arXiv subjects

Ziyue Ma

Publications and source records attributed to Ziyue Ma.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Opacity Enforcing Supervisory Control with a Priori Unknown Supervisors

We investigate the enforcement of opacity in discrete-event systems via supervisory control. A system is said to be opaque if a passive intruder can never unambiguously infer whether the system is in a secret state through its observations. In this context, the intruder's knowledge about the supervisor plays a critical role in both problem formulation and solvability. Existing studies typically assume that the policy of the supervisor is either fully unknown to the intruder or fully known a priori, the latter leading to severe technical challenges and unresolved problems under incomparable observations. This paper investigates opacity supervisory control under a new intermediate information setting, which we refer to as the a priori unknown supervisor setting. In this setting, the supervisor's internal realization is not publicly available, but the intruder can partially infer its behavior by eavesdropping on the control decisions issued online during system execution. We formalize the intruder's information-flow under both observation-triggered and decision-triggered decision-issuance mechanisms and define the corresponding notions of opacity. We provide sound and complete algorithms for synthesizing opacity-enforcing supervisors without imposing any restrictions on the observable or controllable event sets. By constructing an information-state structure that embeds the supervisor's estimate of the intruder's belief, the synthesis problem is reduced to a safety game. Finally, we show that, under strictly finer intruder observations, the proposed setting coincides with the standard a priori known supervisor model.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2024

On Epistemic Properties in Discrete-Event Systems: A Uniform Framework and Its Applications

In this paper, we investigate the property verification problem for partially-observed DES from a new perspective. Specifically, we consider the problem setting where the system is observed by two agents independently, each with its own observation. The purpose of the first agent, referred to as the low-level observer, is to infer the actual behavior of the system, while the second, referred to as the high-level observer, aims to infer the knowledge of Agent 1 regarding the system. We present a general notion called the epistemic property capturing the inference from the high-level observer to the low-level observer. A typical instance of this definition is the notion of high-order opacity, which specifies that the intruder does not know that the system knows some critical information. This formalization is very general and supports any user-defined information-state-based knowledge between the two observers. We demonstrate how the general definition of epistemic properties can be applied in different problem settings such as information leakage diagnosis or tactical cooperation without explicit communications. Finally, we provide a systematic approach for the verification of epistemic properties. Particularly, we identify some fragments of epistemic properties that can be verified more efficiently.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2024

A New Method in Facial Registration in Clinics Based on Structure Light Images

Background and Objective: In neurosurgery, fusing clinical images and depth images that can improve the information and details is beneficial to surgery. We found that the registration of face depth images was invalid frequently using existing methods. To abundant traditional image methods with depth information, a method in registering with depth images and traditional clinical images was investigated. Methods: We used the dlib library, a C++ library that could be used in face recognition, and recognized the key points on faces from the structure light camera and CT image. The two key point clouds were registered for coarse registration by the ICP method. Fine registration was finished after coarse registration by the ICP method. Results: RMSE after coarse and fine registration is as low as 0.995913 mm. Compared with traditional methods, it also takes less time. Conclusions: The new method successfully registered the facial depth image from structure light images and CT with a low error, and that would be promising and efficient in clinical application of neurosurgery.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2021

Non-Blockingness Verification of Bounded Petri Nets Using Basis Reachability Graphs -- An Extended Version With Benchmarks

In this paper, we study the problem of non-blockingness verification by tapping into the basis reachability graph (BRG). Non-blockingness is a property that ensures that all pre-specified tasks can be completed, which is a mandatory requirement during the system design stage. In this paper we develop a condition of transition partition of a given net such that the corresponding conflict-increase BRG contains sufficient information on verifying non-blockingness of its corresponding Petri net. Thanks to the compactness of the BRG, our approach possesses practical efficiency since the exhaustive enumeration of the state space can be avoided. In particular, our method does not require that the net is deadlock-free.

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arXiv2020

Verification of Nonblockingness in Bounded Petri Nets With Minimax Basis Reachability Graphs

This paper proposes a semi-structural approach to verify the nonblockingness of a Petri net. We construct a structure, called minimax basis reachability graph (minimax-BRG): it provides an abstract description of the reachability set of a net while preserving all information needed to test if the net is blocking. We prove that a bounded deadlock-free Petri net is nonblocking if and only if its minimax-BRG is unobstructed, which can be verified by solving a set of integer constraints and then examining the minimax-BRG. For Petri nets that are not deadlock-free, one needs to determine the set of deadlock markings. This can be done with an approach based on the computation of maximal implicit firing sequences enabled by the markings in the minimax-BRG. The approach we developed does not require the construction of the reachability graph and has wide applicability.

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