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Zsolt Tuza

Publications and source records attributed to Zsolt Tuza.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2023

Counting Connected Partitions of Graphs

Motivated by the theorem of Gy\H ori and Lovász, we consider the following problem. For a connected graph $G$ on $n$ vertices and $m$ edges determine the number $P(G,k)$ of unordered solutions of positive integers $\sum_{i=1}^k m_i = m$ such that every $m_i$ is realized by a connected subgraph $H_i$ of $G$ with $m_i$ edges such that $\cup_{i=1}^kE(H_i)=E(G)$. We also consider the vertex-partition analogue. We prove various lower bounds on $P(G,k)$ as a function of the number $n$ of vertices in $G$, as a function of the average degree $d$ of $G$, and also as the size $\mathrm{CMC}_r(G)$ of $r$-partite connected maximum cuts of $G$. Those three lower bounds are tight up to a multiplicative constant. We also prove that the number $π(G,k)$ of unordered $k$-tuples with $\sum_{i=1}^kn_i=n$, that are realizable by vertex partitions into $k$ connected parts of respective sizes $n_1,n_2,\dots,n_k$, is $Ω(d^{k-1})$.

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arXiv2023

Extremal graph theoretic questions for q-ary vectors

A $q$-graph $H$ on $n$ vertices is a set of vectors of length $n$ with all entries from $\{0,1,\dots,q\}$ and every vector (that we call a $q$-edge) having exactly two non-zero entries. The support of a $q$-edge $\mathbf{x}$ is the pair $S_{\mathbf{x}}$ of indices of non-zero entries. We say that $H$ is an $s$-copy of an ordinary graph $F$ if $|H|=|E(F)|$, $F$ is isomorphic to the graph with edge set $\{S_{\mathbf{x}}:\mathbf{x}\in H\}$, and whenever $v\in e,e'\in E(F)$, the entries with index corresponding to $v$ in the $q$-edges corresponding to $e$ and $e'$ sum up to at least $s$. E.g., the $q$-edges $(1,3,0,0,0), (0,1,0,0,3)$, and $(3,0,0,0,1)$ form a 4-triangle. The Turán number $\mathrm{ex}(n,F,q,s)$ is the maximum number of $q$-edges that a $q$-graph $H$ on $n$ vertices can have if it does not contain any $s$-copies of $F$. In the present paper, we determine the asymptotics of $\mathrm{ex}(n,F,q,q+1)$ for many graphs $F$.

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arXiv2023

The robust chromatic number of graphs

A 1-removed subgraph $G_f$ of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is obtained by $(i)$ selecting at most one edge $f(v)$ for each vertex $v\in V$, such that $v\in f(v)\in E$ (the mapping $f:V\to E \cup \{\varnothing\}$ is allowed to be non-injective), and $(ii)$ deleting all the selected edges $f(v)$ from the edge set $E$ of $G$. Proper vertex colorings of 1-removed subgraphs proved to be a useful tool for earlier research on some Turán-type problems. In this paper, we introduce a systematic investigation of the graph invariant 1-robust chromatic number, denoted as $ω_1(G)$. This invariant is defined as the minimum chromatic number $χ(G_f)$ among all 1-removed subgraphs $G_f$ of $G$. We also examine other standard graph invariants in a similar manner.

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arXiv2023

The robust chromatic number of certain graph classes

A 1-selection $f$ of a graph $G$ is a function $f: V(G)\rightarrow E(G)$ such that $f(v)$ is incident to $v$ for every vertex $v$. The 1-removed $G_f$ is the graph $(V(G),E(G)\setminus f[V(G)])$. The (1-)robust chromatic number $χ_1(G)$ is the minimum of $χ(G_f)$ over all 1-selections $f$ of $G$. We determine the robust chromatic number of complete multipartite graphs and Kneser graphs and prove tight lower and upper bounds on the robust chromatic number of chordal graphs and some of their extensively studied subclasses, with respect to their ordinary chromatic number.

