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arXiv2013

New and general framework for adsorption processes on dynamic interfaces

We introduce a new and general continuum thermodynamic framework for the mathematical analysis and computation of adsorption on dynamic interfaces. To the best of our knowledge, there is no formulation available that accounts for the coupled dynamics of interfaces and densities of adsorbants. Our framework leads to analytic adsorption isotherms which also take the interfacial geometry fully into account. We demonstrate the utility and physical consistency of our framework with a new computational multi-level discretization strategy. In the computations, we recover the experimentally observed feature that the adsorption of particles minimizes the interfacial tension.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Discrete exact and quasi-resonances of Rossby/drift waves on $\b$-plane with periodic boundary conditions

Analysis of resonance clustering in weakly nonlinear dispersive wave systems, also called discrete wave turbulent systems, is a new methodology successfully used in the last years for characterizing energy transport due to exact and quasi-resonances. Quite recently this methodology has been used in the paper by M. D. Bustamante, U. Hayat "Complete classification of discrete resonant Rossby/drift wave triads on periodic domains", \cite{BH13}, in order to show that resonance clustering is very sparse and quasi-resonances (that is, resonances with small enough detuning) play major role in the energy transport in this specific wave system. On the other hand, in the paper by M. Yamada, T. Yoneda "Resonant interaction of Rossby waves in two-dimensional flow on $β$-plane", \cite{YaYo13}, the same physical system is studied and a mathematically rigorous theorem is proven: at high $\b$, the flow dynamics is governed exclusively by resonant interactions. In our present paper we demonstrate that this seeming contradiction between numerical results \cite{BH13} and analytical results \cite{YaYo13} are due to some pitfalls in numerical studies of exact and quasi-resonances presented in \cite{BH13}. We also demonstrate that resonance clustering of drift waves on periodic $\b$-plane differs substantially from characteristic resonance clustering in other 3-wave systems: instead of a usual set of isolated triads and a few bigger clusters, there exists \emph{no isolated triads} in this case. Resonant triads are interconnected in a complicated way and the smallest cluster consists of 6 connected triads.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

A finite-difference lattice Boltzmann approach for gas microflows

Finite-difference Lattice Boltzmann (LB) models are proposed for simulating gas flows in devices with microscale geometries. The models employ the roots of half-range Gauss-Hermite polynomials as discrete velocities. Unlike the standard LB velocity-space discretizations based on the roots of full-range Hermite polynomials, using the nodes of a quadrature defined in the half-space permits a consistent treatment of kinetic boundary conditions. The possibilities of the proposed LB models are illustrated by studying the one-dimensional Couette flow and the two-dimensional driven cavity flow. Numerical and analytical results show an improved accuracy in finite Knudsen flows as compared with standard LB models.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Viscoelastic Fluids

In this paper I analyze the onset of Rayleigh-Taylor instability between two linear viscoelastic fluids assuming that the perturbations at the interface are small. In the first half, the paper analyzes a stratified viscoelastic fluid in which I prove that the perturbations rise or fall exponentially without oscillating. The second half of the paper examines the effect of electric and magnetic fields on viscoelastic fluids. I show that it is possible to choose electric or magnetic field gradient such that the effective acceleration due to gravity is zero. If a heavy Newtonian fluid rests on top of a lighter Newtonian fluid such a choice of field gradient would have rendered the arrangement stable. If the fluids are viscoelastic, I show that a similar arrangement is unstable.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Numerical Simulation of Asymmetric Merging Flow in a Rectangular Channel

The steady, asymmetric and two-dimensional flow of viscous, incompressible, and Newtonian fluid through a rectangular channel with splitter plate parallel to walls is investigated numerically. In the past, the position of the splitter plate was taken as a centerline of channel but here we consider its different positions which cause the asymmetric behaviour of the flow field. The geometric parameter that controls the position of splitter is defined as splitter position parameter α. The plane Poiseuille flow is considered far from upstream and downstream of the splitter. The fourth order method Mancera [11], followed by special finite-method Dennis [5] is used to solve in our purpose. This numerical scheme transforms the governing equations to system of finite-difference equations which are solved by point S.O.R. iterative method. Moreover, the results obtained are further refined and upgraded by Richardson Extrapolation method Jain [18]. This scheme yields the sixth order accurate solution. The results are compared with those of Badr et al [1] for symmetric case (when α=0) for velocity, vorticity and skin friction distributions. The comparison is very favourable.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Interaction and decay of Kelvin waves in the Gross-Pitaevskii model

By solving numerically the governing Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we study the dynamics of Kelvin waves on a superfluid vortex. After determining the dispersion relation, we monitor the turbulent decay of Kelvin waves with energy initially concentrated at large length scales. At intermediate length scales, we find that the decay is consistent with scaling predictions of theoretical models. Finally we report the unexpected presence of large-length scale phonons in the system.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Room temperature water Leidenfrost droplets

