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arXiv2013

Project 8: Using Radio-Frequency Techniques to Measure Neutrino Mass

The Project 8 experiment aims to measure the neutrino mass using tritium beta decays. Beta-decay electron energies will be measured with a novel technique: as the electrons travel in a uniform magnetic field their cyclotron radiation will be detected. The frequency of each electron's cyclotron radiation is inversely proportional to its total relativistic energy; therefore, by observing the cyclotron radiation we can make a precise measurement of the electron energies. The advantages of this technique include scalability, excellent energy resolution, and low backgrounds. The collaboration is using a prototype experiment to study the feasibility of the technique with a $^{83m}$Kr source. Demonstrating the ability to see the 17.8 keV and 30.2 keV conversion electrons from $^{83m}$Kr will show that it may be possible to measure tritium beta-decay electron energies ($Q \approx 18.6$ keV) with their cyclotron radiation. Progress on the prototype, analysis and signal-extraction techniques, and an estimate of the potential future of the experiment will be discussed.

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arXiv2013

Overview on Low-flux Detectors

Laboratory based searches for weakly-interacting slim particles (WISPs) of the light-shining-through-a-wall type (LSW) use visible or near-infrared (NIR) laser light. Low-noise and highly efficient detectors are necessary to improve over previous experiments. These requirements overlap with the requirements for single-photon detectors (SPDs) for quantum information (QI) experiments. In this contribution, the sensitivity of several QI SPDs is compared to photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) and imaging charge-coupled devices (CCDs). It is found that only transition edge sensors (TESs) are viable alternatives to CCDs if the signal can be focussed to a few micro meters.

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arXiv2013

Comparison of Fast Amplifiers for Diamond Detectors

The development of Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) diamond detectors requests for novel signal amplifiers, capable to match the superb signal-to-noise ratio and timing response of these detectors. Existing amplifiers are still far away from this goal and are the dominant contributors to the overall system noise and the main source of degradation of the energy and timing resolution. We tested a number of commercial amplifiers designed for diamond detector readout to identify the best solution for a particular application. This application required a deposited energy threshold below 100 keV and timing resolution of the order of 200 ps at 200 keV. None of tested amplifiers satisfies these requirements. The best solution to such application found to be the Cividec C6 amplifier, which allows 100 keV minimal threshold, but its coincidence timing resolution at 200 keV is as large as 1.2 ns.

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arXiv2013

The new radiation-hard optical links for the ATLAS pixel detector

The ATLAS detector is currently being upgraded with a new layer of pixel based charged particle tracking and a new arrangement of the services for the pixel detector. These upgrades require the replacement of the opto-boards previously used by the pixel detector. In this report we give details on the design and production of the new opto-boards.

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arXiv2013

A Prototype of Wireless Power and Data Acquisition System for Large Detectors

A new prototype wireless data acquisition system has been developed with the intended application to read-out instrumentation systems having a large number of channels. In addition such system could be deployed in smaller detectors requiring increased mobility. The data acquisition and control system is based on 802.11n compliant hardware and protocols. In this paper we describe our case study with a single readout channel performed for a potential large detector containing photomultiplier tubes. The front-end circuitry, including a high-voltage power supply is powered wirelessly thus creating an all-wireless detector readout. The benchmarked performance of the prototype system and how a large scale implementation of the system might be realized are discussed.

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arXiv2013

The Precision IceCube Next Generation Upgrade

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, completed in December 2010 and located at the geographic South Pole, is the largest neutrino telescope in the world. IceCube includes the more densely instrumented DeepCore subarray, which increases IceCube's sensitivity at neutrino energies down to 10 GeV. DeepCore has recently demonstrated sensitivity to muon neutrino disappearance from atmospheric neutrino oscillation. A further extension is under consideration, the Precision IceCube Next Generation Upgrade (PINGU) which would lower the energy threshold below about 10 GeV. In particular, PINGU would be sensitive to the effects of the neutrino mass hierarchy, which is one of the outstanding questions in particle physics. Preliminary feasibility studies indicate that PINGU can make a high significance determination of the mass hierarchy within a few years of construction.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2013

Design considerations for the cosmic-ray-veto system of the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab

Since the discovery of the muon, particle physicists have carried out a series of experiments aimed at measuring flavor violation in charged-lepton interactions. To date, no such violation has been observed. The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the charged lepton flavor violating process of coherent muon-to-electron conversion in the presence of a nucleus with a sensitivity four orders of magnitude beyond current limits. The experiment will have a single event sensitivity of about $2.5\times10^{-17}$ while limiting the total background to less than 0.5 events. One potential background is due to cosmic-ray muons producing an electron that is indistinguishable from signal within the Mu2e apparatus. The cosmic-ray-veto system of the Mu2e experiment is tasked with vetoing cosmic-ray-induced backgrounds with high efficiency without inducing significant dead time and while operating in a high-intensity environment. In this note the challenges related to the high-radiation environment that influence the design of the cosmic-ray-veto system will be discussed.