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arXiv2023

Vector sum-intersection theorems

We introduce the following generalization of set intersection via characteristic vectors: for $n,q,s, t \ge 1$ a family $\mathcal{F}\subseteq \{0,1,\dots,q\}^n$ of vectors is said to be \emph{$s$-sum $t$-intersecting} if for any distinct $\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y}\in \mathcal{F}$ there exist at least $t$ coordinates, where the entries of $\mathbf{x}$ and $\mathbf{y}$ sum up to at least $s$, i.e.\ $|\{i:x_i+y_i\ge s\}|\ge t$. The original set intersection corresponds to the case $q=1,s=2$. We address analogs of several variants of classical results in this setting: the Erdős--Ko--Rado theorem and the theorem of Bollobás on intersecting set pairs.

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arXiv2022

Spectrum of $3$-uniform $6$- and $9$-cycle systems over $K_v^{(3)}-I$

We consider edge decompositions of $K_v^{(3)}-I$, the complete 3-uniform hypergraph of order $v$ minus a 1-factor (parallel class, packing of $v/3$ disjoint edges). We prove that a decomposition into tight 6-cycles exists if and only if $v\equiv 0,3,6$ (mod 12) and $v\geq 6$; and a decomposition into tight 9-cycles exists for all $v\geq 9$ divisible by 3. These results are complementary to the theorems of Akin et al. [Discrete Math. 345 (2022)] and Bunge et al. [Australas. J. Combin. 80 (2021)].

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arXiv2022

Connected Turán number of trees

As a variant of the much studied Turán number, $ex(n,F)$, the largest number of edges that an $n$-vertex $F$-free graph may contain, we introduce the connected Turán number $ex_c(n,F)$, the largest number of edges that an $n$-vertex connected $F$-free graph may contain. We focus on the case where the forbidden graph is a tree. The celebrated conjecture of Erdős and Sós states that for any tree $T$, we have $ex(n,T)\le(|T|-2)\frac{n}{2}$. We address the problem how much smaller $ex_c(n,T)$ can be, what is the smallest possible ratio of $ex_c(n,T)$ and $(|T|-2)\frac{n}{2}$ as $|T|$ grows. We also determine the exact value of $ex_c(n,T)$ for small trees, in particular for all trees with at most six vertices. We introduce general constructions of connected $T$-free graphs based on graph parameters as longest path, matching number, branching number, etc.

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arXiv2021

Strong edge coloring of Cayley graphs and some product graphs

A strong edge coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring of $G$ such that every color class is an induced matching. The minimum number of colors required is termed the strong chromatic index. In this paper, we determine the exact value of the strong chromatic index of all unitary Cayley graphs. Our investigations reveal an underlying product structure from which the unitary Cayley graphs emerge. We then go on to give tight bounds for the strong chromatic index of the Cartesian product of two trees, including an exact formula for the product in the case of stars. Further, we give bounds for the strong chromatic index of the product of a tree with a cycle. For any tree, those bounds may differ from the actual value only by not more than a small additive constant (at most 2 for even cycles and at most 5 for odd cycles), moreover they yield the exact value when the length of the cycle is divisible by $4$.

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arXiv2021

Optimal strategies in fractional games: vertex cover and domination

In a hypergraph with vertex set $V$ and edge set $E$, a real-valued function $f: V \to [0, 1]$ is a fractional transversal if $\sum_{v\in e} f(v) \ge 1$ for every edge $e \in E$. Its size is $|f| := \sum_{v \in V} f(v)$, and the fractional transversal number is the smallest possible $|f|$. We consider a game scenario where two players with opposite goals construct a fractional transversal incrementally, trying to minimize and maximize $|f|$, respectively. We prove that both players have strategies to achieve their common optimum, and they can reach their goals using rational weights.

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arXiv2021

The k-path vertex cover: general bounds and chordal graphs

For an integer $k\ge 3$, a $k$-path vertex cover of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a set $T\subseteq V$ that shares a vertex with every path subgraph of order $k$ in $G$. The minimum cardinality of a $k$-path vertex cover is denoted by $ψ_k(G)$. We give estimates -- mostly upper bounds -- on $ψ_k(G)$ in terms of various parameters, including vertex degrees and the number of vertices and edges. The problem is also considered on chordal graphs and planar graphs.

