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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Time delay in a disordered topological system

The discovery of topological insulators has opened new prospects for robust signal transport for electronic, phononic, and photonic devices. Though transport of topological protected edge states is robust to disorder, large fluctuations and lengthened average delay time are observed. Here, we consider a quasi-1d system following the Haldane model and generalize the idea of eigenchannel time delay to the topological system. Eigenchannel time delay indicates the excited density of states for the configuration and relates to the intensity integral inside the system. Taking advantage of this property, we point out a practical way to extract the central frequency and linewidth of localized modes excited in the topological system. This work links the fluctuation of time delay to the strength of disorder and discusses the scaling of time delay.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Universal threshold and Arnold tongues in Kerr ring microresonators

We report that an instability boundary of a single-mode state in Kerr ring microresonators with ultrahigh quality factors breaks the parameter space span by the pump laser power and frequency into a sequence of narrow in frequency and broad in power resonance domains - Arnold tongues. Arnold resonances are located between the Lugiato-Lefever (lower) and universal (higher) thresholds. Pump power estimates corresponding to the universal threshold are elaborated in details. RF-spectra generated within the tongues reveal a transition between the repetition-rate locked and unlocked regimes of the side-band generation.

physics.optics↗

Parametric Dependence of Bound States in the Continuum on Periodic Structures

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have some unusual properties and important applications in photonics. A periodic structure sandwiched between two homogeneous media is the most popular platform for observing BICs and realizing their applications. Existing studies on BICs assume the periodic structure has a $C_2$ rotational symmetry about the axis perpendicular to the periodic layer. It is known that all BICs turn to resonant states with finite quality factors if the periodic structure is perturbed by a generic perturbation breaking the $C_2$ symmetry, and a typical BIC continues to exist if the perturbation keeps the $C_2$ symmetry. We study how typical BICs depend on generic structural parameters. For a class of BICs with one opening radiation channel, we show that in the plane of two generic parameters, the BICs exist continuously as a curve. Consequently, BICs can exist on periodic structures without the $C_2$ symmetry, and they can be found by tuning a single structural parameter. The result is established analytically by a perturbation theory with two independent perturbations and validated by numerical examples. Our study reveals a much larger family for BICs on periodic structures, and provides new opportunities for future applications.

physics.optics↗

Light storage in a room temperature atomic vapor based on coherent population oscillations

We report the experimental observation of Coherent Population Oscillation (CPO) based light storage in an atomic vapor cell at room temperature. Using the ultranarrow CPO between the ground levels of a $Λ$ system selected by polarization in metastable $^4$He, such a light storage is experimentally shown to be phase preserving. As it does not involve any atomic coherences it has the advantage of being robust to dephasing effects such as small magnetic field inhomogeneities. The storage time is limited by the population lifetime of the ground states of the $Λ$ system.

physics.atom-ph↗

Leaky Modes of Dielectric Cavities

In the absence of external excitation, light trapped within a dielectric medium generally decays by leaking out (and also by getting absorbed within the medium). We analyze the leaky modes of a parallel-plate slab, a solid glass sphere, and a solid glass cylinder, by examining those solutions of Maxwell's equations (for dispersive as well as non-dispersive media) which admit of a complex-valued oscillation frequency. Under certain circumstances, these leaky modes constitute a complete set into which an arbitrary distribution of the electromagnetic field residing inside a dielectric body can be expanded. We provide completeness proofs, and also present results of numerical calculations that illustrate the relationship between the leaky modes and the resonances of dielectric cavities formed by a simple parallel-plate slab, a glass sphere, and a glass cylinder.

physics.optics↗

Enhanced transmission versus localization of a light pulse by a subwavelength metal slit: Can the pulse have both characteristics?

The existence of resonant enhanced transmission and collimation of light waves by subwavelength slits in metal films [for example, see T.W. Ebbesen et al., Nature (London) 391, 667 (1998) and H.J. Lezec et al., Science, 297, 820 (2002)] leads to the basic question: Can a light be enhanced and simultaneously localized in space and time by a subwavelength slit? To address this question, the spatial distribution of the energy flux of an ultrashort (femtosecond) wave-packet diffracted by a subwavelength (nanometer-size) slit was analyzed by using the conventional approach based on the Neerhoff and Mur solution of Maxwell's equations. The results show that a light can be enhanced by orders of magnitude and simultaneously localized in the near-field diffraction zone at the nm- and fs-scales. Possible applications in nanophotonics are discussed.

physics.optics↗

Rotational tuning of interaction in metamaterials

We experimentally observe the tuning of metamaterials through the relative rotation of the elements about their common axis. In contrast to previous results we observe a crossing of resonances, where the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes become degenerate. We associate this effect with an interplay between the magnetic and electric near-field interactions and verify this by calculations based on the interaction energy between resonators.

