Issues and R&D Required for the Intensity Frontier Accelerators
We discuss main issues and R&D Required for the Intensity Frontier Accelerators and therefore provide input for the 2013 APS/DPF Community Summer Study (Snowmass-2013).
physics.acc-ph↗
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Track segments in hadronic showers in a highly granular scintillator-steel hadron calorimeter
We investigate the three dimensional substructure of hadronic showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel hadronic calorimeter. The high granularity of the detector is used to find track segments of minimum ionising particles within hadronic showers, providing sensitivity to the spatial structure and the details of secondary particle production in hadronic cascades. The multiplicity, length and angular distribution of identified track segments are compared to GEANT4 simulations with several different shower models. Track segments also provide the possibility for in-situ calibration of highly granular calorimeters.
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Prototype of time digitizing system for BESIII endcap TOF upgrade
The prototype of time digitizing system for the upgrade of BESIII endcap TOF (ETOF) is introduced in this paper. The ETOF readout electronics has a formation of distributed architecture that hit signal from multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) is signaled as LVDS by front-end electronics (FEE) and sent to the back-end time digitizing system via long shield differential twisted pair cables. The ETOF digitizing system consists of 2 VME crates each of which contains modules of time digitizing, clock, trigger and fast control etc. The time digitizing module (TDIG) of this prototype can support up to 72 electrical channels of hit information measurement. The fast control (FCTL) module can operate at barrel or endcap mode. The barrel FCTL fans fast control signals from the trigger system out to endcap FCTLs, merges data from endcaps and transfers to the trigger system. Without modifying the barrel TOF structure, this time digitizing architecture benefits for improving ETOF performance without degrading barrel TOF measuring. Lab experiments show that the time resolution of this digitizing system can be less than 20ps, and the data throughput to DAQ can be about 92Mbps. Beam experiments show that the complete time resolution can be less than 45ps.
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A charged particle Talbot-Lau interferometer and magnetic field sensing
We present the first demonstration of a three grating Talbot-Lau interferometer for electrons. As a proof of principle, the interferometer is used to measure magnetic fields. The device is similar to the classical Moire deflectometer. The possibility to extend this work to build a scaled-up charged particle deflectometer or interferometer for sensitive magnetic field sensing is indicated.
quant-ph↗
Underground Commissioning of LUX
LUX is a dual-phase xenon TPC designed for the direct detection of dark matter. Using 370 kg of xenon, LUX is capable of setting a WIMP-nucleon cross section limit at 2 x 10^-46 cm^2 after 300 days of running. LUX will surpass all existing dark matter limits for WIMP masses above 10 GeV within weeks of beginning its science run. Following a successful six month surface run, the detector has recently been deployed underground, and we expect completed commission in the near future. Updates on status and results are provided.
astro-ph.IM↗
Scintillation Efficiency for Low-Energy Nuclear Recoils in Liquid-Xenon Dark Matter Detectors
We perform a theoretical study of the scintillation efficiency in the low-energy region crucial for liquid-xenon dark-matter detectors. We develop a computer program to simulate the cascading process of the recoiling xenon nucleus in liquid xenon and calculate the nuclear quenching effect due to atomic collisions. We use the electronic stopping power extrapolated from the experimental data to the low-energy region, and take into account the effects of electrons escaping from the electron-ion pair recombination using the generalized Thomas-Imel model fitted to scintillation data. Our result agrees well with the experiments from neutron scattering and vanishes rapidly as the recoiling energy drops below 3 keV.
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Study of spatial resolution in a single GEM simulated by Monte-Carlo method
Spatial resolution is a significant factor in the GEM performance in view of X-rays radiography and UV, visible light imaging. Monte-Carlo method is used to investigate the spatial resolution determined by the transverse diffusion in the device. The simulation results indicate that the electrical parameters, such as the GEM voltages and the electric field at the drift and induction regions, only have minor effects on the spatial resolution. The geometrical parameters and the working gases chosen, on the other hand, are the main parameters that determine the spatial resolution. The spatial resolution is determined more on the drift and diffusion processes than on the avalanche process. Especially for the different working gases, the square root function of the ratio of the electron diffusion coefficient and the mobility has a significant effect on the spatial resolution.
