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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
arXiv2008

The exact interpretation of mass differences in upper part of the charmonium spectrum

Mass differences of the charmonium mesons $ψ$(3770), $X$(3872), $χ$(3929), $X$(3940), $ψ$(4040), $ψ$(4160), $X$(4259) and $ψ$(4415) have been studied. The analysis of data has shown, 5 of 7 mass differences with $ψ$(4415) are precisely interpreted by using of harmonic quarks and their complete oscillators. Upper part of the charmonium spectrum consists of two groups. Except for two particles ($ψ$(3770) and $ψ$(4040)) connected among themselves, the others 5 particles are connected with a meson $ψ$(4415). The levels are separated by elementary groups of harmonic quarks and completed oscillators. Experimental and calculated data are in the good consent. The masses of mesons $ψ$(4415), $X$(4260), $ψ$(4160), $X$(3943) and $χ$(3929) were recalculated. The second group demonstrates that harmonic quarks can also well work below threshold $D\bar{D}$.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

An Essay on the Application of mathematical Analysis to the theories of Electricity and Magnetism

Green's famous essay (Nottingham, 1828), with which he introduced the potential function, was transcribed from its reprint in Crelle's Journal (1850-54), with several typographical corrections and a reference section added. Green starts with accounts of earlier work, and some introductory remarks motivating his notation and method. Then, he gives a textual summary of later formal calculations, beginning with the general results. Finally, Green applies the results to several problems concerning electricity and magnetism.

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2011

Primary and reciprocal space-time experiments, relativistic reciprocity relations and Einstein's train-embankment thought experiment

The concepts of primary and reciprocal experiments and base and travelling frames in special relativity are concisely described and applied to several different space-time experiments. These include Einstein's train/embankment thought experiment and a related thought experiment, due to Sartori, involving two trains in parallel motion with different speeds. Spatially separated clocks which are synchronised in their common proper frame are shown to be so in all inertial frames and their spatial separation to be Lorentz invariant. The interpretions given by Einstein and Sartori of their experiments, as well as those given by the present author in previous papers, are shown to be erroneous.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Three findings to model a quantum-gravitational theory

In 1967 Zeldovich expressed the cosmological constant lambda in terms of G, m and h, the gravitational constant, the mass of a fundamental particle and Plancks constant. In 1972 Weinberg expressed m in terms of h, G, the speed of light c and the Hubble parameter H. We proved that both expressions are identical. We also found proportionality between c and H. The critical mass balancing the outward quantum mechanical spreading of the wave function, and its inward gravitational collapse, has been recently estimated. We identify this mass with Zeldovich and Weinberg mass. A semi classical gravity model is reinforced and provides an insight for the modelling of a quantum-gravitational theory. The time evolution of the peak probability density for a free particle, a wave function initially filling the whole Universe, explains the later geometrical properties of the fundamental particles. We prove that they end up acquiring a constant size given by their Compton wavelength. The size of the fundamental particles, as well as their mass, is explained. The three findings converge: Newton laws of motion and gravitation, while explaining Zeldovich and Weinberg relations, also define the mass and size of the fundamental particles when using the Schrodinger-Newton equation.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

On a New 4-Vector Cosmological Field Theory

The original Dirac Equation is modified in the simplest imaginable and most trivial manner to include a universal 4-Vector Cosmological Field term in the space and time dimensions. This cosmological field leads to a modified Dirac Equation capable of explaining why the Universe appears to be made up chiefly of matter. It is seen that this 4-Vector Cosmological Field is actually a particle field and this particle field can possibly be identified with the darkmatter and darkenergy field. Further, this 4-Vector Cosmological Field is seen to give spacetime the desired quantum mechanical properties of randomness. Furthermore, it is seen that in the emergent Universe, the position coordinates of a particle in space -- contrary to the widely accepted belief that the position of a particle in space has no physical significance, we see that that opposite is true - namely that the position of a particle has physical significance. We further note that the 4-Vector Cosmological Field modification to the Dirac Equation leads us to a vacuum model redolent but different from that of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). This new vacuum model is without virtual particles but darkparticles. We dare to make the suggestion that these darkparticles may possibly explain the current mystery of what really is darkmatter and darkenergy.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Unravelling Lorentz Covariance and the Spacetime Formalism