We experimentally investigate the Leidenfrost effect at pressures ranging from 1 to 0.05 atmospheric pressure. As a direct consequence of the Clausius-Clapeyron phase diagram of water, the droplet temperature can be at ambient temperature in a non-sophisticated lab environment. Furthermore, the lifetime of the Leidenfrost droplet is significantly increased in this low pressure environment. The temperature and pressure dependance of the evaporation rate are successfully tested against a recently proposed model. These results may pave a way to reach efficient Leidenfrost micro-fluidic and milli-fluidic applications.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2013

Sensitivity studies of heat transfer: forced convection across a cylindrical pipe and duct flow

We consider two common heat transfer processes and perform a through sensitivity study of the variables involved. We derive and discuss analytical formulas for the heat transfer coefficient in function of film velocity, air temperature and pipe diameter. The according plots relate to a qualitative analysis of the multi-variable function $h$, according to functional optimization. For each process, we provide with graphs and tables of the parameters of interest, such as the Reynolds number. This method of study and the specific values can constitute a useful reference for didactic purposes.

physics.class-ph↗

arXiv2013

The dynamics of internal gravity waves in the ocean: theory and applications

In this paper we consider fundamental processes of the disturbance and propagation of internal gravity waves in the ocean modeled as a vertically stratified, horizontally non-uniform, and non-stationary medium. We develop asymptotic methods for describing the wave dynamics by generalizing the spatiotemporal ray-tracing method (a geometrical optics method). We present analytical and numerical algorithms for calculating the internal gravity wave fields using actual ocean parameters such as physical characteristics of the sea water, topography of its floor, etc. We demonstrate that our mathematical models can realistically describe the internal gravity wave dynamics in the ocean. Our numerical and analytical results show that the internal gravity waves have a significant impact on underwater objects in the ocean.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

On the internal gravity waves in the stratified ocean with shear flows

In this paper, we consider a fundamental problem of describing the dynamics of internal gravity waves in the stratified ocean with shear flows. We develop an asymptotic representation of the wave fields in terms of the Green's functions. We explore the far field of the internal gravity waves generated by disturbing sources, and propose asymptotic algorithms for calculating its dynamics.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Continuum Hamiltonian Hopf Bifurcation I

Hamiltonian bifurcations in the context of noncanonical Hamiltonian matter models are described. First, a large class of 1 + 1 Hamiltonian multi-fluid models is considered. These models have linear dynamics with discrete spectra, when linearized about homogeneous equilibria, and these spectra have counterparts to the steady state and Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcations when equilibrium parameters are varied. Examples of fluid sound waves and plasma and gravitational streaming are treated in detail. Next, using these 1 + 1 examples as a guide, a large class of 2 + 1 Hamiltonian systems is introduced, and Hamiltonian bifurcations with continuous spectra are examined. It is shown how to attach a signature to such continuous spectra, which facilitates the description of the continuous Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation. This chapter lays the groundwork for Kreĭn-like theorems associated with the CHH bifurcation that are more rigorously discussed in our companion chapter \cite{chaptII}.

math-ph↗

arXiv2013

Reynolds Number of Transition as a Dynamic Constraint on Statistical Theory of Turbulence

Iterative coarse-graining procedure based on Wyld's perturbation expansion is applied to the problem of Navier-Stokes turbulence. It is shown that the low-order calculation gives the fixed-point Reynolds number $ Re_{fp}$ (coupling constant) almost identical to the Reynolds number of the recently discovered transition to anomalous scaling of the moments of {\bf "velocity derivatives"}. Using this result as a dynamic constraint, it is argued that in the vicinity of the fixed point (integral scale) the high-order non-linearities, generated by the procedure, are irrelevant. The infra-red divergencies do not disappear but are are contained in the derived equations for the symmetry-breaking large-scale flows (turbulence models or "condensates"), which are source of the small-scale turbulence.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Non-Boussinesq Rolls in 2d Thermal Convection

A study of convection in a circular two dimensional cell is presented. The system is heated and cooled at two diametrically opposed points on the edge of the circle, which are parallel or anti-parallel to gravity. The latter's role in the plane of the cell can be changed by tilting the cell. When the system is in a horizontal position, a non-trivial analytic solution for the temperature distribution of the quiescent fluid can be found. For a slight inclination, the projection of gravity in the plane of the cell is used as a perturbation parameter in the full hydrodynamic description, as the Boussinesq approximation is inadequate. To first order, the equations are solved for the stationary case and four symmetrical rolls become apparent, showing that a purely conductive state is impossible if gravity -however small- is present; an approximate closed analytical expression is obtained, which describes the four convection rolls. Further analysis is done by a direct numerical integration. Comparison with preliminary observations is mentioned.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Shallow Water Waves and Solitary Waves