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A new method for imaging nuclear threats using cosmic ray muons
Muon tomography is a technique that uses cosmic ray muons to generate three dimensional images of volumes using information contained in the Coulomb scattering of the muons. Advantages of this technique are the ability of cosmic rays to penetrate significant overburden and the absence of any additional dose delivered to subjects under study above the natural cosmic ray flux. Disadvantages include the relatively long exposure times and poor position resolution and complex algorithms needed for reconstruction. Here we demonstrate a new method for obtaining improved position resolution and statistical precision for objects with spherical symmetry.
physics.ins-det↗
Development and Study of Different Muon Track Reconstruction Algorithms for the Level-1 Trigger for the CMS Muon Upgrade with GEM Detectors
In the upcoming years, with the upgrade of the LHC to higher luminosities, CMS will be subject to an increasing flux of particles, especially in its most forward region, at | η| > 1.6. To consolidate the muon spectrometer of CMS and increase redundancy, the CMS GEM collaboration proposes to instrument the 1.6 < | η| < 2.1 region, originally foreseen to be equipped with RPC, with Triple-GEM detectors. This technology has proven to remain efficient under high fluxes and meets the requirements of CMS. This work, using simulations, studies three track reconstruction algorithms intended to be installed in the first selection stage of CMS for Triple-GEM detectors: a Least Squares fit, a standard Kalman filter, and a modified Kalman filter. A comparative analysis is performed between the results obtained with Triple-GEM detectors and those yielded by the actual system in order to quantity the improvements made to the CMS muon spectrometer and to the CMS trigger system.
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Reactivity monitoring using the area method for the subcritic al VENUS-F core within the framework of the FREYA Project
Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS) could be employed to incinerate minor actinides and so partly contribute to answer the problem of nuclear waste management. An ADS consists of the coupling of a subcritical fast reactor to a particle accelerator via a heavy material spallation target. The on-line reactivity monitoring of such an ADS is a serious issue regarding its safety. In order to study the methodology of this monitoring, zero-power experimentswere undertaken at the GUINEVERE facility within the framework of the FP6-IP-EUROTRANS programme. Such experiments have been under completion within the FREYA FP7 project. The GUINEVERE facility is hosted at the SCK-CEN site in Mol (Belgium). It couples the VENUS-F subcritical fast core with the GENEPI-3C accelerator. The latter delivers a beam of deuterons, which are converted into 14-MeV neutrons via fusion reactions on a tritiated target. This paper presents one of the investigated methods for ADS on-line reactivity monitoring which has to be validated in the program of the FREYA project. It describes the results obtained when Pulsed Neutron Source experiments are analysed using the so called Area Method, in order to estimate the reactivity of a few sub-critical configurations of the VENUS-F reactor, around keff= 0.96. First the GUINEVERE facility is described. Then, following general considerations on the Area method, the results of its application to the neutron population time decrease spectra measured after a pulse by several fission chambers spread out over the whole reactor are discussed. Finally the reactivity values extracted are compared to the static reactivity values obtained using the Modified Source Multiplication (MSM) method.
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New experimental setup for in situ measurement of slow ion induced sputtering
A new experimental equipment allowing to study the sputtering induced by ion beam irradiation is presented. The sputtered particles are collected on a catcher which is analyzed in situ by Auger electron spectroscopy without breaking the ultra high vacuum (less than 10-9mbar), avoiding thus any problem linked to possible contamination. This method allows to measure the angular distribution of sputtering yield. Thanks to this new setup it is now possible to study the sputtering of many elements especially light elements such as carbon based materials. Preliminary results are presented in the case of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and tungsten irradiated by an Ar+ beam at respectively 2.8 keV and 7 keV.
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Spectroscopic characterization of magnetoplasmonic nanodisk array: size, shape and lattice constant
Magneto optical activity implemented in plasmonic nanostructures provides a new functionality in active plasmonics. To what an extent, one can benefit from this new degree of freedom is still under open discussion. In this work, with the development of a wavelength parallel characterization tool for measuring the optic and MO properties of nanostructures, we present systematic studies of the magneto-optical activity of Au/[Co/Pt]n/Au nanodisk array with various of disk size, shape and grating constant.
physics.optics↗
Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors for Charged-Particle Tracking and Muon Detection
In the context of the 2013 APS-DPF Snowmass summer study conducted by the U.S. HEP community, this white paper outlines a roadmap for further development of Micro-pattern Gas Detectors for tracking and muon detection in HEP experiments. We briefly discuss technical requirements and summarize current capabilities of these detectors with a focus of operation in experiments at the energy frontier in the medium-term to long-term future. Some key directions for future R&D on Micro-pattern Gas Detectors in the U.S. are suggested.