physics.optics↗

A Room-temperature Spin-polarized Polariton Laser

In the field of spin-controlled semiconductor lasers, massive effort has been focused upon materials with long spin relaxation times (~ns). In contrast, we demonstrate room-temperature spin-polarized ultrafast pulsed lasing in InGaAs quantum wells (~10 ps) embedded within a GaAs microcavity. The microcavity studied here is similar to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) used in optical communication. Unlike a VCSEL, the present polariton laser has nonlinear output and energy shifts owing to the mixing of the free-carrier polarization and cavity light field. At room temperature, we observe features resembling those in exciton-polariton condensates at cryogenic temperatures, including the spontaneous build-up of spatial coherence, macroscopic occupation, and spin polarization. Our results should stimulate activities to exploit spin-orbit interaction and many-body effects for fundamental studies of quantum light-matter fluids and developments of spin-dependent optoelectronic devices.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Valley-protected backscattering suppression in silicon photonic graphene

In this paper, we study valley degree of freedom in all dielectric silicon photonic graphene. Photonic band gap opening physics under inversion symmetry breaking is revisited by the viewpoint of nonzero valley Chern number. Bulk valley modes with opposite orbital angular momentum are unveiled by inspecting time-varying electric fields. Topological transition is well illustrated through photonic Dirac Hamiltonian. Valley dependent edge states and the associated valley-protected backscattering suppression around Z-shape bend waveguide have been demonstrated.

physics.optics↗

Stationary Light Pulses without Bragg Gratings

The underlying mechanism of the stationary light pulse (SLP) was identified as a band gap being created by a Bragg grating formed by two counter-propagating coupling fields of similar wavelength. Here we present a more general view of the formation of SLPs, namely several balanced four-wave mixing processes sharing the same ground-state coherence. Utilizing this new concept we report the first experimental observation of a bichromatic SLP at wavelengths for which no Bragg grating can be established. We also demonstrate the production of a SLP directly from a propagating light pulse without prior storage. Being easily controlled externally makes SLPs a very versatile tool for low-light-level nonlinear optics and quantum information manipulation.

physics.optics↗

Nanophotonic control of Forster Resonance Energy Transfer

Here we report on the experimental details of a study on the influence of the photonic environment on the emission of a FRET system. We modified the local density of optical states (LDOS) by placing the FRET system at precisely defined distances to a metallic mirror. We measured the energy donor lifetime in the presence of the FRET acceptor and the lifetime of an identical sample lacking an acceptor fluorophore for different LDOS. From the lifetimes we determined the FRET rate as well as the FRET efficiency for each sampled LDOS.

physics.chem-ph↗

Quantum Illumination at the Microwave Wavelengths

Quantum illumination is a quantum-optical sensing technique in which an entangled source is exploited to improve the detection of a low-reflectivity object that is immersed in a bright thermal background. Here we describe and analyze a system for applying this technique at microwave frequencies, a more appropriate spectral region for target detection than the optical, due to the naturally-occurring bright thermal background in the microwave regime. We use an electro-optomechanical converter to entangle microwave signal and optical idler fields, with the former being sent to probe the target region and the latter being retained at the source. The microwave radiation collected from the target region is then phase conjugated and upconverted into an optical field that is combined with the retained idler in a joint-detection quantum measurement. The error probability of this microwave quantum-illumination system, or quantum radar, is shown to be superior to that of any classical microwave radar of equal transmitted energy.

quant-ph↗

Quantum propulsion and trapping of nano-objects by inhomogeneity-induced lateral Casimir forces

Lateral Casimir force near a laterally-inhomogeneous plate is first revealed by both rigorous simulations and proximity approximations. The inhomogeneity-induced lateral Casimir force provides a novel method to control the lateral motion of nano-objects above the plate, and makes source-free manipulations of them possible. When incorporated with the Casimir repulsion in a fluid, the lateral Casimir force is shown to dominate over Brownian motion and enables long-distance quantum propulsion and firm quantum trapping of nano-objects. Gratings of varying filling factors to mimic micro-scale inhomogeneity also confirm those effects. The idea to design asymmetric distributions of nano-structures paves the way to sophisticated tailoring of the lateral Casimir force.

