SEARCH · Searcharxiv

Results for “physics.gen-ph”

Search indexed arXiv papers on artificial intelligence, large language models, computer vision and robotics. Read source abstracts and follow links to arXiv.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

arXiv2010

Physics beyond Causality

The representations of the world around in physics built with help of causality are analyzed and seems incomplete. The observer's causal representations form a closed logical system, i.e. the compact group related to cause-effect chains. The space-time representations are exactly the background of this closed system and the off-site phenomena exceeded the space-time continuum of the observer are investigated. Off-site phenomena occur responsible for `mysteries and paradoxes' in quantum physics and `dark substances' in modern cosmology. The existing paradigm of cognoscibility is reconsidered and specified. The theory of sets predicts an infinite number of levels of cognition, where the world around seems more and more disordered and chaotic. The possibilities of different levels of cognition are estimated from this point of view. Relativistic and quantum theories operate on different levels of cognition, so their unification in frames of rigorous logical theory seems quite doubtful.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

The Behaviour of Clocks and Rods in Special and General Relativity

While adhering to the formalism of Special and General Relativity, this paper considers the interpretation of clock rates and the rating of clocks in detail. We also pay particular attention to the crucial requirement of reciprocity between inertial frames. Our overriding concern is to bring out a distinction between clocks which run slow (slowly) in the everyday sense and those which record a smaller time interval between specific event pairs - while running at the standard rate. The day by day application of relativistic formalism is not affected, but the underlying physics is changed.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Exponential cosmological redshift in a linearly expanding universe

The first principles analysis of the radiation by an arbitrary source in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker space-time is presented. The obtained analytical solution explicitly shows that the cosmological redshift is not of kinematic origin and that the source and the observer may be regarded as being at rest with respect to eachother at all times. At the same time the effect of the time-variation of the metric on the propagation of light appears to be underestimated in the standard cosmology. The cosmological redshift caused by the linear time-variation of the metric turns out to be an exponential rather than linear function of the well-defined spatial distance and the apparent brightness of the source contains an even stronger exponential decay factor.

physics.class-ph↗

arXiv2009

Cosmological Constant, Classical "Vacuum" and Special Relativity (From the Lorentz boost to the Milgrom acceleration)

We show that Cosmological Constant (CC) is not optional in GR (General Relativity) because it is required by SR (Special Relativity). This completely unexpected result is obtained by introducing a minimal acceleration (Milgrom), square root of CC, in Einstein boost with Lorentz Transformation (LT). We prove that hyperbolic rotation (LT) is an hyperbolic motion with a centrifugal acceleration. In SR with CC (CSR or CR), the universe is not only in expansion (with the law of Hubble) but even in accelerated expansion (cosmological parameter is minus one). Given that the structure of space-time in Einstein's GR is determined by the presence of matter and CC is associated to the absence of matter, we associate CC not to "quantum" vacuum but to classical "vacuum" of Minkowski's space-time (with a renormalization of Minkowski's metric). Finally we show that 1917 Einstein's CC corresponds to 1906 Poincare's non-electromagnetic negative pressure.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Self-interacting quantum electron

A model of self-interacting quantum non-local Dirac's electron has been proposed. Its dynamics was revealed by the projective representation of operators corresponding to spin/charge degrees of freedom. Energy-momentum field is described by the system of quasi-linear "field-shell" PDE's following from the conservation law expressed by the affine parallel transport of the energy momentum vector field in CP(3). I discuss here travel-wave solutions of these equations and the "off-shell" dispersion law asymptotically coinciding with the "on-shell" de Broglie dispersion law.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Electrostatic-gravitational oscillator

We examine the one-dimensional motion of two similarly charged particles under the influence of only two forces, i.e. their Coulombic repulsion and their gravitational attraction, using the relativistic equation of motion. We find that when the rest mass of the two particles is sufficiently small (~ 0.4 eV/c2) and the initial Coulombic potential energy is sufficiently high (~ mpc2, where mp is the proton mass), then the strong gravitational attraction resulting from the relativistic particle velocities suffices to counterbalance the Coulombic repulsion and to cause stable periodic motion of the two particles. The creation of this confined oscillatory state, with a rest mass equal to that of a proton, is shown to be consistent with quantum mechanics by examining the particle de Broglie wavelength and the Klein-Gordon and Schrodinger equations. It is shown that the gravitational constant can be expressed in terms of the proton mass and charge, the vacuum dielectric constant, the Planck constant and the speed of light. It is also shown that gravity can cause confinement of light (~ 0.1 eV/c2) neutral particles (neutrinos), or pairs of a neutral and a charged light particle, in circular orbits of size 0.9 fm and period 10-24 s forming bound neutral or charged hadron states.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Computational Physics and Reality: Looking for Some Overlap at the Blacksmith Shop