We report the discovery of an exact mapping from Galilean time and space coordinates to Minkowski spacetime coordinates, showing that Lorentz covariance and the spacetime construct are consistent with the existence of a dynamical 3-space, and "absolute motion". We illustrate this mapping first with the standard theory of sound, as vibrations of a medium, which itself may be undergoing fluid motion, and which is covariant under Galilean coordinate transformations. By introducing a different non-physical class of space and time coordinates it may be cast into a form that is covariant under "Lorentz transformations" wherein the speed of sound is now the "invariant speed". If this latter formalism were taken as fundamental and complete we would be lead to the introduction of a pseudo-Riemannian "spacetime" description of sound, with a metric characterised by an "invariant speed of sound". This analysis is an allegory for the development of 20th century physics, but where the Lorentz covariant Maxwell equations were constructed first, and the Galilean form was later constructed by Hertz, but ignored. It is shown that the Lorentz covariance of the Maxwell equations only occurs because of the use of non-physical space and time coordinates. The use of this class of coordinates has confounded 20th century physics, and resulted in the existence of a "flowing" dynamical 3-space being overlooked. The discovery of the dynamics of this 3-space has lead to the derivation of an extended gravity theory as a quantum effect, and confirmed by numerous experiments and observations.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Hamiltonian Cosmology

The cosmological scale factor $a(t)$ of the flat-space Robertson-Walker geometry is examined from a Hamiltonian perspective wherein $a(t)$ is interpreted as an independent dynamical coordinate and the curvature density $\sqrt {- g(a)} R({a,\dot a,\ddot a})$ is regarded as an action density in Minkowski spacetime. The resulting Hamiltonian for $a(t)$ is just the first Friedmann equation of the traditional approach (i.e. the Robertson-Walker cosmology of General Relativity), as might be expected. The utility of this approach however stems from the fact that each of the terms matter, radiation, and vacuum, and including the kinetic / gravitational field term, are formally energy densities, and the equation as a whole becomes a formal statement of energy conservation. An advantage of this approach is that it facilitates an intuitive understanding of energy balance and exchange on the cosmological scale that is otherwise absent in the traditional presentation. Each coordinate system has its own internally consistent explanation for how energy balance is achieved. For example, in the spacetime with line element $ds^2 = dt^2 - a^2(t) d{\bf{x}}^2$, cosmological red-shift emerges as due to a post-recombination interaction between the scalar field $a(t)$ and the EM fields in which the latter loose energy as if propagating through a homogeneous lossy medium, with the energy lost to the scale factor helping drive the cosmological expansion.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

The Fundamentals of Generalized Electrodynamics

The article presents an alternative approach to the definition of vector electrodynamic potential and its properties. It is shown that generally it has vortical and potential components. The system of differential equations of generalized electrodynamics (the macroscopical theory) is written down; and on the basis of these equations the mechanism of occurrence of the electromagnetic waves spreading in the direction of vector (longitudinal E-waves) is explained. It is demonstrated that the new macroscopical theory is in accordance with quantum electrodynamics. The author investigates the issue of physical pithiness of longitudinal electromagnetic E-waves and specifies the references to the experimental researches confirming the new theory.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Stability Theory and the Foundations of Physics: A Challenge to Real Analysis and Numerical Calculation

At present, there exists no physically plausible example of a quantum field theory for which the existence of solutions has been proven mathematically. The Clay Mathematics Institute has offered a prize for proving existence for a class of Yang-Mills theories defined by Jaffe and Witten. This paper proposes a multi-stage strategy for proving existence for a quantum version of the "'tHooft Polyakov" (tP) field theory, and argues that this theory, while not renormalizable or physically plausible as it stands, opens up a clear path to a physically plausible well-defined theory. The key initial challenge is to first prove stability for a classical version of this theory, in the spirit of Walter Strauss. The stability results of Bogomolnyi for classical PDE systems are widely cited as a foundation of string theory, but they leave key questions unaddressed, and may even call for small modifications of the tP model itself. This paper calls attention to the questions which require more attention, and proposes some partial possible answers. It also specifies a new numerical method to check for stability for the usual "hedgehog" types of solution, a method which may have broader potential uses for any ODE problems where accuracy in derivatives is as important as accuracy in function values.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

On the Radiation Problem of High Mass Stars

We use the Azimuthally Symmetric Theory of Gravitation (set-forth in arXiv:0912.2966 and further advanced in viXra:0911.0025) to argue that massive stars must be able to form via the accretion disk without much problems.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Relational Approach to Spin Networks

Individual spinors in a SU(2) spin network are described by their relations to the background spin network. A 'covariant' formulation of these relations yields the de Sitter group SO(3,2) as the fundamental symmetry group. Locally this symmetry group is approximated by the Poincare group, which leaves invariant (certain) clusters of spinors. The calculated masses of these clusters reproduce the lepton spectrum. Corrections to the approximate Poincare group, based on the exact SO(3,2) symmetry, deliver interaction terms, identical to those of the standard model. In addition, gravitation is obtained. The calculation of the fine-structure constant reproduces Wyler's formula.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Cherenkov radiation has nothing to do with X-shaped Localized Waves (Comments on "Cherenkov-Vavilov Formulation of X-Waves")