physics.optics↗

Polarization diversity close to the optical bound states in the continuum

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) realized in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal slabs (PhCSs) have attracted considerable attentions, owing to the advantages in the fabrications and on-chip applications. The polarization vortex centered at BICs in the momentum space displayed by the linear polarization vectors of far-field radiation is a striking property of BICs. Here, by constructing BICs at K point in photonic graphenes, we theoretically demonstrate that the far-field polarization states close to BICs can exhibit remarkable polarization diversity. Interestingly, C-points (circular polarizations) close to BIC at K point are observed. Thus, we propose that, along a closed loop enclosing BICs in the momentum space, the trajectory of the far-field polarization states on the shell of the Poincare sphere could provide a general and straightforward means to characterize the topological natures of BICs. The topological charge carried by the BIC can be defined by the half of the winding number of the trajectory around the S3 axis, which is an integer and half integer for the non-degenerate and double-degenerate BICs at K point, respectively. Our findings could open a gateway towards the applications of BICs in lasers with full polarizations and the generation and manipulation of vector beams of light.

physics.optics↗

Floquet engineering of optical nonlinearities: a quantum many-body approach

Subjecting a physical system to a time-periodic drive can substantially modify its properties and applications. This Floquet-engineering approach has been extensively applied to a wide range of classical and quantum settings in view of designing synthetic systems with exotic properties. Considering a general class of two-mode nonlinear optical devices, we show that effective optical nonlinearities can be created by subjecting the light field to a repeated pulse sequence, which couples the two modes in a fast and time-periodic manner. The strength of these drive-induced optical nonlinearities, which include an emerging four-wave mixing, can be varied by simply adjusting the pulse sequence. This leads to topological changes in the system's phase space, which can be detected through light intensity and phase measurements. Our proposal builds on an effective-Hamiltonian approach, which derives from a parent quantum many-body Hamiltonian describing driven interacting bosons. As a corollary, our results equally apply to Bose-Einstein condensates in driven double-well potentials, where pair tunneling effectively arises from the periodic pulse sequence. Our scheme offers a practical route to engineer and finely tune exotic nonlinearities and interactions in photonics and ultracold quantum gases.

physics.optics↗

Photonic quantum walk in a single beam with twisted light

Inspired by the classical phenomenon of random walk, the concept of quantum walk has emerged recently as a powerful platform for the dynamical simulation of complex quantum systems, entanglement production and universal quantum computation. Such a wide perspective motivates a renewing search for efficient, scalable and stable implementations of this quantum process. Photonic approaches have hitherto mainly focused on multi-path schemes, requiring interferometric stability and a number of optical elements that scales quadratically with the number of steps. Here we report the experimental realization of a quantum walk taking place in the orbital angular momentum space of light, both for a single photon and for two simultaneous indistinguishable photons. The whole process develops in a single light beam, with no need of interferometers, and requires optical resources scaling linearly with the number of steps. Our demonstration introduces a novel versatile photonic platform for implementing quantum simulations, based on exploiting the transverse modes of a single light beam as quantum degrees of freedom.

quant-ph↗

Strong Interactions in Multimode Random Lasers

Unlike conventional lasers, diffusive random lasers (DRLs) have no resonator to trap light and no high-Q resonances to support lasing. Due to this lack of sharp resonances the DRL has presented a challenge to conventional laser theory. We present a theory able to treat the DRL rigorously, and provide results on the lasing spectra, internal fields and output intensities of DRLs. Typically DRLs are highly multimode lasers, emitting light at a number of wavelengths. We show that the modal interactions through the gain medium in such lasers are extremely strong and lead to a uniformly spaced frequency spectrum, in agreement with recent experimental observations.

physics.optics↗

Inverse design of a 1D dielectric metasurface by topology optimization: fluctuations-trend analysis assisted by a diamond-square algorithm

We present a topology optimization (TO) method for a 1D dielectric metasurface, coupling the classical trend-fluctuations analysis (FTA) and the diamond-square-algorithm (DSA). In the classical FTA, a couple of device distributions termed Fluctuation or mother and Trends or father, with specific spectra is initially generated. The spectral properties of the trend function, allow to target efficiently the basin of optimal solutions. For optimizing a 1D metasurface to deflect a normally incident plane wave into a given deflecting angle, a cosine-like function has been identified to be an optimal father profile allowing to efficiently target a basin of local minima. However there is no efficient method to predict the father profile number of oscillations that effectively allows to avoid undesirable local optima. It would be natural to suggest a randomization of the variable which controls the number of oscillations of the father function. However, one of the main drawbacks of the randomness searching process is that, combined with a gradient method, the algorithm can target, undesirable local minima. The method proposed in this paper improves the possibility of the classical FTA to avoid the trapping of undesirable local optimal solutions. This is accomplished by extending the initial candidate family to higher quality offspring that are generated thanks to a diamond-square-algorithm (DSA). Doing so, ensures that the main features of the best trends are stored in the genes of all Offspring structures.

physics.optics↗