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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
arXiv2013

Squeezing through: capsule or bubble?

In this fluid dynamics video, we compare the deformation of two flexible particles as they propagate through a sudden constriction of a liquid filled channel under constant-flux flow: a gas bubble, and a capsule formed by encapsulating a liquid droplet in a cross-linked polymeric membrane. Both bubble and capsule adopt highly contorted configurations as they squeeze through the constriction, exhibit broadly similar features over a wide range of flow rates, and rupture for sufficiently high flow rates. However, at flow rates prior to rupture, certain features of the deformation allow bubble and capsule to be distinguished: bubbles exhibit a tip-streaming singularity associated with critical thinning of the rear of the bubble, while the capsule membrane wrinkles under large compressive stresses induced by the constriction.

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arXiv2013

Fluid juggling

This fluid dynamics video is an entry for the Gallery of Fluid Motion for the 66th Annual Meeting of the Fluid Dynamics Division of the American Physical Society. We show the curious behaviour of a light ball interacting with a liquid jet. For certain conditions, a ball can be suspended into a slightly inclined liquid jet. We studied this phenomenon using a high speed camera. The visualizations show that the object can be `juggled' for a variety of flow conditions. A simple calculation showed that the ball remains at a stable position due to a Bernoulli-like effect. The phenomenon is very stable and easy to reproduce.

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arXiv2013

Dynamics of Coalescence-Induced Jumping Water Droplets

This fluid dynamics video shows the different interaction mechanisms of coalescence-induced droplet jumping during condensation on a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface. High speed imaging was used to show jumping behavior on superhydrophobic copper oxide and carbon nanotube surfaces. Videos demonstrating multi-jumping droplets, jumping droplet return to the surface, and droplet-droplet electrostatic repulsions were analyzed. Experiments using external electric fields in conjunction with high speed imaging in a custom built experimental chamber were used to show that all coalescence-induced jumping droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces become positively charged upon leaving the surface, which is detailed in the video.

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arXiv2013

Hydrodynamic causes and effects of air bubbles rising in very viscous media

Detailed understanding of two-phase gas liquid flows is imperative for developing efficient multi-phase reactors through precise control of mixing and reaction kinetics. The bubble column is a good apparatus for elementary studies of such flows. In the current study experiments are conducted to assess the effect of liquid viscosity on flow dynamics inside a bubble column. Corn oil and water are used as the continuous media, and air was the dispersed media. The objective of this effort is to use the results for a qualitative validation of the numerical simulations.

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arXiv2013

Magnetocapillary Swimmers

We present an experiment where three mesoscopic soft ferromagnetic beads are placed onto a liquid surface and submitted to the influence of magnetic fields. A vertical magnetic field creates a repulsion which counterbalances the capillary attraction. We show that the competition with a second, oscillating field, deforms the structure in a non reciprocal way. As a consequence, the structure is able to swim. This experiment is fully described in a fluid dynamics video attached to this submission.

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arXiv2013

Generation of Fine Particles with Specified Characteristics

The research is devoted to the generation of fine particles and droplet flows with specified characteristics for a wide range of scientific problems. The aspects of aerodynamic fine atomization and the effects of atomizing gas density, gas velocity and mass flow rate, and liquid film thickness on the droplet formation are investigated. The hypothesis of highly efficient utilization of secondary droplets from a coarse polydisperse flow to produce fine particles is suggested and experimentally confirmed. A prototype device to implement the idea of separating the desired droplets fraction from a primary polydisperse flow was developed. In the case of fine liquid atomization, the developed spraying system enabled an increase in the gas-droplet flow concentration. The possibility of producing particles with different dispersiveness and morphology by employing the methods of spray separation and dilute solution atomization is demonstrated. The criteria of the system settings to generate the droplet flow with specified characteristics were determined. A Laval nozzle design is suggested for liquid atomization. A series of numerical experiments showed that a significant decrease in gas pressure (density) at the nozzle outlet provides an increase in the gas flow rate. The numerical estimation showed that the Laval nozzle proposed can improve the fine atomization efficiency by 30 percent.

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arXiv2013

Wrinkly fingers: the interaction between fluid- and solid-based instabilities in elastic-walled Hele-Shaw cells

In this fluid dynamics video, we study a two-phase flow in an elastic Hele-Shaw cell that involves two distinct fluid- and solid-based instabilities: viscous fingering and sheet buckling. We show that the relative importance of the two instabilities is controlled by a single non-dimensional parameter, which provides a measure of the elasticity of the flexible wall. We employ numerical simulations to show that for relatively stiff [soft] walls, the system's behaviour is dominated by viscous fingering [sheet buckling]. Strong interactions between the two instabilities arise in an intermediate regime and lead to the development of extremely complex fingering and buckling patterns.

