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The correlation functions for a strongly correlated exactly solvable one-dimensional boson system on a finite chain as well as in the thermodynamic limit are calculated explicitly. This system which we call the phase model is the strong coupling limit of the integrable q-boson hopping model. The results are presented as determinants.
A free field representation for the type $I$ vertex operators and the corner transfer matrices of the eight-vertex model is proposed. The construction uses the vertex-face correspondence, which makes it possible to express correlation functions of the eight-vertex model in terms of correlation functions of the SOS model with a nonlocal insertion. This new nonlocal insertion admits of a free field representation in terms of Lukyanov's screening operator. The spectrum of the corner transfer matrix and the Baxter--Kelland formula for the average staggered polarization have been reproduced.
Form factor sequences of an integrable QFT can be defined axiomatically as solutions of a system of recursive functional equations, known as ``form factor equations''. We show that their solution can be replaced with the study of the representation theory of a novel algebra F(S). It is associated with a given two-particle S-matrix and has the following features: (i) It contains a double TTS algebra as a subalgebra. (ii) Form factors arise as thermal vector states over F(S) of temperature 1/2π. The thermal ground states are in correspondence to the local operators of the QFT. (iii) The underlying `finite temperature structure' is indirectly related to the ``Unruh effect'' in Rindler spacetime. In F(S) it is manifest through modular structures (j,δ) in the sense of algebraic QFT, which can be implemented explicitly in terms of the TTS generators.
Boundary conditions changing operators have played an important role in conformal field theory. Here, we study their equivalent in the case where a mass scale is introduced, in an integrable way, either in the bulk or at the boundary. More precisely, we propose an axiomatic approach to determine the general scalar products ${}_b<θ_1, ... ,θ_m||θ'_1, ... ,θ'_{n}>_a$ between asymptotic states in the Hilbert spaces with $a$ and $b$ boundary conditions respectively, and compute these scalar products explicitely in the case of the Ising and sinh-Gordon models with a mass and a boundary interaction. These quantities can be used to study statistical systems with inhomogeneous boundary conditions, and, more interestingly maybe, dynamical problems in quantum impurity problems. As an example, we obtain a series of new exact results for the transition probability in the double well problem of dissipative quantum mechanics.
The quantum nonrelativistic two-component Bose and Fermi gases with the infinitely strong point-like coupling between particles in one space dimension are considered. Time and temperature dependent correlation functions are represented in the thermodynamic limit as Fredholm determinants of integrable linear integral operators.
This work is concerned with various aspects of the formulation of the quantum inverse scattering method for the one-dimensional Hubbard model. We first establish the essential tools to solve the eigenvalue problem for the transfer matrix of the classical ``covering'' Hubbard model within the algebraic Bethe Ansatz framework. The fundamental commutation rules exhibit a hidden 6-vertex symmetry which plays a crucial role in the whole algebraic construction. Next we apply this formalism to study the SU(2) highest weights properties of the eigenvectors and the solution of a related coupled spin model with twisted boundary conditions. The machinery developed in this paper is applicable to many other models, and as an example we present the algebraic solution of the Bariev XY coupled model.
We propose a new integrable N=2 supersymmetric Toda lattice hierarchy which may be relevant for constructing a supersymmetric one-matrix model. We define its first two Hamiltonian structures, the recursion operator and Lax--pair representation. We provide partial evidence for the existence of an infinite-dimensional N=2 superalgebra of its flows. We study its bosonic limit and introduce new Lax-pair representations for the bosonic Toda lattice hierarchy. Finally we discuss the relevance this approach for constructing N=2 supersymmetric generalized Toda lattice hierarchies.
We consider both closed and open integrable antiferromagnetic chains constructed with the SU(N)-invariant R matrix. For the closed chain, we extend the analyses of Sutherland and Kulish-Reshetikhin by considering also complex ``string'' solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations. Such solutions are essential to describe general multiparticle excited states. We also explicitly determine the SU(N) quantum numbers of the states. In particular, the model has particle-like excitations in the fundamental representations [k] of SU(N), with k = 1, ..., N-1. We directly compute the complete two-particle S matrices for the cases [1] X [1] and [1] X [N-1]. For the open chain with diagonal boundary fields, we show that the transfer matrix has the symmetry SU(l) X SU(N-l) X U(1), as well as a new ``duality'' symmetry which interchanges l and N - l. With the help of these symmetries, we compute by means of the Bethe Ansatz for particles of types [1] and [N-1] the corresponding boundary S matrices.
The general solution of the two-dimensional integrable generalization of the f-Toda chain with fixed ends is explicitly presented in terms of matrix elements of various fundamental representations of the SL(n|n-1) supergroup. The dominant role of the representation theory of graded Lie algebras in the problem of constructing integrable mappings and lattices is demonstrated.
The zero curvature representation for two dimensional integrable models is generalized to spacetimes of dimension d+1 by the introduction of a d-form connection. The new generalized zero curvature conditions can be used to represent the equations of motion of some relativistic invariant field theories of physical interest in 2+1 dimensions (BF theories, Chern-Simons, 2+1 gravity and the CP^1 model) and 3+1 dimensions (self-dual Yang-Mills theory and the Bogomolny equations). Our approach leads to new methods of constructing conserved currents and solutions. In a submodel of the 2+1 dimensional CP^1 model, we explicitly construct an infinite number of previously unknown nontrivial conserved currents. For each positive integer spin representation of sl(2) we construct 2j+1 conserved currents leading to 2j+1 Lorentz scalar charges.
