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arXiv2014

An Educational Kit Based on a Modular Silicon Photomultiplier System

Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPM) are state of the art light detectors with unprecedented single photon sensitivity and photon number resolving capability, representing a breakthrough in several fundamental and applied Science domains. An educational experiment based on a SiPM set-up is proposed in this article, guiding the student towards a comprehensive knowledge of this sensor technology while experiencing the quantum nature of light and exploring the statistical properties of the light pulses emitted by a LED.

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arXiv2013

The Pandora Particle Flow Algorithm

A high-energy e+e- collider, such as the ILC or CLIC, is arguably the best option to complement and extend the LHC physics programme. A lepton collider will allow for exploration of Standard Model Physics, such as precise measurements of the Higgs, top and gauge sectors, in addition to enabling a multitude of New Physics searches. However, physics analyses at such a collider will place unprecedented demands on calorimetry, with a required jet energy resolution of σ(E)/E < 3.5%. To meet these requirements will need a new approach to calorimetry. The particle flow approach to calorimetry requires both fine granularity detectors and sophisticated software algorithms. It promises to deliver unparalleled jet energy resolution by fully reconstructing the paths of individual particles through the detector. The energies of charged particles can then be extracted from precise inner detector tracker measurements, whilst photon energies will be measured in the ECAL, and only neutral hadron energies (10% of jet energies) will be measured in the HCAL, largely avoiding the typically poor HCAL resolution. This document introduces the Pandora particle flow algorithms, which offer the current state of the art in particle flow calorimetry for the ILC and CLIC. The performance of the algorithms is investigated by examining the reconstructed jet energy resolution and the ability to separate the hadronic decays of W and Z bosons.

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arXiv2013

High Intensity Secondary Beams Driven by Protons

As part of the Intensity Frontier effort within the 2013 Community Summer Study, a workshop on the proton machine capabilities was held (High Intensity Secondary Beams Driven by Proton Beams) April 17-20, 2013 at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, NY. Primary aims of the workshop were to understand: 1) the beam requirements for proposed high intensity proton beam based measurements; 2) the capabilities of existing world-wide high power proton machines; 3) proton facility upgrade plans and proposals for new facilities; 4) and to document the R&D needs for proton accelerators and target systems needed to support proposed intensity frontier measurements. These questions are addressed in this summary.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2013

The Next Generation of Crystal Detectors

Heavy crystal scintillators are used widely in HEP experiments for precision measurements of photons and electrons. Future HEP experiments, however, require crystal scintillators of more bright, more fast, more radiation hard and less cost. This paper discusses several R&D directions for the next generation of crystal detectors for future HEP experiments.

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arXiv2013

Vacuum Compatibility of 3D-Printed Materials

The fabrication fidelity and vacuum properties are tested for currently available 3D-printed materials including polyamide, glass, acrylic, and sterling silver. The silver was the only material found to be suitable to ultrahigh vacuum environments due to outgassing and sublimation observed in other materials.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2013

Development of A Modified Quasi-periodic Undulator for HLS

A modified quasi periodic undulator (QPU) is developed and to be installed at Hefei Light Source (HLS).Magnet dimensions optimization is applied. High harmonics contamination is eliminated from the fundamental emission effectively according to the field tests. The depression ratio of 3rd harmonic is increased by an order of magnitude than the current device with other harmonics well reduced simultaneously. The significance of the modification measure is verified practically. The design, measurement and commissioning of the device is described.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2013

Experimental study of plasma window

Plasma window is an advanced apparatus which can work as the interface between vacuum and high pressure region. It can be used in many applications which need atmosphere-vacuum interface, such as gas target, electron beam welding, synchrotron radiation and spallation neutron source. A test bench of plasma window is constructed in Peking University. A series of experiments and corresponding parameter measurements have been presented in this article. The experiment result indicates the feasibility of such a facility acting as an interface between vacuum and high pressure region.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2013

A general detector testing system using cosmic rays

A cosmic ray hodoscope with two-dimensional spacial sensitivity and good time resolution has been developed. The system is designed to use the cosmic muons as probes to test the performances of charged particle sensitive detectors. This paper will present the structure of this system, the timing calibration and the resulted performance of this system. The results of the test of the prototype electron detector for LHAASO project are presented as well.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2013

Development of Imaging Calorimetry

This paper will argue for continued effort in developing imaging calorimeters for future colliders and/or upgrades to existing detectors. Imaging calorimeters offer a plethora of advantages beyond their application in conjunction with Particle Flow Algorithms. Further R&D is needed to turn the first generation prototypes into viable detectors for colliding beam experiments.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2013

SNOWMASS WHITE PAPER - SLHC Endcap 1.4<y<4 Hadron Optical Calorimetry Upgrades in CMS with Applications to NLC/T-LEP, Intensity Frontier, and Beyond

Radiation damage in the plastic scintillator and/or readout WLS fibers in the HE endcap calorimeter 1.4<y<4 in the CMS experiment at LHC and SLHC will require remediation after 2018. We describe one alternative using the existing brass absorber in the Endcap calorimeter, to replace the plastic scintillator tiles with BaF2 tiles, or quartz tiles coated with thin(1-5 micron) films of radiation-hard pTerphenyl(pTP) or the fast phosphor ZnO:Ga. These tiles would be read-out by easily replaceable arrays of straight, parallel WLS fibers coupled to clear plastic-cladded quartz fibers of proven radiation resistance. We describe a second alternative with a new absorber matrix extending to 1.4<y<4 in a novel Analog Particle Flow Cerenkov Compensated Calorimeter, using a dual readout of quartz tiles and scintillating (plastic, BaF2, or pTP/ ZnO:Ga thin film coated quartz, or liquid scintillator) tiles, also using easily replaceable arrays of parallel WLS fibers coupled to clear quartz transmitting fibers for readout. An Analog Particle Flow Scintillator-Cerenkov Compensated Calorimeter has application in NLC/T-LEP detectors and Intensity Frontier detectors.

