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Statistical relativistic temperature transformation for ideal gas of bradyons, luxons and tachyons

Starting from a microcanonical statistical approach and special relativity, the relativistic transformations for temperature and pressure for an ideal gas of bradyons, luxons or tachyons is found. These transformations are in agreement with the three laws of thermodynamic and our temperature transformation is the same as Ott's. Besides, it is shown that the thermodynamic $dS$ element is Lorentz-invariant.

physics.gen-ph↗

Scientific and Philosophical Challenges to Theism

Modern science developed within a culture of Judeo-Christian theism, and science and theism have generally supported each other. However, there are certainly areas in both science and religion that puzzle me. Here I outline some puzzles that have arisen for me concerning everlasting life, human free will, divine free will, the simplicity and probability of God, the problem of evil, and the converse problem of elegance.

physics.gen-ph↗

Some conjectures about the mechanism of poltergeist phenomenon

Poltergeist accounts concern at least four kinds of strange spontaneous manifestations, such as burning of materials, failures of electric equipments, rapping noises and movements of objects. A simple analysis of phenomenology of these disturbances shows that they might have a common origin, that is, a reduction in strength of molecular bonds due to an enhancement in polarization of vacuum which decreases the actual electron charge. Arguments based on Prigogine' nonequilibrium thermodynamics are proposed, which show how transformations in brain of some pubescent childs or young womans might be the cause of these effects.

physics.gen-ph↗

Dirac Representation of Dynamically-Generated Elementary-Particle Mass

Special-relativistic dynamically-generated elementary-particle mass is represented by a self-adjoint energy operator acting on a rigged Hilbert space (RHS) of functions over the 6-dimensional Euclidean-group manifold. The energy operator is not the generator of infinitesimal wave-function evolution in classical time. Ray evolution is generated by action-carrying Feynman paths. Extending quantum-theoretic formalism which Dirac invented and applied non-relativistically, unitary Poincaré -group representation is provided by the wave functions of a spacelike entity that we call 'preon'. Although the term 'preon observable' is misleading, six continuous Feynman-path-contacting preon coordinates specify spatial location (3 coordinates), lightlike-velocity-direction (2 coordinates) and transverse polarization (1 coordinate). Velocity and spatial location combine to define a preon time operator conjugate to the energy operator. In RHS bases alternative to functions over the group manifold, the wave function depends on a preon 'velocity-helicity' integer or half-odd integer) and a positive-lightlike velocity 4-vector that is Lorentz-orthogonal to a canonically-conjugate pair of spacelike 4-vectors. One 4-vector prescribes location in preon spacetime while its conjugate prescribes preon energy-momentum. Emulating the Schrödinger-dubbed 'zitterbewegung' of Dirac's 'relativistic' electron, mass for any spinning (positive-timelike) elementary particle accompanies a reflection-symmetric fluctuation of preon lightlike velocity and velocity-helicity. But (departing from Dirac), a tiny elementary-particle 'longitudinal' spatial extension accompanies a huge fluctuation of preon longitudinal momentum dictated by motionless-particle reflection symmetry about the plane perpendicular to spin direction.

physics.gen-ph↗

The Distance of GRB is Independent from the Redshift

Although it is acknowledged that GRB redshift is cosmological at present, but it in fact has never been confirmed. However, the fact is still unclear because which may be cosmological redshift (including possibly the host galaxy redshift or the background galaxy redshift) or the redshift results from gravity of neutron star; in other words, GRB redshift may be related to its distance or not. Here, I enumerate a series of evidences, including three methods, to determine whether the GRB distance does depend on the redshift. Firstly, the correlation analysis shows that there is no correlation between the fluence of 131 GRBs (and the 1 s peak photon flux of 111 GRBs) and the redshift although there is a significant correlation between the apparent magnitude of 32 hosts and the redshift. Secondly, from the number-redshift relation of GRBs and the deductive reasoning, one can deduce an absurd conclusion that the probability of a nearby galaxy generating a GRB event would vary inversely as its distance square if GRB indeed comes from an external galaxy and the distance depends on the redshift. Thirdly, if the distance is related to the redshift, then the variables of fluence and peak flux definitely cannot be separated from the variable of redshift in distribution functions of both the fluence-redshift and the peak flux-redshift; while the variables separation tests show that they in effect do, and we then can exactly forecast the values of the fluence and the peak flux for the GRBs with redshift z > 4.5. Other evidences all show that GRB distance is independent from the redshift without exception.

