arXiv subjects

Zongzheng Zhou

Publications and source records attributed to Zongzheng Zhou.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Self-avoiding trails in two and three dimensions

The self-avoiding trail is an important variant of the self-avoiding walk. In this work, we employ an irreversible Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, together with the reversible Berretti-Sokal algorithm for comparison, to simulate self-avoiding trails on the square and simple cubic lattices with periodic boundary conditions. Based on finite-size analyses of the unwrapped end-to-end distance and the Binder ratio, we accurately estimate the critical points on the simple cubic and square lattices to be 0.206\,376\,9(2) and 0.367\,561\,1(1), respectively, improving the precision of previous best estimates by factors of 500 and 70. At the estimated critical point of the simple cubic lattice, we numerically demonstrate that both the critical scaling behaviors of various quantities and the length distributions of self-avoiding trails and walks are consistent with each other. Our accurate numerical results are attributed to the efficiency of the irreversible algorithm, whose advantage over the reversible algorithm is even more pronounced for the self-avoiding trail model than for the self-avoiding walk model.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2025

The rate of convergence of the critical mean-field O(N) magnetization via multivariate nonnormal Stein's method

We study the distribution of the magnetization of the critical mean-field O(N) model with N > 1. Specifically, we bound the Wasserstein distance between the finite-volume and limiting distributions, in terms of the number of spins. To achieve this, we extend a recent multivariate nonnormal approximation theorem. This generalizes known results for the Curie-Weiss magnetization to the multivariate O(N) setting.

math.PR↗

arXiv2025

Correction-to-scaling exponent for percolation and the Fortuin--Kasteleyn Potts model in two dimensions

The number $n_s$ of clusters (per site) of size $s$, a central quantity in percolation theory, displays at criticality an algebraic scaling behavior of the form $n_s\simeq s^{-τ}\, A\, (1+B s^{-Ω})$. For the Fortuin--Kasteleyn representation of the $Q$-state Potts model in two dimensions, the Fisher exponent $τ$ is known as a function of the real parameter $0\le Q\le4$, and, for bond percolation (the $Q\rightarrow 1$ limit), the correction-to-scaling exponent is derived as $Ω=72/91$. We theoretically derive the exact formula for the correction-to-scaling exponent $Ω=8/[(2g+1)(2g+3)]$ as a function of the Coulomb-gas coupling strength $g$, which is related to $Q$ by $Q=2+2\cos(2 πg)$. Using an efficient Monte Carlo cluster algorithm, we study the O($n$) loop model on the hexagonal lattice, which is in the same universality class as the $Q=n^2$ Potts model, and has significantly suppressed finite-size corrections and critical slowing-down. The predictions of the above formula include the exact value for percolation as a special case and agree well with the numerical estimates of $Ω$ for both the critical and tricritical branches of the Potts model.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2024

Logarithmic Finite-Size Scaling of the Four-Dimensional Ising Model

Field-theoretical calculations predict that, at the upper critical dimension $d_c=4$, the finite-size scaling (FSS) behaviors of the Ising model would be modified by multiplicative logarithmic corrections with thermal and magnetic correction exponents $(\hat{y}_t, \hat{y}_h)=(1/6,1/4)$. Using high-efficient cluster algorithms and the lifted worm algorithm, we present a systematic study of the FSS of the four-dimensional Ising model in the Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) bond and loop representations. Our numerical results reveal the FSS behaviors of various geometric and physical quantities in the three representations, offering robust evidence for the logarithmic correction form conjectured by the field theory. In particular, clear evidence is obtained for the existence of $\hat{y}_t=1/6$ in the loop representation, while it is difficult to extract in the spin representations, because of mixing with the Gaussian-fixed-point asymptotics. In the FK-bond representation, the multiplicative logarithmic correction for the second-largest cluster is also numerically observed to be governed by an exponent $\hat{y}_{h2} = -1/4$ with its exact value unknown yet.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2024

Finite-Size Scaling of the High-Dimensional Ising Model in the Loop Representation

