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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
arXiv2008

The Twin Paradox Revisited and Reformulated -- On the Possibility of Detecting Absolute Motion

The famous twin paradox of the Special Theory of Relativity by Einstein (1905) is revisited and revised. This paradox is not a paradox in the true sense of a paradox but a reflection of a misunderstanding of the problem and the Principle of Relativity. The currently accepted solution to this takes into account the accelerations and deceleration of the traveling twin thus introducing an asymmetry that solves the paradox. We argue here that, with the acceleration and deceleration neglected, the problem is asymmetric hence leading to the same conclusion that the traveling twin will age less than the stay at home. We introduce a symmetric twin paradox whose solution can not be found within the currently accepted provinces of the STR if one adopts the currently accepted philosophy of the STR namely that it is impossible for an inertial observer to determine their state of motion. To resolve this, we present (in our modest view) a simple and convincing argument that leads us to conclude that it must be possible for an inertial observer to determine their own state of motion. With this, we are able to solve the symmetric twin paradox. The fact that it is possible for an inertial observer to determine their state of motion -- brings us back to the long rejected idea of an all pervading and permeating medium -- the Aether, namely the Lorentz luminiferous Aether. An experiment capable of validating or invalidating this claim is suggested.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Unitary gauge considered harmful

I informally review the Higgs mechanism, focusing on fundamental aspects which should be common knowledge but apparently are not, explain why your understanding of gauge symmetry breaking is a decreasing function of your reliance on the unitary gauge, and discuss some implications for cosmology (domains, dark energy, CMB cold spot).

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

The fundamental scales of structures from first principles

Five fundamental scales of mass follow from holographic limitations, a self-similar law for angular momentum and the basic scaling laws for a fractal universe with dimension 2. The five scales correspond to the observable universe, clusters, galaxies, stars and the nucleon. The fundamental scales form naturally a self-similar hierarchy, generating new relationships among the parameters of the nucleon,the cosmological constant and the Planck scale. There is implied a sixth fundamental scale thatcorresponds to the electrostatic force within an atom. Identifying the implied scale as such leads to new relationships among the fundamental charge, the mass of the electron and cosmological parameters. Theseconsiderations also suggest that structures on the scale of galaxies and larger must be bound by non-Newtonian forces.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Atomic Structures of all the Twenty Essential Amino Acids and a Tripeptide, with Bond Lengths as Sums of Atomic Covalent Radii

Recently, the bond lengths of the molecular components of nucleic acids and of caffeine and related molecules were shown to be sums of the appropriate covalent radii of the adjacent atoms. Thus, each atom was shown to have its specific contribution to the bond length. This enabled establishing their atomic structures for the first time. In this work, the known bond lengths for amino acids and the peptide bond are similarly shown to be sums of the atomic covalent radii. Based on this result, the atomic structures of all the twenty essential amino acids and a tripeptide have been presented.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Dark Energy, Background Independent Quantum Mechanics and the Origin of Cosmological Constant

We explore the extended framework of the generalized quantum mechanics and discuss various aspects of neighborhood in the construction of space in search of origin of cosmological constant. We propose to expand definition of the volume of the phase space in eight dimensions with an overall constraint in the form of uncertainty relation as: $(Δp_{x}Δp_{y}Δp_{z}ΔE)(ΔxΔyΔzΔt)\sim h^{4}$. We argue that the phase space volume in the eight dimensions is an appropriate representation that it should be, and the relation $(ΔΛ)(ΔV)\sim h$ again brings it down to the reduced phase space.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Logic and String Theory

The unification of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity remains the primary goal of Theoretical Physics, with string theory appearing as the only plausible unifying scheme. In the present work, in a search of the conceptual foundations of string theory, we analyze the relational logic developed by C. S. Peirce in the late nineteenth century. The Peircean logic has the mathematical structure of a category with the relation $R_{ij}$ among two individual terms $S_i$ and $S_j$, serving as an arrow (or morphism). We introduce a realization of the corresponding categorical algebra of compositions, which naturally gives rise to the fundamental quantum laws, thus underscoring the relational character of Quantum Mechanic. The same relational algebra generates a number of group structures, among them $W_{\infty}$. The group $W_{\infty}$ is embodied and realized by the matrix models, themselves closely linked with string theory. It is suggested that relational logic and in general category theory may provide a new paradigm, within which to develop modern physical theories.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

A Model of Electrons, Photons and the Ether

This is an attempt to construct a classical microscopic model of the electron which underlies quantum mechanics. An electron is modeled, not as a point particle, but as the end of an electromagnetic string, a line of flux. These lines stretch across cosmic distances, but are almost unobservable because they condense into pairs--which form the ether. Photons are modeled to propagate on these line pairs, which act effectively as wave guides. These line pairs are also responsible for the force of gravity--which is electromagnetic in character.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Modeling a quantum Hall system via elliptic equations

Quantum Hall systems are a suitable theme for a case study in the general area of nanotechnology. In particular, it is a good framework in which to search for universal principles relevant to nanosystem modeling, and nanosystem-specific signal processing. Recently, we have been able to construct a PDE model of a quantum Hall system, which consists of the Schrödinger equation supplemented with a special type nonlinear feedback loop. This result stems from a novel theoretical approach, which in particular brings to the fore the notion of quantum information. In this article we undertake to modify the original model by substituting the dynamics based on the Dirac operator. This leads to a model that consists of a system of three nonlinearly coupled first order elliptic equations in the plane.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Bifurcating Transport of Glassy Matter Within Annular Micropores

Glassy matter, as subjected to high shear rates, exhibit shear thinning : i.e., the viscosity diminishes with increasing shear rate. Meanwhile one prominent difference between the transport in micropores and that in macroscale is the (relatively) larger roughness observed inside micropores. As the pore size decreases, the surface-to-volume ratio increases and therefore, surface roughness will greatly affect the transport in micropores. By treating the glass as a shear-thinning matter and using the rate-dependent model together with the boundary perturbation method, we can analytically obtain the transport results up to the second order.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

An open question: Are topological arguments helpful in setting initial conditions for transport problems and quantization criteria/ quantum computing for Density Wave physics?