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Corrections on energy spectrum and scatterings for fast neutron radiography at NECTAR facility
Neutron spectrum and scattered neutrons caused distortions are major problems in fast neutron radiography and should be considered for improving the image quality. This paper puts emphasis on the removal of these image distortions and deviations for fast neutron radiography performed at the NECTAR facility of the research reactor FRM-II in Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany. The NECTAR energy spectrum is analyzed and established to modify the influence caused by neutron spectrum, as well as the Point Scattered Function (PScF) simulated by the Monte-Carlo program MCNPX is used to evaluate scattering effects from the object and improve images qualities. Good analysis results prove the sounded effects of above two corrections.
physics.ins-det↗
The Induced Charge Signal of Glass RPC Detector
The gas detector glass resistivity parallel chamber (GRPC) is proposed to use in the Hadron calorimeter (HCAL), the read-out system is based on the semi-digital system, then the charge information from GRPC is needed. To better understand the charge comes out from GRPC, we started from cosmic ray test to get the charge distribution and then study the induced charge distribution on the collection pad, after successfully compared with the prototype beam test data at CERN (European Council for Nuclear Research), the process was finally implanted into the Geant4 based simulation for future study.
physics.ins-det↗
Long distance nu_e -> nu_mu transitions and CP-violation with high intensity beta-beams
The recent experimental determinations of a large theta_13 angle have opened the way to a determination of the mass hierarchy and of the CP-violating phase. Experiments based on horn produced (anti-)neutrino conventional beams are presently under development. The event rates are marginal for a definitive search, since they require very intense beams and extremely large detector masses. Zucchelli has proposed a method in which pure (anti-)nu_e beams are generated by the beta-decay of relativistic radio-nuclides stored in a high energy storage ring pointing towards a far away neutrino detector. Since they have a much smaller transverse momentum distribution, the neutrino flux will be much more narrowly concentrated than with a horn. The isomeric doublet Li-8 (anti-nu_e, tau_1/2=0.84s) and B-8 (nu_e, tau_1/2=0.77s) has been studied. Neutrino and antineutrino beams are produced with an average transverse momentum of about 6.5 MeV/c. Radioactive ions may be generated with a dedicated table-top storage ring to supply a suitable ion source to be accelerated at high energies either at FNAL or at CERN. Ions should then extracted from the accelerator and accumulated in a decay storage ring with a long straight section pointing toward the neutrino detector. A massive detector based on liquid Argon technology is probably offering the best opportunities for such future programme. The present ICARUS LAr-TPC experiment has already collected at LNGS events in the relevant neutrino energy region. They should provide a first evidence for a conclusive experimental study of the competing signals and more generally for the actual feasibility of the beta-beam option in a search of the CP violating phase. Additional data may be provided in the near future with the ICARUS and MicroBooNe neutrino experiments located at a short distance neutrino beam and that will collect a much larger number of neutrino events.
physics.ins-det↗
The Electron Capture $^{163}$Ho Experiment ECHo
The determination of the absolute scale of the neutrino masses is one of the most challenging questions in particle physics. Different approaches are followed to achieve a sensitivity on neutrino masses in the sub-eV range. Among them, experiments exploring the beta decay and electron capture processes of suitable nuclides can provide necessary information on the electron neutrino mass value. In this talk we present the Electron Capture 163-Ho experiment ECHo, which aims to investigate the electron neutrino mass in the sub-eV range by means of the analysis of the calorimetrically measured energy spectrum following the electron capture process of 163-Ho. A high precision and high statistics spectrum will be measured by means of low temperature magnetic calorimeter arrays. We present preliminary results obtained with a first prototype of single channel detectors as well as the participating groups and their on-going developments.
physics.ins-det↗
A simple configuration setup for compton suppression spectroscopy
The fast timing, standard timing and easy timing are popular timing configurations of compton suppression spectroscopy. Such spectroscopes always use a module of coincidence or time-to-amplitude converter (TAC). A compton suppression spectroscopy with semi-timing configuration is presented in this paper. The semi-timing configuration is relatively simple and easy system setup, especially this spectroscopy does not need to use module of coincidence or TAC. The performance of spectroscopy was tested and summarized. The count rate background, full peak efficiency and the ratios of area/background of peaks in suppressed and unsuppressed modes were comparative.
physics.ins-det↗