Besides its original spin representation, the Ising model is known to have the Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) bond and loop representations, of which the former was recently shown to exhibit two upper critical dimensions $(d_c=4,d_p=6)$. Using a lifted worm algorithm, we determine the critical coupling as $K_c = 0.077\,708\,91(4)$ for $d=7$, which significantly improves over the previous results, and then study critical geometric properties of the loop-Ising clusters on tori for spatial dimensions $d=5$ to 7. We show that, as the spin representation, the loop Ising model has only one upper critical dimension at $d_c=4$. However, sophisticated finite-size scaling (FSS) behaviors, like two length scales, two configuration sectors and two scaling windows, still exist as the interplay effect of the Gaussian fixed point and complete-graph asymptotics. Moreover, using the Loop-Cluster algorithm, we provide an intuitive understanding of the emergence of the percolation-like upper critical dimension $d_p=6$ in the FK-Ising model. As a consequence, a unified physical picture is established for the FSS behaviors in all the three representations of the Ising model above $d_c=4$.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2023

Two-point functions of random-length random walk on high-dimensional boxes

We study the two-point functions of a general class of random-length random walks on finite boxes in $\ZZ^d$ with $d\ge3$, and provide precise asymptotics for their behaviour. We show that the finite-box two-point function is asymptotic to the infinite-lattice two-point function when the typical walk length is $o(L^2)$, but develops a plateau when the typical walk length is $Ω(L^2)$. We also numerically study walk length moments and limiting distributions of the self-avoiding walk and Ising model on five-dimensional tori, and find that they agree asymptotically with the known results for self-avoiding walk on the complete graph, both at the critical point and also for a broad class of scaling windows/pseudocritical points. Furthermore, we show that the two-point function of the finite-box random-length random walk, with walk length chosen via the complete graph self-avoiding walk, agrees numerically with the two-point functions of the self-avoiding walk and Ising model on five-dimensional tori. We conjecture that these observations in five dimensions should also hold in all higher dimensions.

math-ph↗

arXiv2023

Interplay of the complete-graph and Gaussian fixed-point asymptotics in finite-size scaling of percolation above the upper critical dimension

Percolation has two mean-field theories, the Gaussian fixed point (GFP) and the Landau mean-field theory or the complete graph (CG) asymptotics. By large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, we systematically study the interplay of the GFP and CG effects to the finite-size scaling of percolation above the upper critical dimension $d_c = 6$ with periodic, free, and cylindrical boundary conditions. Our results suggest that, with periodic boundaries, the \emph{unwrapped} correlation length scales as $L^{d/6}$ at the critical point, diverging faster than $L$ above $d_c$. As a consequence, the scaling behaviours of macroscopic quantities with respect to the linear system size $L$ follow the CG asymptotics. The distance-dependent properties, such as the short-distance behaviour of the two-point correlation function and the Fourier transformed quantities with non-zero modes, are still controlled by the GFP. With free boundaries, since the correlation length is cutoff by $L$, the finite-size scaling at the critical point is controlled by the GFP. However, some quantities are observed to exhibit the CG aysmptotics at the low-temperature pseudo-critical point, such as the sizes of the two largest clusters. With cylindrical boundaries, due to the interplay of the GFP and CG effects, the correlation length along the axial direction of the cylinder scales as $ξ_L \sim L^{(d-1)/5}$ within the critical window of size $O(L^{-2(d-1)/5})$, distinct from both periodic and free boundaries. A field-theoretical calculation for deriving the scaling of $ξ_L$ is also presented. Moreover, the one-point surface correlation function along the axial direction of the cylinder is observed to scale as $τ^{(1-d)/2}$ for short distance but then enter a plateau of order $L^{-3(d-1)/5}$ before it decays significantly fast.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2023

Geometric scaling behaviors of the Fortuin-Kasteleyn Ising model in high dimensions