We construct a Lax pair with spectral parameter for the elliptic Calogero-Moser Hamiltonian systems associated with each of the finite dimensional Lie algebras, of the classical and of the exceptional type. When the spectral parameter equals one of the three half periods of the elliptic curve, our result for the classical Lie algebras reduces to one of the Lax pairs without spectral parameter that were known previously. These Calogero-Moser systems are invariant under the Weyl group of the associated untwisted affine Lie algebra. For non-simply laced Lie algebras, we introduce new integrable systems, naturally associated with twisted affine Lie algebras, and construct their Lax operators with spectral parameter (except in the case of $G_2$).
One object of interest in random matrix theory is a family of point ensembles (random point configurations) related to various systems of classical orthogonal polynomials. The paper deals with a one--parametric deformation of these ensembles, which is defined in terms of the biorthogonal polynomials of Jacobi, Laguerre and Hermite type. Our main result is a series of explicit expressions for the correlation functions in the scaling limit (as the number of points goes to infinity). As in the classical case, the correlation functions have determinantal form. They are given by certain new kernels which are described in terms of the Wright's generalized Bessel function and can be viewed as a generalization of the well--known sine and Bessel kernels. In contrast to the conventional kernels, the new kernels are non--symmetric. However, they possess other, rather surprising, symmetry properties. Our approach to finding the limit kernel also differs from the conventional one, because of lack of a simple explicit Christoffel--Darboux formula for the biorthogonal polynomials.
By using a class of `anyon like' representations of permutation algebra, which pick up nontrivial phase factors while interchanging the spins of two lattice sites, we construct some integrable variants of $SU(M)$ Haldane-Shastry (HS) spin chain. Lax pairs and conserved quantities for these spin chains are also found and it is established that these models exhibit multi-parameter deformed or nonstandard variants of $Y(gl_M)$ Yangian symmetry. Moreover, by projecting the eigenstates of Dunkl operators in a suitable way, we derive a class of exact eigenfunctions for such HS like spin chain and subsequently conjecture that these exact eigenfunctions would lead to the highest weight states associated with a multi-parameter deformed or nonstandard variant of $Y(gl_M)$ Yangian algebra. By using this conjecture, and acting descendent operator on the highest weight states associated with a nonstandard $Y(gl_2)$ Yangian algebra, we are able to find out the complete set of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the related HS like spin-${1\over 2}$ chain. It turns out that some additional energy levels, which are forbidden due to a selection rule in the case of SU(2) HS model, interestingly appear in the spectrum of above mentioned HS like spin chain having nonstandard $Y(gl_2)$ Yangian symmetry.
We construct new non-diagonal solutions to the boundary Yang-Baxter-Equation corresponding to a two-dimensional field theory with U_q(a_2^(1)) quantum affine symmetry on a half-line. The requirements of boundary unitarity and boundary crossing symmetry are then used to find overall scalar factors which lead to consistent reflection matrices. Using the boundary bootstrap equations we also compute the reflection factors for scalar bound states (breathers). These breathers are expected to be identified with the fundamental quantum particles in a_2^(1) affine Toda field theory and we therefore obtain a conjecture for the affine Toda reflection factors. We compare these factors with known classical results and discuss their duality properties and their connections with particular boundary conditions.
The semiclassical limit of the algebraic quantum inverse scattering method is used to solve the theory of the Gaudin model. Via Off-shell Bethe ansatz equations of an integrable representation of the graded osp(1|2) vertex model we find the spectrum of N-1 independent Hamiltonians of Gaudin. Integral representations of the N-point correlators are presented as solutions of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation. These results are extended for highest representations of the osp(1|2) Gaudin algebra.
We construct generalizations of the Calogero-Sutherland-Moser system by appropriately reducing a classical Calogero model by a subset of its discrete symmetries. Such reductions reproduce all known variants of these systems, including some recently obtained generalizations of the spin-Sutherland model, and lead to further generalizations of the elliptic model involving spins with SU(n) non-invariant couplings.
Locality is analyzed for Toda field theories by noting novel chiral description in the conventional nonchiral formalism. It is shown that the canonicity of the interacting to free field mapping described by the classical solution is automatically guaranteed by the locality. Quantum Toda theories are investigated by applying the method of free field quantization. We give Toda exponential operators associated with fundamental weight vectors as bilinear forms of chiral fields satisfying characteristic quantum exchange algebra. It is shown that the locality leads to nontrivial relations among the ${\cal R}$-matrix and the expansion coefficients of the exponential operators. The Toda exponentials are obtained for $A_2$-system by extending the algebraic method developed for Liouville theory. The canonical commutation relations and the operatorial field equations are also examined.
An infinite class of fermionic flows of the N=(1|1) superconformal Toda lattice hierarchy is constructed and their algebraic structure is studied. We completely solve the semi-infinite N=(1|1) Toda lattice and chain hierarchies and derive their tau functions, which may be relevant for building supersymmetric matrix models. Their bosonic limit is also discussed.