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arXiv2013

Proposal: A Search for Sterile Neutrino at J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility

We propose a definite search for sterile neutrinos at the J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF). With the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and spallation neutron target, an intense neutrino beam from muon decay at rest (DAR) is available. Neutrinos come from μ+ decay, and the oscillation to be searched for is (anti νμ-> anti νe) which is detected by the inverse βdecay interaction (anti νe + p -> e+ + n), followed by a gamma from neutron capture. The unique features of the proposed experiment, compared with the LSND and experiments using horn focused beams, are; (1) The pulsed beam with about 600 ns spill width from J-PARC RCS and muon long lifetime allow us to select neutrinos from μDAR only. (2) Due to nuclear absorption of π- and μ-, neutrinos from μ- decay are suppressed to about the $10^{-3}$ level. (3) Neutrino cross sections are well known. The inverse βdecay cross section is known to be a few percent accuracy. (4) The neutrino energy can be calculated from positron energy by adding ~1.8 MeV. (5) The anti νμand νe fluxes have different and well defined spectra. This allows us to separate oscillated signals from those due to μ- decay contamination. We propose to proceed with the oscillation search in steps since the region of Δm^2 to be searched can be anywhere between sub-eV^2 to several tens of eV^2. We start to examine the large Δm^2 region, which can be done with short baseline at first. At close distance to the MLF target gives a high neutrino flux, and allows us to use relatively small detector. If no definitive positive signal is found, a future option exists to cover small Δm^2 region. This needs a relatively long baseline and requires a large detector to compensate for the reduced neutrino flux.

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arXiv2013

Design and Testing of a Wireless Demonstrator for Large Instrumentation Systems

In this proceeding, we report the development of a wireless demonstrator intended to readout instrumentation systems having thousands of channels. A data acquisition system was designed and tested based on compliant implementation of 802.11n based hardware and protocols. This project is for large detectors containing photomultiplier tubes. Both free-space optical and radio frequency techniques were tested for wireless power transfer. The front-end circuitry, including a high-voltage power supply was powered wirelessly, thus creating an all-wireless detector readout. The system was successfully tested as a single detector module, which was powered wirelessly and transmitted data wirelessly. The performance of the prototype system and how a large scale implementation of the system might be realized are described in this proceeding.

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arXiv2013

The Heavy Photon Search Experiment at Jefferson Lab

The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) is a new experiment at Jefferson Lab that will search for heavy U(1) vector bosons (heavy photons or dark photons) in the mass range of 20 MeV/c$^2$ to 1 GeV/c$^2$. Dark photons in this mass range are theoretically favorable and may mediate dark matter interactions. The dark photon couples to electric charge through kinetic mixing with the photon, allowing its production through a process analogous to bremsstrahlung radiation. HPS will utilize this production mechanism to probe dark photons with relative couplings of $ε^2 = α'/α$ ~ $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-10}$ and search for the $e^{+}e^{-}$ or $μ^{+}μ^{-}$ decay of the dark photon via two signatures (invariant mass and displaced vertex). Using Jefferson Lab's high luminosity electron beam along with a compact large acceptance forward spectrometer consisting of a silicon vertex tracker, lead tungstate electromagnetic calorimeter and a muon detector, HPS will access hitherto unexplored regions in the mass/coupling space.

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arXiv2013

Potential Impact of a New GEM-based Detector on CMS Triggering

With the increases in the LHC instantaneous luminosity, maintaining effective triggering and avoiding dead time will become especially challenging. As the sensitivity of many physics studies, depends critically on the ability to maintain relatively low muon momentum thresholds, the identification of potential improvements in triggering is particularly important. The addition of a new muon detector to the existing CMS muon system in the very forward region allows for a substantial improvement in the performance of muon triggering. Integration of the new detector and the existing Cathode Strip Chamber system can improve the muon trigger momentum resolution due to an increase in the lever arm for the measurement of the muon bending angle.