Recently, we argued [Chin. Phys. Lett. $39$, 080502 (2022)] that the Ising model simultaneously exhibits two upper critical dimensions $(d_c=4, d_p=6)$ in the Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) random-cluster representation. In this paper, we perform a systematic study of the FK Ising model on hypercubic lattices with spatial dimensions $d$ from 5 to 7, and on the complete graph. We provide a detailed data analysis of the critical behaviors of a variety of quantities at and near the critical points. Our results clearly show that many quantities exhibit distinct critical phenomena for $4 < d < 6$ and $d\geq 6$, and thus strongly support the argument that $6$ is also an upper critical dimension. Moreover, for each studied dimension, we observe the existence of two configuration sectors, two lengthscales, as well as two scaling windows, and thus, two sets of critical exponents are needed to describe these behaviors. Our finding enriches the understanding of the critical phenomena in the Ising model.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2022

Geometric Upper Critical Dimensions of the Ising Model

The upper critical dimension of the Ising model is known to be $d_c=4$, above which critical behavior is regarded as trivial. We hereby argue from extensive simulations that, in the random-cluster representation, the Ising model simultaneously exhibits two upper critical dimensions at $(d_c= 4, d_p=6)$, and critical clusters for $d \geq d_p$, except the largest one, are governed by exponents from percolation universality. We predict a rich variety of geometric properties and then provide strong evidence in dimensions from 4 to 7 and on complete graphs. Our findings significantly advance the understanding of the Ising model, which is a fundamental system in many branches of physics.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2022

Unwrapped two-point functions on high-dimensional tori

We study unwrapped two-point functions for the Ising model, the self-avoiding walk and a random-length loop-erased random walk on high-dimensional lattices with periodic boundary conditions. While the standard two-point functions of these models have been observed to display an anomalous plateau behaviour, the unwrapped two-point functions are shown to display standard mean-field behaviour. Moreover, we argue that the asymptotic behaviour of these unwrapped two-point functions on the torus can be understood in terms of the standard two-point function of a random-length random walk model on Zd. A precise description is derived for the asymptotic behaviour of the latter. Finally, we consider a natural notion of the Ising walk length, and show numerically that the Ising and SAW walk lengths on high-dimensional tori show the same universal behaviour known for the SAW walk length on the complete graph.

math-ph↗

arXiv2021

Logarithmic finite-size scaling of the self-avoiding walk at four dimensions

The $n$-vector spin model, which includes the self-avoiding walk (SAW) as a special case for the $n \rightarrow 0 $ limit, has an upper critical dimensionality at four spatial dimensions (4D). We simulate the SAW on 4D hypercubic lattices with periodic boundary conditions by an irreversible Berretti-Sokal algorithm up to linear size $L=768$. From an unwrapped end-to-end distance, we obtain the critical fugacity as $z_c= 0.147 \, 622 \, 380(2)$, improving over the existing result $z_c=0.147 \, 622 \, 3(1)$ by 50 times. Such a precisely estimated critical point enables us to perform a systematic study of the finite-size scaling of 4D SAW for various quantities. Our data indicate that near $z_c$, the scaling behavior of the free energy simultaneously contains a scaling term from the Gaussian fixed point and the other accounting for multiplicative logarithmic corrections. In particular, it is clearly observed that the critical magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat logarithmically diverge as $χ\sim L^2 (\ln L)^{2 \hat{y}_h}$ and $C \sim (\ln L)^{2 \hat{y}_t}$, and the logarithmic exponents are determined as $\hat{y}_h=0.252(2)$ and $\hat{y}_t=0.25(2)$, in excellent agreement with the field theoretical prediction $\hat{y}_h=\hat{y}_t=1/4$. Our results provide a strong support for the recently conjectured finite-size scaling form for the O$(n)$ universality classes at 4D.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2021

Percolation effects in the Fortuin-Kasteleyn Ising model on the complete graph

The Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) random cluster model, which can be exactly mapped from the $q$-state Potts spin model, is a correlated bond percolation model. By extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we study the FK bond representation of the critical Ising model ($q=2$) on a finite complete graph, i.e. the mean-field Ising model. We provide strong numerical evidence that the configuration space for $q=2$ contains an asymptotically vanishing sector in which quantities exhibit the same finite-size scaling as in the critical uncorrelated bond percolation ($q=1$) on the complete graph. Moreover, we observe that in the full configuration space, the power-law behaviour of the cluster-size distribution for the FK Ising clusters except the largest one is governed by a Fisher exponent taking the value for $q=1$ instead of $q=2$. This demonstrates the percolation effects in the FK Ising model on the complete graph.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2020