The paper describes two general problems encountered in computational assignments at the introductory level. First, novice students often treat computer code as almost magic incantations, and like novices in many fields, have trouble creating new algorithms or procedures to solve novel problems. Second, the nature of computational studies often means that the results generated are interpreted via theoretically devised quantities, which may not meet a student's internal standards for proof when compared to an experimental measurement. The paper then offers a lab/programming assignment, used in a calculus-based physics course, which was devised to address these problems. In the assignment, students created a computational model of the heat flow involved in heating an iron rod in a blacksmith's forge. After creating the simulation, students attended a blacksmithing seminar and had a chance to work with iron and take data on its heating in a coke-fueled forge. On their return to campus, students revised their computational models in light of their experimental data.

physics.ed-ph↗

arXiv2009

Capacitance between Two Points in an Infinite Grid

The capacitance between two adjacent nodes on an infinite square grid of identical capacitors can easily be found by superposition, and the solution is found by explotting the symmetry of the grid. The mathematical problem presented in this work involves the solution of an infinite set of linear, inhomogenous difference equations which are solved by the method of separation of variables.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Resistance Calculation for an infinite Simple Cubic Lattice- Application of Green's Function

It is shown that the resistance between the origin and any lattice point (l,m,n) in an infinite perfect Simple Cubic (SC) is expressed rationally in terms of the known value of G0(0,0,0). The resistance between arbitrary sites in a SC is also studied and calculated when one of the resistors is removed from the perfect lattice. Finally, the asymptotic behavior of the resistance for both the perfect and perturbed SC network is investigated

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Structure and light emission of a Stroemgren system

Stroemgren defined a model made up of an extremely hot source plunged in a constant density, huge, static cloud of low pressure hydrogen. The present studies of this model apply qualitatively with relatively small and cold sources, but without these assumptions, we must take into account that: - the source has, at all frequencies, the spectral radiance of a laser at a single frequency, so that the multi-photon absorption of few lines involves the whole continuous spectrum; - a spherical shell containing large column densities of excited atoms emits strongly super-radiant beams selected by competition of modes; - the long paths in excited atoms allow observations which require in the labs the use of ultrashort laser pulses. A necessary, qualitative update watch that: - the whole continuous spectrum of the source pumps the atoms to excited states, so that almost all energy emitted by the source is transferred to a line spectrum; - the main fraction of this line spectrum is emitted by a strong super-radiance in a spherical shell where the temperature becomes cold enough for a notable de-ionization of the atoms; by competition of modes, a dotted ring appears; - inside the ring, a less bright region emits spontaneously lines made extremely broad by parametric transfers of energy between the light beams and thermal radiation; the intensities of these lines decrease down to zero, from increased laboratory frequencies to decreased frequencies. Supernova remnant 1987A shows these properties.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2014

A general concept of natural information equilibrium: from the ideal gas law to the K-Trumpler effect

Information theory provides shortcuts which allow one to deal with complex systems. The basic idea one uses for this purpose is the maximum entropy principle developed by Jaynes. However, an extension of this maximum entropy principle to systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium or even to non-physical systems is problematic because it requires an adequate choice of constraints. In this paper we discuss a general concept of natural information equilibrium which does not require any choice of adequate constraints. It is, therefore, directly applicable to systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium and to non-physical systems/processes (e.g. biological processes and economical processes). We demonstrate the validity and the applicability of the concept by three well understood physical processes. As an interesting astronomical application we will show that the concept of natural information equilibrium allows one to rationalize and to quantify the K-Trumpler effect.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Fingerprints of a Local Supernova

The results of precise analysis of elements and isotopes in meteorites, comets, the Earth, the Moon, Mars, Jupiter, the solar wind, solar flares, and the solar photosphere since 1960 reveal fingerprints of a local supernova (SN), undiluted by interstellar material. Heterogeneous SN debris formed the planets. The Sun formed on the neutron (n) rich SN core. The ground-state masses of nuclei reveal repulsive n-n interactions that trigger n-emission and a series of nuclear reactions that generate solar luminosity, the solar wind, and the measured flux of solar neutrinos. The location of the Sun's high-density core shifts relative to the solar surface as gravitational forces exerted by the major planets cause the Sun to experience abrupt acceleration and deceleration, like a yoyo on a string, in its orbit about the ever-changing centre-of-mass of the solar system. Solar cycles (surface magnetic activity, solar eruptions, and sunspots) and major climate changes arise from changes in the depth of the energetic SN core remnant in the interior of the Sun.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Earth's Heat Source - The Sun