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arXiv2013

The LHeC Detector

The Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) is a proposed upgrade to the LHC, to provide high energy, high luminosity electron-proton collisions to run concurrently with Phase 2 of the LHC. The baseline design of a detector for the LHeC is described, driven by the requirements from the projected physics programme and including some preliminary results from first simulations.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2013

Quartz Plate Calorimetry for CMS HE Upgrade

Analysis of the CMS data and the simulation prediction based on these results indicate that the performance of the current scintillators in the CMS Hadron Endcap Calorimeter (HE) tiles will degrade dramatically in the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era. In order to continue the physics program in this region, the HE tiles will need to be replaced. The new tiles should have comparable/improved performance, be radiation hard, reliable and robust.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2013

A complete demonstrator of a muon cooled Higgs factory

The recent discovery of the Higgs particle of 125 GeV has revised the interest of the so-called Higgs factory, namely of a mu+mu- collider with adequately cooled intensity of about 6 10^12 muons of each sign, a repetition rate of 15-50 p/s and a luminosity of up to 10^32 cm-2 s-1. The process is the direct production of a H_0 scalar in the s-state. Its partial widths can be studied in clean conditions and with remarkable accuracy. The Ho mass itself can be measured to about +-100 keV (deltaE/E <10^-6) in the (WW) channel with the help of the decay frequency of the polarized mu->e nu nu decay electrons. The realization of a cascade of unconventional but very small rings of few meters radius is described, in order to achieve the required longitudinal and transverse emittances. Physics requirements and the many studies already undertaken suggest that the next step, prior to but adequate for a H_0 physics programme, could be the practical realization of a full scale muon cooling demonstrator. The correct operation of the demonstrator may be initially explored with the help of very low intensity muon beam already available in a number of different accelerators. The additional but relatively conventional components necessary to realize the facility with the appropriate luminosity should be constructed only after the success of this initial cooling experiment has been conclusively demonstrated. The ultimate mu+mu- collider for a Higgs Factory can be situated within the existing CERN or FNAL sites.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2013

Pulsed DEMO design assessment studies

Now that ITER is under construction, interest is increasing in the specification and design of the successor machine, a Demonstration Power Plant (DEMO), which in Europe is coordinated by the EFDA Power Plant Physics and Technology programme. This paper summarises the work carried out for EFDA in 2011-2012 on design issues pertinent to a pulsed version of DEMO, intended to be implemented with little or no extrapolation of technology available today. The work was carried out by the Euratom Fusion Associations CCFE, CEA, CRPP, ENEA and KIT, and in addition to a review of recent relevant literature addressed systems code analyses (pulse length vs. size), erosion of plasma facing components, thermomechanical fatigue in the blanket and first wall, a range of energy storage issues, and fatigue life improvements in Nb3Sn CICC superconductors.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2013

nuSTORM - Neutrinos from STORed Muons: Proposal to the Fermilab PAC

The nuSTORM facility has been designed to deliver beams of electron neutrinos and muon neutrinos (and their anti-particles) from the decay of a stored muon beam with a central momentum of 3.8 GeV/c and a momentum acceptance of 10%. The facility is unique in that it will: 1. Allow searches for sterile neutrinos of exquisite sensitivity to be carried out; 2. Serve future long- and short-baseline neutrino-oscillation programs by providing definitive measurements of electron neutrino and muon neutrino scattering cross sections off nuclei with percent-level precision; and 3. Constitutes the crucial first step in the development of muon accelerators as a powerful new technique for particle physics. The document describes the facility in detail and demonstrates its physics capabilities. This document was submitted to the Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee in consideration for Stage I approval.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2013

Instrumentation for the Energy Frontier

The Instrumentation Frontier was set up as a part of the Snowmass 2013 Community Summer Study to examine the instrumentation R&D needed to support particle physics research over the coming decade. This report summarizes the findings of the Energy Frontier subgroup of the Instrumentation Frontier.

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arXiv2013

Measurement and Analysis of Fission Rates in a Spherical Mockup of Uranium and Polyethylene

Measurements of the reaction rate distribution were carried out using two kinds of Plate Micro Fission Chamber(PMFC). The first is a depleted uranium chamber and the second an enriched uranium chamber. The material in the depleted uranium chamber is strictly the same as the material in the uranium assembly. With the equation solution to conduct the isotope contribution correction, the fission rate of 238U and 235U were obtained from the fission rate of depleted uranium and enriched uranium. And then, the fission count of 238U and 235U in an individual uranium shell was obtained. In this work, MCNP5 and continuous energy cross sections ENDF/BV.0 were used for the analysis of fission rate distribution and fission count. The calculated results were compared with the experimental ones. The calculation of fission rate of DU and EU were found to agree with the measured ones within 10% except at the positions in polyethylene region and the two positions near the outer surface. Beacause the fission chamber was not considered in the calculation of the fission counts of 238U and 235U, the calculated results did not agree well with the experimental ones.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2013

Waveform Digitizing for LaBr$_3$/NaI Phoswich Detector

The detection efficiency of phoswich detector starts to decrease when Compton scattering becomes significant. Events with energy deposit in both scintillators, if not rejected, are not useful for spectral analysis as the full energy of the incident photon cannot be reconstructed with conventional readout. We show that once the system response is carefully calibrated, the full energy of those double deposit events can be reconstructed using a waveform digitizer as the readout. Our experiment suggests that the efficiency of photopeak at 662 keV can be increased by a factor of 2 given our LaBr$_3$/NaI phoswich detector.

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