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Quantization in Spacetime from Null Paths in Higher Dimensions

Massive particles on timelike paths in spacetime can be viewed as moving on null paths in a higher-dimensional manifold. This and other consequences follow from the use of Campbell's theorem to embed 4D general relativity in non-compactified 5D Kaluza-Klein theory. We now show that it is possible in principle to obtain the standard rule for quantization in 4D from the canonical metric with null paths in 5D. Particle mass can be wavelike, as suggested originally by Dirac, and other 4D/5D consequences are outlined.

physics.gen-ph↗

The informational physics indeed can help to understand Nature?

In our previous articles ("The Information and the Matter", v1, v5; more systematically the informational conception is presented in arXiv paper "The Information as Absolute", 2010) it was rigorously shown that the Matter is some informational system (structure), which is an [practically] infinitesimal sub-sets of the utmost infinite and fundamental Set "Information". Here some physical consequences from this conception are considered.

physics.gen-ph↗

Generalized Exponential Function and some of its Applications to Complex Systems

From the integration of non-symmetrical hyperboles, a one-parameter generalization of the logarithmic function is obtained. Inverting this function, one obtains the generalized exponential function. We show that functions characterizing complex systems can be conveniently written in terms of this generalization of the exponential function. The gamma function is then generalized and we generalize the factorial operation. Also a very reliable rank distribution can be conveniently described by the generalized exponential function. Finally, we turn the attention to the generalization of one- and two-tail stretched exponential functions. One obtains, as particular cases, the generalized error function, the Zipf-Mandelbrot probability density function (pdf), the generalized gaussian and Laplace pdf. One can also obtain analytically their cumulative functions and moments.

physics.data-an↗

Unified Statistical Description of Quasithermodynamic Systems in and out of Equilibrium

We propose the method of statistical description of broad class of dynamic systems (DS) whose equations of motion are determined by two state depending functions: 1) "energy" - the quantity which conserves in time and 2) "entropy" - the quantity which does not decrease in time. It is demonstrated that the behavior of such systems in the equilibrium state reduces to the thermodynamic lows in particular the Le Chatelier principle is satisfed and so on. Taking into account the interaction system of interest with ergometer - the device which continuously measures its energy one can possible to find the system distribution function in arbitrary non-equilibrium stationary state (NESS). Some general relations for mean values of certain quantities in NESS which can be compared with experimental data are obtained.

physics.class-ph↗

Entropy oscillations

The opportunity of occurrence of entropy oscillations around of a stationary state in linear and nonlinear processes is theoretically shown. The new mechanism of global tendencies appearance is described.

physics.gen-ph↗

Classical counterexample to Bell's theorem

We describe a strictly classical dice game, which emulates the main features of the EPR experiment, including violation of Bell's inequalities. Therefore, the standard interpretation that Bell's theorem provides necessary conditions for `local realism' is disproved.

physics.gen-ph↗

Gaia Paradigm: A Biotic Origin Of The Polar Sunrise Arctic Bromine Explosion

The main attention is given to discussion of the natural causes and regularities of the Arctic bromine pollution. We make notice of marine microbial organisms and their metabolism as a prime driving force for the elemental biogeochemical cycles. One of the important conclusions of this study is on similarity between ocean bromine concentrating as by-product of the marine microbial activities and nitrogen fixation by soil bacteria. In both cases, microbial organisms and their food webs maintain the sustainability of the superficial environments throughout the geological ages of the biotic Earth. Phenomenology of bromine explosion points on synchronization of the biogeochemical processing upon the solar factor. Spatial-temporal extent and statistical properties of the Arctic BrO cloud make the bromine explosion phenomena an exceptionally valuable for modeling. In our analysis of of the interannual (Solar Cycle 23) variability of the BrO cloud, we rely on on the processed from GOME satellite data and on the ground observations. Sustainability of the earth superficial environments is impossible without ozone-oxygen transformations. Bromine pollution activate catalytic depletion of ozone, which leads to the intensification of oxygen fluxes and atmosphere-ocean exchange and to the stimulation of the seasonal production of the superficial Northern Hemisphere's biota. The biotic bromine explosion illustrates the major concepts of Gaia hypothesis and yields on the foundational principle of multiple unity of the Earth's life and planetary operations.

physics.gen-ph↗

Higgs Mechanism in the Standard Model and a Possibility of its Direct Physical Realization

The aim of this work was to answer the question: Is the direct physical realization of the Higgs mechanism possible? It is shown that this mechanism cannot have a direct physical realization since the condition for this realization is not fulfilled. It means that if in the new collider at CERN a scalar particle is detected, it does not mean that it is a Higgs particle.

