arXiv subjects

Ziyu Han

Publications and source records attributed to Ziyu Han.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

RHEA: Reliability-Harmonized Reconstruction and Assignment for Robust Multimodal-Attributed Graph Clustering

Multimodal-attributed graphs (MAGs), whose nodes carry heterogeneous attributes such as text and images over a relational structure, have become a fundamental substrate for label-free entity grouping tasks, including community discovery and product segmentation. Existing MAG clustering methods effectively integrate complementary modalities when attributes are clean and complete, but degrade substantially under noisy or missing attributes because they implicitly assume equal modality reliability across all nodes. In practice, modality reliability is inherently node-specific: images may be corrupted or absent, while textual descriptions are incomplete or noisy. We argue that, under attribute homophily, graph neighborhoods naturally provide supervision-free evidence for estimating node-specific modality reliability. Based on this insight, we propose RHEA, a reliability-aware framework for MAG clustering that estimates node-specific modality reliability from neighborhood consensus and propagates this signal throughout the clustering pipeline. RHEA reconstructs unreliable or missing modalities from graph neighborhoods, adaptively weights modalities during reliability-aware fusion, and performs topology-aware optimal transport clustering with reliability-aware transport assignment and neighbor-consensus assignment distillation. Furthermore, the confidence of reconstructed representations is incorporated into the clustering objective, allowing uncertain reconstructions to contribute proportionally during optimization. Experiments on four MAG benchmarks under five attribute conditions show that RHEA consistently outperforms the strongest baseline, with NMI gains increasing as attribute quality deteriorates.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

Dashboard2Code: Evaluating Multimodal Models on Reconstructing Interactive Dashboards

Automatic data visualization generation has advanced rapidly with multi-modal large language models, yet existing efforts largely focus on static charts and overlook the interactive dashboards commonly used for real-world data exploration. We introduce Dashboard2Code, a novel task that requires a model to proactively explore an interactive dashboard, acquire and integrate feedback from its own interactions (e.g., clicking and filtering), and generate code that reproduces the target dashboard. To support comprehensive evaluation, we present DashboardMimic, the first Plotly+Dash benchmark for Dashboard2Code, comprising 180 carefully designed and manually verified dashboard-code pairs spanning three difficulty levels and covering eight common real-world interaction patterns. We further propose an automated evaluation framework tailored to dashboards that combines code semantic analysis with dynamic interaction-based testing to assess visual and interaction consistency, showing strong agreement with human judgments. Experiments across a range of open- and closed-source multi-modal models reveal that even the strongest systems struggle on high-complexity dashboards and that a substantial performance gap remains between open-source and closed-source models on the Dashboard2Code task.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2026

From Holistic Evaluation to Structured Criteria: Rubrics Across the Evolving LLM Landscape

As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance toward open-ended autonomous agents, the mechanisms used to evaluate and guide their behavior must evolve accordingly. This work introduces the rubric as a unifying framework capturing this evolution, characterizing rubrics as a dynamic response to successive LLM paradigm shifts that recurs across otherwise independent efforts in evaluation, reinforcement learning, and safety alignment. We define rubrics as explicit criteria sets that transform complex quality judgments into structured and actionable standards, and demonstrate that their recurrence across these research threads is not coincidental. We systematically organize existing rubric designs, examine their construction and optimization, and analyze their role across evaluation and training. Rubrics manifest at three progressively deeper levels: at the evaluative level, they decompose holistic judgments into verifiable dimensions; at the training level, they serve as dense feedback signals providing process-level guidance where scalar rewards fall short; at the intrinsic level, they emerge dynamically from model behaviors, driving self-improvement. We further assess rubric reliability across generation quality, execution fidelity, theoretical constraints, and security threats, before surveying rubric-based benchmarks across diverse domains. By rendering assessment transparent and decomposable, rubrics translate human value expectations into machine-learnable signals, serving as the enduring bridge between human intentions and machine behavior.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

Stabilizing Recurrent Dynamics for Test-Time Scalable Latent Reasoning in Looped Language Models

Looped Language Models (LoopLMs) enable efficient latent reasoning through depth recurrence, yet exhibit unreliable test-time scaling behavior: performance often peaks at a certain iteration depth and then collapses with further recurrence. Through latent dynamics analysis, we find an inherent trade-off between stability and effectiveness in existing architectures and strategies. By conceptualizing reasoning as uncertainty reduction, we propose that convergence toward stable fixed points while preserving effectiveness represents a promising way. To this end, we propose STARS (STAbility-driven Recurrent Scaling), a training framework that constrains latent states to approach asymptotically stable fixed points. This is realized via efficient Jacobian Spectral Radius Regularization with random loop sampling, enabling STARS to maximize effectiveness while ensuring rigorous stability. Experiments on arithmetic tasks show that STARS achieves reliable test-time scaling, and on complex mathematical reasoning it substantially mitigates performance degradation as recurrence depth increases while also improving peak performance.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

ChartREG++: Towards Benchmarking and Improving Chart Referring Expression Grounding under Diverse referring clues and Multi-Target Referring

Referring expression grounding is a core problem in visual grounding and is widely used as a diagnostic of spatial grounding and reasoning in vision and language models, yet most prior work focuses on natural images. In contrast, existing chart referring expression grounding-related benchmarks remain limited: (1) they largely adopt bounding boxes, constraining localization precision for fine chart elements (2) they mostly assume a single and two referred target instances, failing to handle multi-instance target references; (3) the language expressions over-rely on textual cues or data-rank clues (4) they cover only a narrow range of chart types. To address these issues, we introduce a chart referring expression grounding benchmark that systematically supports multiple localization forms, multiple referred targets, diverse grounding cues and diverse chart types. Results across representative multimodal large models reveal a significant performance gap. We further introduce a code-driven synthesis pipeline that exploits the inherent alignment between plotting programs and rendered chart primitives to derive pixel accurate instance masks across chart element types and granularities. We train an instance segmentation model with the synthesized masks and integrate it into a general-purpose multimodal grounding framework. The resulting system consistently outperforms baselines on our benchmark and generalizes well to a ChartQA-derived real-chart grounding benchmark.

cs.CV↗