We present derived I-E curves that match Zenier curves used to fit data experimentally with wavefunctionals congruent with the false vacuum hypothesis. The open question is whether the coefficients picked in both the wavefunctionals and the magnitude of the coefficients of the driven sine Gordon physical system should be picked by topological charge arguments that in principle appear to assign values that have a tie in with the false vacuum hypothesis first presented by Sidney Coleman. Our supposition is that indeed this is useful and that the topological arguments give evidence as to a first order phase transition which gives credence to the observed and calculated I-E curve as evidence of a quantum switching phenomena in density wave physics, one which we think with further development would have applications to quantum computing, via quantum coherent phase evolution, as outlined in this paper . This analysis is enhanced by a new phi to the fourth power field theory treatment of how to model field theory in real time evolution as given to the Author by Dr. Fred Cooper as part of a meeting in KITP, UCSB in early 2008

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Accuracy of the quantum adiabatic theorem in its original form

An explicit proof is developed to reinforce the accuracy of the quantum adiabatic theorem in its original form without any inconsistency and/or violation. Based on this proof, we discuss physical implications that give rise to the violation of the quantum adiabatic approximation. We show that such a violation can be obtained if and only if one violates the adiabatic criterion itself or due to the existence of degeneracy at a later time. Subsequently, comparison of our proof with respect to other recently developed proofs and counter-examples are analyzed and discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

The restrictions of classical mechanics in the description of dynamics of nonequilibrium systems and the way to get rid of them

The reasons which restrict opportunities of classical mechanics at the description of nonequilibrium systems are discussed. The way of overcoming of the key restrictions is offered. This way is based on an opportunity of representation of nonequilibrium system as a set of equilibrium subsystems. The equation of motion and the general Lagrange, Hamilton and Liouville equations for subsystems have been obtained. The way of a substantiation of thermodynamics is offered.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Five Dimensional bigravity. New topological description of the Universe

We extend the bimetric description of the Universe to a five-dimensional framework. Starting from Souriau's work (1964) we use two Robertson-Walker metrics with an extra term corresponding to the additional Kaluza fifth dimension. This first order model is limited to zero electric charge and electromagnetic energy densities. Assuming the massive particles, with positive or negative mass and energies owing finite lifetimes, it restores the O(3) symmetry and makes the generalized gauge process to restart. As a consequence the speed of light tends to zero. We assume the Universe to be closed over all its dimensions. Then, following an idea introduced in 1994 we describe the Universe as the two folds cover of a projective space. The arrow of time, mass and energy inversions arise as consequences of this geometrical hypothesis and fits the bimetric model. We choose to eliminate the "initial singularity", replaced by a boundary space, which is found to be euclidean.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2014

Periodic relativity: deflection of light, acceleration, rotation curves

Vectorial analysis relating to derivation of deflection of light is presented. Curvilinear acceleration is distinguished from the Newtonian polar conic acceleration. The difference between the two is due to the curvature term. Lorentz invariant expression for acceleration is derived. A physical theory of rotation curves of galaxies based on second solution to Einstein's field equation is presented. Theory is applied to Milky Way, M31, NGC3198 and Solar system. Modified Kepler's third law yields correct orbital periods of stars in a galaxy. Deviation factor in the line element of the theory happens to be the ratio of the Newtonian gravitational acceleration to the measured acceleration of the star in the galaxy. Therefore this deviation factor can replace the MOND function.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Generalized Principle of Limiting 4-Dimensional Symmetry. Solution of the "Two-Spaceship Paradox"

A "Two-Spaceship Paradox" in special relativity is resolved and discussed. We demonstrate a nonstandard resolution to the "two-spaceship paradox" by explicit calculation using Generalized Principle of limiting 4-dimensional symmetry proposed in previous paper [1].The physical and geometrical meaning of the nonholonomic transformations used in special relativity is determined.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Stationary Spiral Structure and Collective Motion of the Stars in a Spiral Galaxy

Most fully developed galaxies have a vivid spiral structure, but the formation and evolution of the spiral structure are still an enigma in astrophysics. In this paper, according to the standard Newtonian gravitational theory and some observational facts, we derive an idealized model for spiral galaxy, and give a natural explanation to the spiral structure. We solve some analytic solutions to a spiral galaxy, and obtain manifest relations between density and speed. From the solution we get some interesting results: (I) The spiral pattern is a stationary or static structure of density wave, and the barred galaxy globally rotate around an axis at tiny angular speed. (II) All stars in the disc of a barred spiral galaxy move in almost circular orbits. (III) In the spiral arms, the speed of stars takes minimum and the stellar density takes maximum. (IV) The mass-energy density of the dark halo is compensatory for that of the disc, namely, it takes minimum in the spiral arms. This phenomenon might reflect the complicated stream lines of the dark halo.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Invariants in electromagnetic and gravitational adjoint fields

The paper discusses the impact of adjoint fields on the conservation laws in the gravitational field and electromagnetic field, by means of the characteristics of octonions. When the adjoint field can not be neglected, it will cause the predictions to departure slightly from the conservation laws, which include mass continuity equation, charge continuity equation, and conservation of spin. The adjoint field of electromagnetic field has an effect on conservation of mass, and that of gravitational field on conservation of charge. The inferences explain how the adjoint field influences some conservation laws in the gravitational field and electromagnetic field.

physics.gen-ph↗