physics.gen-ph↗

Positive and negative entropy production in thermodynamics systems

This article presents a heuristic combination of the local and global formulations of the second law of thermodynamics that suggests the possibility of theoretical existence of thermodynamics processes with positive and negative entropy production.Such processes may exhibit entropy couplings that reveal an unusual behavior from the point of view of conventional thermodynamics.

physics.gen-ph↗

The Principle and Application of Maser Navigation

The traditional celestial navigation system (CNS) is used the moon, stars, and planets as celestial guides. Then the star tracker (i.e. track one star or planet or angle between it) and star sensor (i.e. sense many star simultaneous) be used to determine the attitude of the spacecraft. Pulsar navigation also be introduced to CNS. Maser is another interested celestial in radio astronomy which has strong flux density as spectral line. Now we analysis the principle of maser navigation which base on measuring Doppler shift frequency spectra and the feasibility that use the exist instrument. We give the navigation equations of maser-based navigation system and discuss the integrated navigation use maser, then give the perspective in the Milky Way and the intergalatic. Our analysis show that use one meter antenna can achieve tens of meters position accuracy which better than today's star sensor. After integrated with maser navigation, pulsar navigation and star sensor in CNS and inertial navigation system, is it not only increase the reliability and redundancy of navigation or guiding system but also can less or abolish the depend of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) which include GPS, GRONSS, Galileo and BeiDou et al. Maser navigation can give the continuous position in deep space, that means we can freedom fly successfully in the Milky Way which use celestial navigation that include maser, pulsar and traditional star sensor. Maser as nature beacon in the universe will make human freely fly in the space of the Milky Way, even outer of it. That is extraordinary in the human evolution to type III of Kardashev civilizations.

physics.gen-ph↗

Quantum mechanics vs relativity: an experimental test of the structure of spacetime

We have performed an experimental test under the conditions of which quantum mechanics predicts a spatially-discontinuous single-particle transport. The transport is beyond the relativistic paradigm of movement in Cartesian space and therefore may well be nonlocal. Our test has demonstrated that such transport does exist. This fact opens the door for realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics insofar as the requirement of Lorentz invariance appears inapplicable to any version of quantum theory. Moreover, as quantum mechanics proposes a particle dynamics beyond the relativity, it automatically requires an adequate "quantum" concept of spacetime, for which the relativistic concept is only a limiting case. The quantum concept allows absolute simultaneity and hence revives the notion of absolute time. It also goes beyond the relativistic curvilinear Cartesian order of space to account for quantum phenomena such as the discontinuity and the nonlocality in the spirit of Bohm's concept of the implicate order.

physics.gen-ph↗

Unification of Gravitational and Electromagnetic Fields in Riemannian Geometry

The gravitational field and the source-free electromagnetic field can be unified preliminarily by the equations in the Riemannian geometry, both are contractions of im and ik, respectively. So it will be equivalent to the Yang gravitational equations. From this we can obtain the Lorentz equations of motion, the first system and second source-free system of Maxwell field equations. This unification can be included in the gauge theory, and the unified gauge group is GL(2,C), which is just the same as the gauge group of the Riemanian manifold.

physics.gen-ph↗

The relativistic phase space and Newman-Penrose basis

We define a complex relativistic phase space which is the space $\mathbb{C}^4$ equipped with the Minkowski metric and with a geometric tri-product on it. The geometric tri-product is similar to the triple product of the bounded symmetric domain of type IV in Cartan's classification, called the spin domain. We show that there are to types of tripotents-the basic elements of the tri-product in the relativistic phase space. We construct a spectral decomposition for elements of this space. A description of compatibility of element of the relativistic phase space is given. We show that the relativistic phase space has two natural bases consisting of compatible tripotents. The fist one is the natural basis for four-vectors and the second one is the Newman-Penrose basis. The second one determine Dirac bi-spinors on the phase space. Thus, the relativistic phase space has similar features to the quantum mechanical state space.

physics.gen-ph↗

Weinberg angle, current coupling constant, and mass of particles as properties of culminating-point filters - consequences for particle astrophysics