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arXiv2013

Supersonic Jet Excitation using Flapping Injection

Supersonic jet noise reduction is important for high speed military aircraft. Lower acoustic levels would reduce structural fatigue leading to longer lifetime of the jet aircraft. It is not solely structural aspects which are of importance, health issues of the pilot and the airfield per- sonnel are also very important, as high acoustic levels may result in severe hearing damage. It remains a major challenge to reduce the overall noise levels of the aircraft, where the supersonic exhaust is the main noise source for near ground operation. Fluidic injection into the supersonic jet at the nozzle exhaust has been shown as a promising method for noise reduction. It has been shown to speed up the mix- ing process of the main jet, hence reducing the kinetic energy level of the jet and the power of the total acoustic radiation. Furthermore, the interaction mechanism between the fluidic injection and the shock structure in the jet exhaust plays a crucial role in the total noise radia- tion. In this study, LES is used to investigate the change in flow struc- tures of a supersonic (M=1.56) jet from a converging-diverging nozzle. Six fluidic actuators, evenly distributed around the nozzle exit, inject air in a radial direction towards the main flow axis with a total mass flow ratio of 3%. Steady injection is compared with flapping injection. With flapping injection turned on, the injection angle of each injector is varied sinusoidally in the nozzle exit plane and the variation is the same for all injectors. This fluid dynamics video is submitted to the APS DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion 2013 at the 66 the Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society, Division of Fluid Dynamics (24-26 November, Pittsburgh, PA, USA).

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arXiv2013

Elucidating the turbulence nature of the intracardiac flow: from medical images to multi-cycle Large Eddy Simulations

This brief article accompanies a fluid dynamics video presenting the results of a large-eddy simulation of the flow in a realistic left heart. The left heart geometry, from the pulmonary veins to the aortic root, is extracted from medical images and the endocardium movements are reconstructed through image registration. Large-eddy simulations are thus performed in a patient-specific heart model, where the patient-specific movements of the geometry are prescribed. The flow obtained is intermittent, showing both in the left atrium and in the left ventricle turbulent spots correlated to flow decelerations.

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arXiv2013

Droplets on a Tilted Plate

In this short paper we present a fluid dynamics video of the deformation of droplets when tilted on a motorized stage. This is a submission to the 2013 Gallery of Fluid Motion which is part of the 66th annual meeting of APS-DFD. The video shows how differently placed droplets on the same surface will show a universal behaviour when tilted back and forth.

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arXiv2013

Clustering of inertial cloud droplets in isotropic turbulence

This article accompanies the submission of a fluid dynamics video (entry 102248) of inertial cloud droplet clustering in isotropic turbulence for the Gallery of Fluid Motion of the 66th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society, Division of Fluid Dynamics.

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arXiv2013

Dropping the Ball: The effect of anisotropic granular materials on ejecta and impact crater shape

In this fluid dynamics video, we present an experimental investigation of the shape of impact craters in granular materials. Complex crater shapes, including polygons, have been observed in many terrestrial planets as well as moons and asteroids. We release spherical projectiles from different heights above a granular bed (sand). The experiments demonstrate two different techniques to create non-circular impact craters, which we measure by digitizing the final crater topography. In the first method, we create trenches in the sand to mimic fault lines or valleys on a planetary target. During impact, ejecta move faster in the direction of the trenches, creating nearly elliptical craters with the major axis running parallel to the trench. Larger trenches lead to more oblong craters. In the second method, a hose beneath the surface of the sand injects nitrogen gas. The pressure of the gas counters the hydrostatic pressure of the sand, greatly reducing static friction between grains above the injection point, without disturbing the surface. The affected sand has lower resistance to impact, creating a knob in the otherwise circular crater rim.

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arXiv2013

Wake Turbulence of Two NREL 5-MW Wind Turbines Immersed in a Neutral Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Flow

The fluid dynamics video considers an array of two NREL 5-MW turbines separated by seven rotor diameters in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The neutral atmospheric boundary-layer flow data were obtained from a precursor ABL simulation using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) framework within OpenFOAM. The mean wind speed at hub height is 8m/s, and the surface roughness is 0.2m. The actuator line method (ALM) is used to model the wind turbine blades by means of body forces added to the momentum equation. The fluid dynamics video shows the root and tip vortices emanating from the blades from various viewpoints. The vortices become unstable and break down into large-scale turbulent structures. As the wakes of the wind turbines advect further downstream, smaller-scale turbulence is generated. It is apparent that vortices generated by the blades of the downstream wind turbine break down faster due to increased turbulence levels generated by the wake of the upstream wind turbine.

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arXiv2013

Electrokinetically Driven Reversible Banding of Colloidal Particles Near the Wall

This fluid dynamics video, presented at the 66th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Fluid Dynamics (Pittsburgh, PA), shows how dielectric colloidal polystyrene (PS) particles with a negative surface charge in a dilute suspension flowing through a microchannel can be manipulated and assembled into streamwise structures by using a combination of shear and an applied negative electric field along the streamwise direction. Interestingly, these structures are only observed within about 1 um of the wall, which also has a negative surface charge, and are not present in the bulk flow.

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arXiv2013

Impinging Jet Resonant Modes at Mach 1.5

High speed impinging jets have been the focus of several studies owing to their practical application and resonance dominated flow-field. The current study focuses on the identification and visualization of the resonant modes at certain critical impingement heights for a Mach 1.5 normally impinging jet. These modes are associated with high amplitude, discrete peaks in the power spectra and can be identified as having either axisymmetric or azimuthal modes. Their visualization is accomplished through phase-locked Schlieren imaging and fast-response pressure sensitive paint (PC-PSP) applied to the ground plane.

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arXiv2013

Compressible Flows in Fluidic Oscillators

We present qualitative observations on the internal flow characteristics of fluidic oscillator geometries commonly referred to as sweeping jets in active flow control applications. This is part of the fluid dynamics videos.

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