physics.gen-ph↗

Scale invariability

I recently demonstrated that the Earth is a mechanical oscillator in which springtide induced magnification of all-masses resonance forces tectonics. I here generalize this georesonator concept so to make it apply to any body, anywhere in all the universes, and at all times. It turns out that there is no distinction between physics at intergalactic, mechanist, quantum, and smaller scales. Instead of being a constant (of proportionality of physics at all scales), G is a parameter of most general form: G = s e^2, nonlinearly varying amongst different scales s. The so called scale variability of physics but not of G, imagined as such by Planck and Einstein, is due to springtide-induced extreme resonance of Earth masses critically impeding terrestrial experiments for estimating G, while providing artificial settings for quantum experiments to all trivially "work". Thus the derived equation is that of levitation. Reality is a system of near infinitely many magnifying oscillators, where permanent energy decay of all oscillation forbids constancy of known "physical constants". This hyperresonator concept explains the magnetism (as every forced oscillator feature), as well as the gravitation (as forward propagation of mechanical vibrations along the aether i.e. throughout the vacuum structure). To test my claim I propose a Space mission to collect on site measurements of eigenperiods of the Sun, its planets, and their satellites. The levitation equitation enables propulsionless Space travel via gravity sailing: Space vehicle hull ought to be engineered so as to automatically adjust its grave mode, to the vehicle instant gravitational surroundings, akin to trout up swimming.

physics.gen-ph↗

A Dynamical Model for Information Retrieval and Emergence of Scale-Free Clusters in a Long Term Memory Network

The classical forms of knowledge representation fail when a strong dynamical interconnection between system and environment comes into play. We propose here a model of information retrieval derived from the Kintsch-Ericsson scheme, based upon a long term memory (LTM) associative net whose structure changes in time according to the textual content of the analyzed documents. Both the theoretical analysis carried out by using simple statistical tools and the tests show the appearing of typical power-laws and the net configuration as a scale-free graph. The information retrieval from LTM shows that the entire system can be considered to be an information amplifier which leads to the emergence of new cognitive structures. It has to be underlined that the expanding of the semantic domain regards the user-network as a whole system.

physics.gen-ph↗

Light emission of very low density hydrogen excited by an extremely hot light source; applications in astrophysics

Stromgren studied the action of an extremely hot source on a diluted pure hydrogen cloud; a very ionized, spherical hydrogen plasma surrounded by neutral atomic hydrogen is formed. A relatively thin intermediate, partially ionized, hydrogen shell, is cooled by the radiation of the atoms. Stromgren was unaware of that this plasma, similar to the plasma of a gas laser, can be superradiant at several eigen frequencies of atomic hydrogen; the superradiant rays emitted tangentially with the sphere appear resulting from a discontinuous ring because of the competition of optical modes. The superradiance intensely depopulates the excited levels, including the continuum of proton-electron collisions, by cascades of transitions combined into resonant multiphotonic transitions so that the gas is cooled brutally beyond the radius of the Stromgren sphere. The extreme brightness of the rays emitted by the source allows a multiphotonic non-resonant absorption leading in stationary states or the ionization continuum. This absorption combines with the superradiant emissions in a multiphotonic diffusion induced by the superradiant rays. Although its brightness remains higher than that of the superradiant rays, the source becomes invisible if it is observed through a small solid angle. The lines emitted inside the sphere are all the more weak as they arrive of an internal area, lower in atoms, and more reddened also by a parametric transfer of energy towards the thermal radiation catalyzed by excited atomic hydrogen present in the sphere only. The Stromgren sphere appears to help to simply explain the appearance and the spectrum of supernova 1987A.

physics.gen-ph↗

Bigravity : A bimetric model of the Universe. Positive and negative gravitational lensings