Encyclopedic article covering shallow water wave models used in oceanography and atmospheric science. Sections: Definition of the Subject; Introduction and Historical Perspective; Completely Integrable Shallow Water Wave Equations; Shallow Water Wave Equations of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics; Computation of Solitary Wave Solutions; Numerical Methods; Water Wave Experiments and Observations; Future Directions, and Bibliography.

nlin.SI↗

arXiv2013

Parametric Excitation of Internal Gravity Waves in Ocean and Atmosphere as Precursors of Strong Earthquakes and Tsunami

The condition of internal gravity waves (IGW) parametric excitation in the rotating fluid layer heated from above, with the layer vibration along the vertical axis or with periodic modulation in time of the vertical temperature distribution, is obtained. We show the dual role of the molecular dissipative effects that may lead not only to the wave oscillations damping, but also to emergence of hydrodynamic dissipative instability (DI) in some frequency band of IGW. This DI also may take place for the localized in horizontal plane tornado-like disturbances, horizontal scale of which does not exceed the character vertical scale for the fluid layer of the finite depth. Investigated parametric resonance mechanism of IGW generation in ocean and atmosphere during and before earthquakes allows monitoring of such waves (with double period with respect to the period of vibration or temperature gradient modulation) as precursors of these devastating phenomena.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Nonlinear dynamics of plasma oscillations modeled by a forced modified Van der Pol-Duffing oscillator

This paper considers nonlinear dynamics of plasma oscillations modeled by a forced modified Van der Pol-Duffing oscillator. These plasma oscillations are described by a nonlinear differential equation of the form $ \ddot{x}+ ε(1 +{x}^{2}){\dot{x}} + x+ αε{x}{\dot{x}} + βx^{2}+γx^{3}= F\cos{Ωt}.$ The amplitudes of the forced harmonic, superharmonic and subharmonic oscillatory states are obtained using the harmonic balance technique and the multiple time scales methods. Bifurcation sequences displayed by the model for each type of oscillatory states are performed numerically through the fourth order Runge- Kutta scheme. The influences of the differents parameters and of amplitude of external forced have been found.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Continuum Hamiltonian Hopf Bifurcation II

Building on the development of [MOR13], bifurcation of unstable modes that emerge from continuous spectra in a class of infinite-dimensional noncanonical Hamiltonian systems is investigated. Of main interest is a bifurcation termed the continuum Hamiltonian Hopf (CHH) bifurcation, which is an infinite-dimensional analog of the usual Hamiltonian Hopf (HH) bifurcation. Necessary notions pertaining to spectra, structural stability, signature of the continuous spectra, and normal forms are described. The theory developed is applicable to a wide class of 2+1 noncanonical Hamiltonian matter models, but the specific example of the Vlasov-Poisson system linearized about homogeneous (spatially independent) equilibria is treated in detail. For this example, structural (in)stability is established in an appropriate functional analytic setting, and two kinds of bifurcations are considered, one at infinite and one at finite wavenumber. After defining and describing the notion of dynamical accessibility, Kreĭn-like theorems regarding signature and bifurcation are proven. In addition, a canonical Hamiltonian example, composed of a negative energy oscillator coupled to a heat bath, is treated and our development is compared to pervious work in this context. A careful counting of eigenvalues, with and without symmetry, is undertaken, leading to the definition of a degenerate continuum steady state (CSS) bifurcation. It is described how the CHH and CSS bifurcations can be viewed as linear normal forms associated with the nonlinear single-wave model described in [BAL13], which is a companion to the present work and that of [MOR13].

math-ph↗

arXiv2013

Examining the physical principles behind the motion of moist air: Which expressions are sound?

The physical equations determining the motion of moist atmospheric air in the presence of condensation remain controversial. Two distinct formulations have been proposed, published and cited. The equation of Bannon [2002, J. Atmos. Sci. 59: 1967--1982] includes a term for a "reactive motion" that arises when water vapor condenses and droplets begin to fall; according to this term the remaining gas moves upwards so as to conserve momentum. In the equation of Ooyama[2001, J. Atmos. Sci. 58: 2073--2102] the reactive motion term is absent. Both equations contain a term for condensate loading, but in the formulation of Ooyama [2001] there are two additional terms. In some modern nonhydrostatic models of moist atmospheric circulation, however, formulations have been mixed. Here we examine the contrasting equations for the motion of moist air. We discuss inconsistencies in the application of Newton's second and third laws to an air and condensate mixture. We show that the concept of reactive motion in this context is based on a misunderstanding of the conservation of momentum in the presence of a gravitational field: such a reactive motion does not exist. We show that the "mixed" equation used in some models is not physically consistent either. We examine why consideration of total momentum, that is air and condensate combined, has been misleading in the search for valid equations of motion in the presence of phase transitions.

physics.flu-dyn↗