Complete graph and Gaussian fixed point asymptotics in the five-dimensional Fortuin-Kasteleyn Ising model with periodic boundaries

We present an extensive Markov-chain Monte Carlo study of the finite-size scaling behavior of the Fortuin-Kasteleyn Ising model on five-dimensional hypercubic lattices with periodic boundary conditions. We observe that physical quantities, which include the contribution of the largest cluster, exhibit complete graph asymptotics. However, for quantities, where the contribution of the largest cluster is removed, we observe that the scaling behavior is mainly controlled by the Gaussian fixed point. Our results therefore suggest that \textit{both} scaling predictions, i.e. the complete graph \textit{and} the Gaussian fixed point asymptotics, are needed to provide a complete description for the five-dimensional finite-size scaling behavior on the torus.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2019

The length of self-avoiding walks on the complete graph

We study the variable-length ensemble of self-avoiding walks on the complete graph. We obtain the leading order asymptotics of the mean and variance of the walk length, as the number of vertices goes to infinity. Central limit theorems for the walk length are also established, in various regimes of fugacity. Particular attention is given to sequences of fugacities that converge to the critical point, and the effect of the rate of convergence of these fugacity sequences on the limiting walk length is studied in detail. Physically, this corresponds to studying the asymptotic walk length on a general class of pseudocritical points.

math-ph↗

arXiv2018

Random-length Random Walks and Finite-size scaling in high dimensions

We address a long-standing debate regarding the finite-size scaling of the Ising model in high dimensions, by introducing a random-length random walk model, which we then study rigorously. We prove that this model exhibits the same universal FSS behaviour previously conjectured for the self-avoiding walk and Ising model on finite boxes in high-dimensional lattices. Our results show that the mean walk length of the random walk model controls the scaling behaviour of the corresponding Green's function. We numerically demonstrate the universality of our rigorous findings by extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model and self-avoiding walk on five-dimensional hypercubic lattices with free and periodic boundaries.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2017

Geometric explanation of anomalous finite-size scaling in high dimensions

We give an intuitive geometric explanation for the apparent breakdown of standard finite-size scaling in systems with periodic boundaries above the upper critical dimension. The Ising model and self-avoiding walk are simulated on five-dimensional hypercubic lattices with free and periodic boundary conditions, by using geometric representations and recently introduced Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithms. We show that previously observed anomalous behaviour for correlation functions, measured on the standard Euclidean scale, can be removed by defining correlation functions on a scale which correctly accounts for windings.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2015

Leaf-excluded percolation in two and three dimensions

We introduce the \emph{leaf-excluded} percolation model, which corresponds to independent bond percolation conditioned on the absence of leaves (vertices of degree one). We study the leaf-excluded model on the square and simple-cubic lattices via Monte Carlo simulation, using a worm-like algorithm. By studying wrapping probabilities, we precisely estimate the critical thresholds to be $0.355\,247\,5(8)$ (square) and $0.185\,022(3)$ (simple-cubic). Our estimates for the thermal and magnetic exponents are consistent with those for percolation, implying that the phase transition of the leaf-excluded model belongs to the standard percolation universality class.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2014

Bond and Site Percolation in Three Dimensions

We simulate the bond and site percolation models on a simple-cubic lattice with linear sizes up to L=512, and estimate the percolation thresholds to be $p_c ({\rm bond})=0.248\,811\,82(10)$ and $p_c ({\rm site})=0.311\,607\,7(2)$. By performing extensive simulations at these estimated critical points, we then estimate the critical exponents $1/ν=1.141\,0(15)$, $β/ν=0.477\,05(15)$, the leading correction exponent $y_i =-1.2(2)$, and the shortest-path exponent $d_{\rm min}=1.375\,6(3)$. Various universal amplitudes are also obtained, including wrapping probabilities, ratios associated with the cluster-size distribution, and the excess cluster number. We observe that the leading finite-size corrections in certain wrapping probabilities are governed by an exponent $\approx -2$, rather than $y_i \approx -1.2$.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