After a short summary of our bimetric model of the Universe, an exact nonlinear solution is built, which demonstrates the existence of solutions for our two coupled field equations system. In addition to the classical positive gravitational lensing, this solution is shown to also lead to negative gravitational lensing, a phenomenon previously described in 1995 (Astrophysics and Space Science). Such negative lensing provides an alternative interpretation for the observed faint magnitudes of high redshift galaxies, so far considered as dwarf galaxies.

physics.gen-ph↗

Nonlocal description of a falling body through the air

In this present work we consider a falling body through the air under the influence of gravity. In particular, we consider the experimental data based upon the free fall of six men in the atmosphere of the earth. In order to describe this process we employ a nonlocal dissipative force. We show that our description, by using an exponential memory kernel, can fit the experimental data as well as that of a local dissipative force.

physics.gen-ph↗

Geometrical dynamics: spin as a result of rotation with superluminal speed

Dynamics is considered as a corollary of the space-time geometry. Evolution of a particle in the space-time is described as a chain of connected equivalent geometrical objects. Space-time geometry is determined uniquely by the world function $σ$. Proper modification of the Minkowskian world function for large space-time interval leads to wobbling of the chain, consisted of timelike straight segments. Statistical description of the stochastic world chain coincides with the quantum description by means of the Schrödinger equation. Proper modification of the Minkowskian world function for small space-time interval may lead to appearance of a world chain, having a shape of a helix with timelike axis. Links of the chain are spacelike straight segments. Such a world chain describes a spatial evolution of a particle. In other words, the helical world chain describes the particle rotation with superluminal velocity. The helical world chain associated with the classical Dirac particle, whose world line is a helix. Length of world chain link cannot be arbitrary. It is determined by the space-time geometry and, in particular, by the elementary length. There exists some discrimination mechanism, which can discriminate some world chains.

physics.gen-ph↗

Relativeca Dopplera efiko inter du akcelataj korpoj - I

We describe the Doppler effect between equally accelerated light source and observer under the special relativity. The proper accelerations are constant and parallel. An English version is available by request. - - - - - - - - - - - Ni priskribas luman Doppleran efikon inter same akcelataj fonto kaj observanto ^ce special-relativeco. La propraj akceloj estas konstantaj kaj paralelaj.

physics.gen-ph↗

Hamiltonian structure of the complex Monge-Ampère equation

We discover Hamiltonian structure of the complex Monge-Amp`ere equation when written in a first order two-component form. We present Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions, a symplectic form and the Hamiltonian operator that determines the Poisson bracket.

physics.class-ph↗

A holographic charged preon model

The Standard Model (SM) is a successful approach to particle physics calculations. However, there are indications that the SM is only a good approximation to an underlying non-local reality involving fundamental entities (preons) that are not point particles. Furthermore, our universe seems to be dominated by a vacuum energy/cosmological constant. The holographic principle then indicates only a finite number of bits of information will ever be available to describe the observable universe, and that requires a holographic preon model linking the (0,1) holographic bits to SM particles. All SM particles have charges 0, 1/3, 2/3 or 1 in units of the electron charge, so the bits in a holographic preon model must be identified with fractional electric charge. Such holographic charged preon models require baryon asymmetry and also suggest a mechanism for stationary action. This paper outlines a holographic charged preon model where preons are strands with finite energy density specified by bits of information identifying the charge on each end. In the model, SM particles consist of three strands with spin states corresponding to wrapped states of the strands. SM particles in this wrapped preon model can be approximated by preon bound states in non-local dynamics based on three-preon Bethe-Salpeter equations with instantaneous three-preon interactions. The model can be falsified by data from the Large Hadron Collider because it generates baryon asymmetry without axions, and does not allow more than three generations of SM fermions.

physics.gen-ph↗

Generalized Gravity I : Kinematical Setting and reformalizing Quantum Field Theory

The first part of this work deals with the development of a natural differential calculus on non-commutative manifolds. The second part extends the covariance and equivalence principle as well studies its kinematical consequences such as the arising of gauge theory. Furthermore, a manifestly causal and covariant formulation of quantum field theory is presented which surpasses the usual Hamiltonian and path integral construction. A particular representation of this theory on the kinematical structure developed in section three is moreover given.

physics.gen-ph↗