arXiv subjects

the TCV team

Publications and source records attributed to the TCV team.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2024

Modelling of power exhaust in TCV positive and negative triangularity L-mode plasmas

L-mode negative triangularity (NT) operation is a promising alternative to the positive triangularity (PT) H-mode as a high-confinement ELM-free operational regime. In this work, two TCV L-mode lower single null Ohmic discharges with opposite triangularity $δ\simeq \pm 0.3$ are investigated using SOLPS-ITER modelling. The main focus is the exploration of the reasons behind the experimentally observed feature of NT plasmas being more difficult to detach than similar PT experiments. SOLPS-ITER simulations are performed assuming the same anomalous diffusivity for particles $D_n^{AN}$ and energy $κ_{e/i}^{AN}$ in PT and NT. Nonetheless, the results clearly show dissimilar transport and accumulation of neutral particles in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of the two configurations, which consequently gives rise to different ionization sources for the plasma and produces different poloidal and cross-field fluxes. Simulations also recover the experimental feature of the outer target being hotter in the NT scenario (with $T_{e, NT} \gtrsim 5 \, \mathrm{eV}$) than in the PT counterpart.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2023

Performance assessment of a tightly baffled, long-legged divertor configuration in TCV with SOLPS-ITER

Numerical simulations explore the possibility to test the tightly baffled, long-legged divertor (TBLLD) concept in a future upgrade of the Tokamak à configuration variable (TCV). The SOLPS-ITER code package is used to compare the exhaust performance of several TBLLD configurations with existing unbaffled and baffled TCV configurations. The TBLLDs feature a range of radial gaps between the separatrix and the outer leg side walls. All considered TBLLDs are predicted to lead to a denser and colder plasma in front of the targets and improve the power handling by factors of 2-3 compared to the present, baffled divertor and by up to a factor of 12 compared to the original, unbaffled configuration. The improved TBLLD performance is mainly due to a better neutral confinement with improved plasma-neutral interactions in the divertor region. Both power handling capability and neutral confinement increases when reducing the radial gap. The core compatibility of TBLLDs with nitrogen seeding is also evaluated and the detachment window with acceptable core pollution for the proposed TBLLDs is explored, showing a reduction of required upstream impurity concentration up to 18% to achieve the detachment with thinner radial gap.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2021

A novel hydrogenic spectroscopic technique for inferring the role of plasma-molecule interaction on power and particle balance during detached conditions

Detachment, an important mechanism for reducing target heat deposition, is achieved through reductions in power, particle and momentum; which are induced through plasma-atom and plasma-molecule interactions. Experimental research in how those reactions precisely contribute to detachment is limited. In this work, we investigate a new spectroscopic technique to utilise Hydrogen Balmer line measurements to 1) disentangle the Balmer line emission from the various plasma-atom and plasma-molecule interactions; and 2) quantify their contributions to ionisation, recombination and radiative power losses. During detachment, the observed $Hα$ emission often strongly increases, which could be an indicator for plasma-molecule interactions involving $H_2^+$ and/or $H^-$. Our analysis technique quantifies the $Hα$ emission due to plasma-molecule interactions and uses this to 1) quantify the Balmer line emission contribution due to $H_2^+$ and/or $H^-$; 2) subsequently estimate its resulting particle sinks/sources and radiative power losses. Its performance is verified using synthetic diagnostic techniques of both detached TCV and MAST-U SOLPS-ITER simulations. Experimental results of this technique on TCV data show a bifurcation occurs between the measured total $Hα$ and the atomic estimate of $Hα$ emission, indicative of the presence of additional $Hα$ due to plasma-molecule interactions with $H_2^+$ (and/or $H^-$). An example analysis shows that the hydrogenic line series, even $Lyα$ as well as the medium-n Balmer lines can be significantly influenced by plasma-molecule interactions by tens of percent during which significant Molecular Activated Recombination (MAR) is expected.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2021

Tomographic reconstruction of the runaway distribution function in TCV using multispectral synchrotron images

Synchrotron radiation observed in a quiescent TCV runaway discharge is studied using filtered camera images targeting three distinct wavelength intervals. Through the tomographic SART procedure the high momentum, high pitch angle part of the spatial and momentum distribution of these relativistic particles is reconstructed. Experimental estimates of the distribution are important for verification and refinement of formation-, decay- and transport-models underlying runaway avoidance and mitigation strategy design. Using a test distribution it is demonstrated that the inversion procedure provides estimates accurate to within a few tens of percent in the region of phase-space contributing most to the synchrotron image. We find that combining images filtered around different parts of the emission spectrum widens the probed part of momentum-space and reduces reconstruction errors. Next, the SART algorithm is used to obtain information on the spatiotemporal runaway momentum distribution in a selected TCV discharge. The momentum distribution is found to relax towards an avalanche-like exponentially decaying profile. Anomalously high pitch angles and a radial profile increasing towards the edge are found for the most strongly emitting particles in the distribution. Pitch angle scattering by toroidal magnetic field ripple is consistent with this picture. An alternative explanation is the presence of high frequency instabilities in combination with the formation of a runaway shell at the edge of the plasma.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2020

Integrated real-time supervisory management for off-normal-event handling and feedback control of tokamak plasmas

For long-pulse tokamaks, one of the main challenges in control strategy is to simultaneously reach multiple control objectives and to robustly handle in real-time (RT) unexpected events (off-normal-events -- ONEs) with a limited set of actuators. We have developed in our previous work a generic architecture of the plasma control system (PCS) including a supervisor and an actuator manager to deal with these issues. We present in this paper recent developments of real-time decision-making by the supervisor to switch between different control scenarios (normal, backup, shutdown, disruption mitigation, etc.) during the discharge, based on off-normal-event states. We first standardize the evaluation of ONEs and thereby simplify significantly the supervisor decision logic, as well as facilitate the modifications and extensions of ONE states in the future. The whole PCS has been implemented on the TCV tokamak, applied to disruption avoidance with density limit experiments, demonstrating the excellent capabilities of the new RT integrated strategy.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2017

Impurity seeding for suppression of the near Scrape-Off Layer heat flux feature in tokamak limited plasmas

In inboard-limited plasmas, foreseen to be used in future fusion reactors start-up and ramp down phases, the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) exhibits two regions: the "near" and "far" SOL. The steep radial gradient of the parallel heat flux associated with the near SOL can result in excessive thermal loads onto the solid surfaces, damaging them and/or limiting the operational space of a fusion reactor. In this article, leveraging the results presented in [F. Nespoli et al., Nuclear Fusion 2017], we propose a technique for the mitigation and suppression of the near SOL heat flux feature by impurity seeding. First successful experimental results from the TCV tokamak are presented and discussed.

physics.plasm-ph↗