Culminating-point filter construction for particle points is distinguished from torus construction for wave functions in the tangent objects of their neighborhoods. Both constructions are not united by a general manifold diffeomorphism, but are united by a map of a hidden conformal $S^{1}\times S^{3}$ charge with harmonic (Maxwell) potentials into a physical space formed by culminating points, tangent objects, and Feynman connections. The particles are obtained from three classes of eigensolutions of the homogeneous potential equations on $S^{1}\times S^{3}$. The map of the $u(2)$ invariant vector fields into the Dirac phase factors of the connections yields the electro-weak Lagrangian with explicit mass operators for the massive leptons. The spectrum of massive particles is restricted by the small, manageable number of eigensolution classes and an instability of the model for higher mass values. This instability also defines the huge numbers of filter elements needed for the culminating points. Weinberg angle, current coupling constant, and lepton masses are calculated or estimated from the renormalization of filter properties. Consequences for particle astrophysics follow, on the one hand, from the restriction of particle classes and, on the other hand, from the suggestion of new particles from the three classes e.g. of dark matter, of a confinon for the hadrons, and of a prebaryon. Definitely excluded are e.g. SUSY constructions, Higgs particles, and a quark gluon plasma: three-piece phenoma from the confinons are always present.

physics.gen-ph↗

Two thermodynamic particularities of the dynamic glass transition in liquids: Glarum-Levy defects and Fischer speckles - cosmological consequences

A new thermodynamics for liquids related to von Laue's approach (1917) substitutes some particle priors of Gibb's rational thermodynamics. This allows the definition of a new dynamic entity ($G$ defect) whose diffusion properties also claim a largest causal region ($F$ speckle). In the frame of the hidden charge model \cite{this part} it is discussed, whether this new thermodynamics can be applied to an initial liquid for cosmology, where the $G$ defects lead to the later galaxies and the $F$ speckles to a finite expanding universe of diameter $R$. Far below a "hadronic" Compton wave length $λ_{0}$ of order 1 fermi, $R\ll λ_{0}$, there is no room left for too small filter elements, that would, however, be necessary for a filter convergence to an isolated cold quantum mechanical point particle. When the expansion of the universe comes to $λ_{0}$, i.e. for $R\approx λ_{0}$, then many hadrons are created. The related negative pressure gets large amounts and leads to an intense hadronic cosmological inflation. -- The $G$ defects are formed by the shaping power of Levy distribution (preponderant component, hierarchy, damping factor). A relation between the number of galaxies, the tilt in the density fluctuation, and the temperature amplitude of the CMB is obtained. For $R\gg λ_{0}$ (much vacuum), the "electromagnetic" $M_4$ tangent objects are large and flat. This allows a geometric interpretation of the "stony" dark energy as flatness on the "golden" side of the Einstein equation, $Ω_Λ=1-Ω_{M}$.

physics.gen-ph↗

A New Paradigm for Obtaining the Laws of Physics

The Lorentz transformation is derived without assuming the existence of Maxwell's equations, or that the speed of light is a constant, or even that light exists. This leads us logically to sonsider the existence of a primal field called stuff which at every space-time point is traveling in every posssible direction with the speed of light. All physical quantities are to be derived from operations on the stuff field. To familiarize ourselves with the implications of the new paradigm equations are developed for a world of time and only one spatial dimension. These non-linear equations lead to the existence of quantized particles, of light, and of gravity. Conservation laws and symmetries are obtained. Spin space is introduced by assuming the stuff field is a matrix. For a 3x3 matrix an eight fold classification of particles arises and the equations describing their dynamical structure are obtained. The extreeme simplicity of the equations suggests that they may have a (1+3) dimensional counterpart which is adequate to unify the four forces of our real world. A candidate (1+3)-d equation is proposed.

physics.gen-ph↗

Electrodynamics in Iron and Steel

In order to calculate the reflected EM fields at low amplitudes in iron and steel, more must be understood about the nature of long wavelength excitations in these metals. A bulk piece of iron is a very complex material with microstructure, a split band structure, magnetic domains and crystallographic textures that affect domain orientation. Probing iron and other bulk ferromagnetic materials with weak reflected and transmitted inductive low frequency fields is an easy operation to perform but the responses are difficult to interpret because of the complexity and variety of the structures affected by the fields. First starting with a simple single coil induction measurement and classical EM calculation to show the error is grossly under estimating the measured response. Extending this experiment to measuring the transmission of the induced fields allows the extraction of three dispersion curves which define these internal fields. One dispersion curve yielded an exceedingly small effective mass of 1.8 10^{-39}kg (1.3 10^{-9} m_e) for those spin waves. There is a second distinct dispersion curve more representative of the density function of a zero momentum bound state rather than a propagating wave. The third dispersion curve describes a magneto-elastic coupling to a very long wave length propagating mode. These experiments taken together display the characteristics of a high temperature Bose-Einstein like condensation that can be initiated by pumping two different states. A weak time dependent field drives the formation of coupled J=0 spin wave pairs with the reduced effective mass reflecting the increased size of the coherent state. These field can dominate induction measurements well past the Curie temperature.

physics.gen-ph↗