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arXiv2021

On saturation of Berge hypergraphs

A hypergraph $H=(V(H), E(H))$ is a Berge copy of a graph $F$, if $V(F)\subset V(H)$ and there is a bijection $f:E(F)\rightarrow E(H)$ such that for any $e\in E(F)$ we have $e\subset f(e)$. A hypergraph is Berge-$F$-free if it does not contain any Berge copies of $F$. We address the saturation problem concerning Berge-$F$-free hypergraphs, i.e., what is the minimum number $sat_r(n,F)$ of hyperedges in an $r$-uniform Berge-$F$-free hypergraph $H$ with the property that adding any new hyperedge to $H$ creates a Berge copy of $F$. We prove that $sat_r(n,F)$ grows linearly in $n$ if $F$ is either complete multipartite or it possesses the following property: if $d_1\le d_2\le \dots \le d_{|V(F)|}$ is the degree sequence of $F$, then $F$ contains two adjacent vertices $u,v$ with $d_F(u)=d_1$, $d_F(v)=d_2$. In particular, the Berge-saturation number of regular graphs grows linearly in $n$.

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arXiv2020

Saturation problems with regularity constraints

For a graph $F$, we say that another graph $G$ is $F$-saturated, if $G$ is $F$-free and adding any edge to $G$ would create a copy of $F$. We study for a given graph $F$ and integer $n$ whether there exists a regular $n$-vertex $F$-saturated graph, and if it does, what is the smallest number of edges of such a graph. We mainly focus on the case when $F$ is a complete graph and prove for example that there exists a $K_3$-saturated regular graph on $n$ vertices for every large enough $n$. We also study two relaxed versions of the problem: when we only require that no regular $F$-free supergraph of $G$ should exist or when we drop the $F$-free condition and only require that any newly added edge should create a new copy of $F$.

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arXiv2020

On specific factors in graphs

It is well known that if $G = (V, E)$} is a multigraph and $X\subset V$ is a subset of even order, then $G$ contains a spanning forest $H$ such that each vertex from $X$ has an odd degree in $H$ and all the other vertices have an even degree in $H$. This spanning forest may have isolated vertices. If this is not allowed in $H$, then the situation is much more complicated. In this paper, we study this problem and generalize the concepts of even-factors and odd-factors in a unified form.

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arXiv2020

Complex uniformly resolvable decompositions of $K_v$

In this paper we consider the complex uniformly resolvable decompositions of the complete graph $K_v$ into subgraphs such that each resolution class contains only blocks isomorphic to the same graph from a given set $\mathcal H$. We completely determine the spectrum for the cases $\mathcal{H} = \{K_2, P_3, K_3\}$, $\mathcal{H} = \{P_4, C_4\}$, and $\mathcal{H} = \{K_2, P_4, C_4\}$.

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arXiv2020

The domination number of the graph defined by two levels of the $n$-cube, II

Consider all $k$-element subsets and $\ell$-element subsets $(k>\ell )$ of an $n$-element set as vertices of a bipartite graph. Two vertices are adjacent if the corresponding $\ell$-element set is a subset of the corresponding $k$-element set. Let $G_{k,\ell}$ denote this graph. The domination number of $G_{k,1}$ was exactly determined by Badakhshian, Katona and Tuza. A conjecture was also stated there on the asymptotic value ($n$ tending to infinity) of the domination number of $G_{k,2}$. Here we prove the conjecture, determining the asymptotic value of the domination number $γ(G_{k,2})={k+3\over 2(k-1)(k+1)}n^2+o(n^2)$.

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arXiv2019

Some exact results for regular Turán problems

As a variant of the famous Turán problem, we study $\mathrm{rex}(n,F)$, the maximum number of edges that an $n$-vertex regular graph can have without containing a copy of $F$. We determine $\mathrm{rex}(n,K_{r+1})$ for all pairs of integers $r$ and large enough $n$. For every tree $T$, we determine $\mathrm{rex}(n,T)$ for every $n$ large enough.

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arXiv2019

Regular Turán numbers

The regular Turán number of a graph $F$, denoted by rex$(n,F)$, is the largest number of edges in a regular graph $G$ of order $n$ such that $G$ does not contain subgraphs isomorphic to $F$. Giving a partial answer to a recent problem raised by Gerbner et al. [arXiv:1909.04980] we prove that rex$(n,F)$ asymptotically equals the (classical) Turán number whenever the chromatic number of $F$ is at least four; but it is substantially different for some 3-chromatic graphs $F$ if $n$ is odd.

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