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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

arXiv2013

Hydrodynamics in the wake of a pitching foil

The effect of flexibility on the hydrodynamic loads and on the flow structures generated on a rectangular foil when oscillating in pitch has been studied. Hydrodynamic loads were measured with a 6-axes balance, and the flow structures were investigated by using a Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV). It is known from nature's fin based propulsion mechanisms, that appendage stiffness plays an important role in their propulsive efficiency. We have studied four different stiffnesses, ranging from completely rigid to highly flexible. Optimal efficiency has been observed for an intermediate case. In this case, a moderately stronger trailing-edge vortex system takes place. A very high level of flexibility of the foil results in a reduction of efficiency.

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arXiv2013

It's Alive! Spontaneous Motion of Shear Thickening Fluids Floating on the Air-Water Interface

In this fluid dynamics video, we show the spontaneous random motion of thin filaments of a shear-thickening colloidal dispersions floating on the surface of water. The fluid is a dispersion of fumed silica nanoparticles in a low molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG) solvent. No external field or force is applied. The observed motion is driven by strong surface tension gradients as the polypropylene glycol slowly diffuses from from the filaments into water, resulting in the observed Marangoni flow. The motion is exaggerated by the thin filament constructs by the attractive interactions between silica nanoparticles and the PPG.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Flying with Abrupt Wing Flapping: Damselfly in Darting Flight

Damselflies show abrupt, darting flight, which is the envy of aero-engineers. This amazing ability is used both to capture prey and, by males, to establish territories that can attract females. In this work, high-resolution, high-speed videos of a damselfly (Hetaerina Americana) in darting flight were obtained using a photogrammetry system. Using a 3D subdivision surface reconstruction methodology, the damselfly's wing deformation and kinematics were modeled and reconstructed from those videos. High fidelity simulations were then carried out in order to understand vortex formation in both near-field and far-field of damselfly wings and examine the associated aerodynamic performance. A Cartesian grid based sharp interface immersed boundary solver was used to handle such flows in all their complexity.

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arXiv2013

Electro-Osmotic Instability and Chaos near Ion-Selective Surfaces

We present a "fluid dynamics video" showing results from direct numerical simulations of electrokinetic transport in a binary electrolyte in two systems: (1) next to an ion-selective membrane and (2) around a metallic cylinder. The governing equations are the Poisson--Nernst--Planck and Navier--Stokes and our DNS resolves the time and length scales associated with the thin electric double layers. Our results show transition to chaotic dynamics when the applied voltage across the characteristic length scale is above a threshold of approximately 0.5 Volt. More details, in particular regarding system (1), are given in our paper [Druzgalski et al. POF 25, 110804 (2013)].

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Turbulence-Flame Interaction

A fluid dynamics video was created using data from a Direct Numerical Simulation of a premixed n-heptane flame at high Karlovitz number. The magnitude of vorticity and progress variable(a monotonically increasing variable through the flame) illustrate the turbulence-flame interaction.

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arXiv2013

Scrambled and Unscrambled Turbulence

The linked fluid dynamics videos depict Rayleigh-Taylor turbulence when driven by a complex acceleration profile involving two stages of acceleration interspersed with a stage of stabilizing deceleration. Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability occurs at the interface separating two fluids of different densities, when the lighter fluid is accelerated in to the heavier fluid. The turbulent mixing arising from the development of the miscible RT instability is of key importance in the design of Inertial Confinement Fusion capsules, and to the understanding of astrophysical events, such as Type Ia supernovae. By driving this flow with an accel-decel-accel profile, we have investigated how structures in RT turbulence are affected by a sudden change in the direction of the acceleration first from destabilizing acceleration to deceleration, and followed by a restoration of the unstable acceleration. By studying turbulence under such highly non-equilibrium conditions, we hope to develop an understanding of the response and recovery of self-similar turbulence to sudden changes in the driving acceleration.

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arXiv2013

Electrohydrodynamically induced mixing in immiscible multilayer flows

In the present study we investigate electrostatic stabilization mechanisms acting on stratified fluids. Electric fields have been shown to control and even suppress the Rayleigh-Taylor instability when a heavy fluid lies above lighter fluid. From a different perspective, similar techniques can also be used to generate interfacial dynamics in otherwise stable systems. We aim to identify active control protocols in confined geometries that induce time dependent flows in small scale devices without having moving parts. This effect has numerous applications, ranging from mixing phenomena to electric lithography. Two-dimensional computations are carried out and several such protocols are described. We present computational fluid dynamics videos with different underlying mixing strategies, which show promising results.

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arXiv2013

Flows in inkjet-printed aqueous rivulets

We used optical microscopy to investigate flows inside water rivulets that were inkjet-printed onto different surfaces and under different ambient conditions. The acquired fluid dynamics videos were submitted to the 2013 Gallery of Fluid Motion.

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arXiv2013

Flow Control with Dynamic Roughness

The paper discusses a fluid dynamics video showing the use of Dynamic Roughness to reattach upper surface flow on a stalled NACA 0012-based wing.