The Sun encompasses planet Earth, supplies the heat that warms it, and even shakes it. The United Nation Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assumed that solar influence on our climate is limited to changes in solar irradiance and adopted the consensus opinion of a Hydrogen-filled Sun, the Standard Solar Model (SSM). They did not consider the alternative solar model and instead adopted another consensus opinion: Anthropogenic greenhouse gases play a dominant role in climate change. The SSM fails to explain the solar wind, solar cycles, and the empirical link of solar surface activity with Earth changing climate. The alternative solar model, that was molded from an embarrassingly large number of unexpected observations revealed by space-age measurements since 1959, explains not only these puzzles but also how closely linked interactions between the Sun and its planets and other celestial bodies induce turbulent cycles of secondary solar characteristics that significantly affect Earth climate.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2010

Regarding Llewellyn Thomas's paper of 1927 and the "hidden momentum" of a magnetic dipole in an electric field

L. H. Thomas, in his 1927 paper, "The Kinematics of an Electron with an Axis", explained the then-anomalous factor of one-half in atomic spin-orbit coupling as due to a relativistic precession of the electron spin axis. Thomas's explanation required also that the total of the orbit-averaged, or "secular", orbital and spin angular momenta of the electron be a conserved quantity, as he found to be the case for either of two possible equations of translational motion of the magnetic electron. Thomas's finding is seen in the present work to require the "hidden momentum" of the electron intrinsic magnetic moment in the Coulomb field of the proton be omitted from its equation of translational motion. Omission of the hidden momentum is contrary to the position of standard modern electrodynamics texts, and leads to violation of Newton's law of action and reaction, negating Thomas's result. Including the hidden momentum results in linear momentum conservation, but in the presence of Thomas precession, the total angular momentum is not generally conserved. The total angular momentum precesses for non-aligned spin and orbit, even in the absence of externally-applied magnetic field. As Thomas observes that secular angular momentum conservation is a necessary condition for a consistent simultaneous description of spin-orbit coupling and the anomalous Zeeman effect, such is not possible within classical electrodynamics in its absence.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Inverse problem for Planck formula

Planck formula is considered as a first moment (average value) of unknown function of electromagnetic energy distribution of black body radiation. In-verse problem for the definition of the unknown function is solved for Gibbs ensemble. The solution needs of ensembles with both absolute temperatures: positive temperature and negative temperature. Such ensembles are the part of more extended class of ensembles with finite energies and finite phase vol-umes. In addition, the absence of Bohr - van Leeuwen paradox is considered for such statistical ensembles.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

The fourth Dimension

In different passages of his dialogues, Plato showed deep mathematically-based physical insights. Regrettably most readers overlooked the respective statements, or they utterly did not understand those hints since they were full of philological fallacious terms. Respectable translators misinterpreted such statements and therefore Plato's respective remarks were not recognized as substantial knowledge. Furthermore, Plato often supplemented such basic remarks by diffusely veiled and varied allusions that were often ironically hidden somewhere in his dialogues by inconspicuous double meanings. However, this mode of intentionally coded discrete communication was generally not understood because such irony is not to everyone's taste. However, the attempts to reconstruct Plato's system on the basis of admittedly individually interpreted double meanings lead to a conclusive mathematical-physical cyclical system of dimensions. Additionally it was possible to assign Plato's system of philosophical ideas analogously to this cyclical system. Plato took the verifiability of the mathematical-physical results as proof of the system of his ideas and finally as proof of his ethical creed, the unconditional trust in the 'all surmounting Good.'

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

The Missing Mass of the Milky Way Galaxy

This work verifies the principle that gravitation is caused by {\it energy} and not simply by mass alone. A model is proposed in which cosmic ray protons flow radially through the galaxy. The resulting electric field energy creates a gravitational force, in addition to the conventional Newtonian force. The model yields a rotation curve that agrees in detail with the experimental curve. The total electric field energy is calculated. It is the missing mass of the galaxy.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

QJT as a Regularization: Origin of the New Gauge Anomalies

QJT is considered as a regularization of QFT, where the fields are replaced by finite $p$-jets. The regularized phase space is infinite-dimensional, because not all histories are determined by initial conditions. Gauge symmetries are not fully preserved by the regularization, and gauge anomalies arise. These anomalies are of a new type, not present in QFT. They generically diverge when the regulator is removed, but can be made finite with a particular choice of field content, provided that spacetime has at most four dimensions. The field content appears to include unphysical fields that violate the spin-statistics theorem.

physics.gen-ph↗