantum Random Number Generation Based on Phase Reconstruction

Quantum random number generator (QRNG) utilizes the intrinsic randomness of quantum systems to generate completely unpredictable and genuine random numbers, finding wide applications across many fields. QRNGs relying on the phase noise of a laser have attracted considerable attention due to their straightforward system architecture and high random number generation rates. However, traditional phase noise QRNGs suffer from a 50\% loss of quantum entropy during the randomness extraction process. In this paper, we propose a phase-reconstruction quantum random number generation scheme, in which the phase noise of a laser is reconstructed by simultaneously measuring the orthogonal quadratures of the light field using balanced detectors. This enables direct discretization of uniform phase noise, and the min-entropy can achieve a value of 1. Furthermore, our approach exhibits inherent robustness against the classical phase fluctuations of the unbalanced interferometer, eliminating the need for active compensation. Finally, we conducted experimental validation using commercial optical hybrid and balanced detectors, achieving a random number generation rate of 1.96 Gbps at a sampling rate of 200 MSa/s.

quant-ph↗