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arXiv2013

Instabilities by ionic bombardment

This fluid dynamics video is an entry for the Gallery of Fluid Motion of the 66th Annual Meeting of the APS-DFD. This work reveals new types of interfacial instabilities that occur during forced-spreading of dielectric films subjected to ionic bombardment. We demonstrated that keeping the ionic bombardment strength constant, the appearance of instability patterns dramatically changes by varying viscosity of the bombarded droplet.

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arXiv2013

High-frequency capillary waves excited by oscillating microbubbles

This fluid dynamics video shows high-frequency capillary waves excited by the volumetric oscillations of microbubbles near a free surface. The frequency of the capillary waves is controlled by the oscillation frequency of the microbubbles, which are driven by an ultrasound field. Radial capillary waves produced by single bubbles and interference patterns generated by the superposition of capillary waves from multiple bubbles are shown.

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arXiv2013

Underwater Gas Expansion and Deflagration

The underwater combustion of a propane-air mixture in an acrylic cylinder is captured on video from multiple angles. This experiment is designed to provide visual data and pressure time-histories for future CFD validation studies.

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arXiv2013

Uncovering MIT wind myths through micro-climatological CFD analysis

Popular campus myths of unusually strong pedestrian level winds are investigated with a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. The numerical simulations confirm the existence of the reported phenomena and provide a qualitative explanation of their physical mechanisms.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2013

Inertial Rise in Short Capillaries

In this fluid dynamics video we show capillary rise experiments with diethyl ether in short tubes. The height of each short tube is less than the maximum height the liquid can achieve, and therefore the liquid reaches the top of the tube while still rising. Over a narrow range of heights, the ether bulges out from the top of the tube and spreads onto the external wall.

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arXiv2013

Why does a beer bottle foam up after a sudden impact on its mouth?

A sudden vertical impact on the mouth of a beer bottle generates a compression wave that propagates through the glass towards the bottom. When this wave reaches the base of the bottle, it is transmitted to the liquid as an expansion wave that travels to free surface, where it bounces back as a compression wave. This train of expansion-compression waves drives the forced cavitation of existing air pockets, leading to their violent collapse. A cloud of very small daughter bubbles are generated upon these collapses, that expand much faster than their mothers due to their smaller size. These rapidly growing bubble clusters effectively act as buoyancy sources, what leads to the formation of bubble-laden plumes whose void fraction increases quickly by several orders of magnitude, eventually turning most of the liquid into foam.

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arXiv2013

Synchronous Droplet Microfluidics: One "Clock" to rule them all

Controlling fluid droplets efficiently in the microscale is of great interest both from a basic science and a technology perspective. We have designed and developed a general-purpose, highly scalable microfluidic control strategy through a single global clock signal that enables synchronous control of arbitrary number of droplets in a planar geometry. A rotating precessive magnetic field provides a global clock signal, enabling simultaneous control of droplet position, velocity and trajectories. Here, in this fluid dynamics video, we explain the main physics of this new microfluidic concept. Video data from droplets moving in sync in different fluidic circuits are included. The experimental setup is described and video data is analyzed to provide a detailed view of the time-dynamics of propagating droplets. Finally, we explore the operational limits of this concept, scaling and phase diagram with physical regime diagram.

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arXiv2013

Sessile droplet evaporation on superheated superhydrophobic surfaces

This fluid dynamics video depicts the evaporation of sessile water droplets placed on heated superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces of varying cavity fraction, F_c, and surface temperature, T_s, above the saturation temperature, T_sat. Images were captured at 10,000 FPS and are played back at 30 FPS in this video. Teflon-coated silicon surfaces of F_c = 0, 0.5, 0.8, and 0.95 were used for these experiments. T_s ranging from 110°C to 210°C were studied. The video clips show how the boiling behavior of sessile droplets is altered with changes in surface microstructure. Quantitative results from heat transfer rate experiments conducted by the authors are briefly discussed near the end of the video.

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arXiv2013

Liquid Droplet Impact Dynamics on Micro-Patterned Superhydrophobic Surfaces

The video exhibits experimental qualitative and quantitative results of water/glycerol (50%/50% by mass) droplet impact on two types of micro-patterned superhydrophobic surfaces. The two types of surfaces used were 80% cavity fraction ribs and posts with a periodic spacing of 40 μm and 32 μm, respectively. All surfaces were manufactured through photolithography. The impact Weber number is used as the dynamic parameter to compare splash and rebound behaviors between the two types of surfaces. While droplets exhibit similar dynamics at low Weber numbers, rebound jet speed (normalized by droplet impact speed) is notably higher on posts than ribs for all Weber numbers tested here (5 265. On posts, satellite droplets also follow a specific path but in a different orientation. Satellite droplets form in locations aligned with the post lattice structure. This behavior is observed for 600 < We < 750. Jet rebound exhibits an interesting phenomenon on ribs under certain conditions. Due to the uneven shear distribution on the retracting droplet due to the surface anisotropy, two jets form at rebound and are referred to as two-pronged jets. This behavior occurs for 115 < We < 265 on ribs. Two-pronged jets are also observed on posts but are less coherent and less repetitive. This behavior was observed at around 500 < We < 600.

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