The Localized Waves are nondiffracting ("soliton-like") and self-reconstructing solutions to the wave equations, and are known to exist with subluminal, luminal and superluminal peak-velocities. The most studied ones are the "X-shaped" superluminal waves; which are associated with a cone, so that some authors [e.g., Walker and Kuperman, PRL 99 (Dec.2007) 244802] have been tempted to link them with Cherenkov radiation. However, the "X-waves" belong to a different realm, and exist even in the vacuum, independently of any media, as verified in a number of papers [listed e.g. in "Localized Waves" (J.Wiley; Jan.2008)]. We want to clarify the whole question on the basis of rigorous formalism and clear physical considerations. In particular, by explicit calculations based on Maxwell equations only, we show that: (i) the X-waves exist also inside both the front and the rear part of their double cone (that has nothing to do with Cherenkov's); (ii) they are to be found not via ad hoc assumptions, but by use of strict mathematical (or experimental) procedures; (iii) the ideal X-waves possess infinite energy, but finite-energy X-waves can be easily constructed (even without space-time truncations): And we do construct exact finite-energy solutions (totally free from backward-traveling waves); (iv) an actual attempt at comparing Cherenkov radiation with X-waves would lead one to consider the very different situation of the (X-shaped, too) field generated by a superluminal point-charge, a question exploited in previous papers [Recami et al., PRE 69 (2004) 027602]: We show explicitly, here, that the point-charge would not lose energy in the vacuum, and its field would not need to be continuously feeded by incoming side-waves (as it is the case, indeed, for an ideal, ordinary X-wave).

physics.optics↗
arXiv2009

Gravitational mass in electromagnetic field

A fraction of energy is theoretically predicted to be captured from electromagnetic field to form a gravitating mass, when a low-mass charged particle enters the strong field from a region of no electromagnetism. In this paper the mass variation has been calculated for a charged particle on free-fall in the constraint electromagnetic field. It has been shown that there is an evident effect to the variation in mass when the low-mass charged particle is in the strong field.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Conception of quantum cosmology

Quantum cosmology describes universe as a relativistic object with an evolution defined by an equation for the energy density corresponding to the least action principle: (Taganov, 2008). In quantum cosmology this equation plays the same role as the Planck equation does in quantum physics. Universe evolution consists of not only the space expansion but also a deceleration of the course of physical time. Durations of all processes, measured by decelerating physical time, are always longer, than corresponding durations, measured by a scale of the invariable uniform Newtonian time. Quantum interpretation of the redshift phenomenon enables to estimate the Hubble parameter by means of fundamental physical constants. In the course of evolution, the universe retains the self-similarity defined by the constancy of the characteristic scale relations for micro- and mega worlds with an average fractal dimension of the typical cosmic large-scale structures D=2. Quantum cosmology advances new relations for the microwave background parameters, apparent stellar magnitudes and redshifts; formulae for the cosmological increase of the macroscopic space- and time- characteristics and evaluation of quasar redshifts and luminosities.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

On the Existence of Quantum Wave Function and Quantum Interference Effects in Mental States: An Experimental Confirmation during Perception and Cognition in Humans

We introduce the quantum theoretical formulation to determine a posteriori, if existing, the quantum wave functions and to estimate the quantum interference effects of mental states. Such quantum features are actually found in the case of an experiment involving the perception and the cognition in humans. Also some specific psychological variables are introduced and it is obtained that they characterize in a stringent manner the quantum behaviour of mind during such performed experiment.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Light Bosons of Electromagnetic Field and Breakdown of Relativistic Theory

In our analysis, a quantisation scheme for local electromagnetic waves in vacuum is introduced by the model of nonideal Bose-gas consisting of Bose-light-particles (which are no photons) with spin one and a finite mass. This fact destroys the Relativistic Theory of Einstein as well as displays a wrong sound of so-called a spontaneous breakdown of symmetry because the light boson can be moved by speed of wave in vacuum.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Optics-less Sensors for Localization of Radiation Sources

A new family of radiation sensors is introduced which do not require any optics. The sensors consist of arrays of elementary sub-sensors with natural cosine-law or similar angular sensitivity supplemented with a signal processing unit that computes optimal statistical estimations of source parameters. We show, both theoretically and by computer simulation, that such sensors are capable of accurate localization and intensity estimation of a given number of radiation sources and of imaging of a given number of sources in known positions. The accuracy is found to be dependent only on the sub-sensors noise level, on the number of sub-sensors and on the spacing between radiation sources.

physics.optics↗