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arXiv2013

Ionization Yield from Nuclear Recoils in Liquid-Xenon Dark Matter Detection

The ionization yield in the two-phase liquid xenon dark-matter detector has been studied in keV nuclear-recoil energy region. The newly-obtained nuclear quenching as well as the recently-measured average energy required to produce an electron-ion pair are used to calculate the total electric charges produced. To estimate the fraction of the electron charges collected, the Thomas-Imel model is generalized to describing the field dependence for nuclear recoils in liquid xenon. With free parameters fitted to experiment measured 56.5 keV nuclear recoils, the energy dependence of ionization yield for nuclear recoils is predicted, which increases with the decreasing of the recoiling energy and reaches the maximum value at 2~3 keV. This prediction agrees well with existing data and may help to lower the energy detection threshold for nuclear recoils to ~1 keV.

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arXiv2013

Why should we keep measuring zenital dependence of muon flux? Results obtained at Campinas (SP) BR

The zenital dependence of muon flux which reaches the earth's surface is well known as proportional to cos^n(θ). Generally, for practical purposes and simplicity in calculations, n is taken as 2. However, compilations of measurements show dependence on the geographical location of the experiments as well as the muons energy range. Since analytical solutions appear to be increasingly less necessary because of the higher accessibility to low cost computational power, accurate and precise determination of the value of the exponent n, under different conditions, can be useful in the necessary calculations to estimate signals and backgrounds, either for terrestrial and underground experiments. In this work we discuss a method for measuring n using a simple muon telescope and the results obtained for measurements taken at Campinas (SP), Brazil. After validation of the method, we intend to extend the measurements for different geographic locations due to the simplicity of the method, and thus collect more values of n that currently exist in compilations of general data on cosmic rays.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2013

High Performance Photocathodes based on Molecular Beam Epitaxy Deposition for Next Generation Photo Detectors and Light Sources

The development of high-performance photocathodes is a key challenge for future accelerator and particle physics applications. In this paper photocathode growth through molecular beam epitaxy is introduced as a promising technique to obtain robust, highly efficient alkali-antimonide based photocathodes. Recent research shows that the quantum efficiency of photocathodes can be significantly enhanced through control of the photocathode crystallinity. Molecular beam epitaxy allows for cost-effective growth of large-area photocathodes with excellent control of the stoichiometry and crystallinity, making photocathodes with peak quantum efficiencies exceeding 35% routine.

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arXiv2013

Using Fast Photosensors in Water Cherenkov Neutrino Detectors

Many of the yet unanswered questions in neutrino physics, such as CP violation in the lepton sector or neutrino mass hierarchy, could be answered with higher sensitivity neutrino experiments. New photodetectors based on micro-channel plates are being developed by the Large-Area Picosecond Photo Detector (LAPPD) Collaboration. These photosensors have been shown to have excellent spatial and timing resolution. Using these devices in massive water Cherenkov detectors, we could significantly improve the vertex resolution for neutrinos enhancing background rejection for neutrino oscillation experiments. We present preliminary results on the reconstruction capabilities for single particles in water Cherenkov detectors using fast photosensors.

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arXiv2013

Design of a Double Spoke Cavity for C-ADS

The RF design of a 325MHz β=0.37 superconducting double spoke cavity for China ADS has been finished. In this paper, the optimization of the spoke cavity is described in detail. The main goal in the RF design is to decrease the normalized surface field. We use the elliptic column instead of cylinder to decrease the normalized magnetic field. The RF simulation gives the optimum parameters Ep/Eacc of 4.39 and Bp/Eacc of 7.15mT/(MV/m), which meet the requirement of C-ADS.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2013

The nature of pulses delayed by 5 mcs in scintillation detectors from showers with the energy above 1E17 eV

Here we consider EAS events with energy above 1E17 eV with recorded pulses delayed by t>=5 mcs in scintillation detectors with different thresholds: 10, 5 and 1.8 MeV. In order to identify pulses from electrons, muons and neutrons, experimental data were compared to computational results performed within the framework of QGSJET01d model. Preliminary, one may speculate of registration of low-energy electrons arisen from moderation of neutrons in a detector or a medium surrounding a detector or in the snow cover and frozen crust (albedo particles). The fact that such pulses were registered mostly in low-threshold detectors confirms this hypothesis.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2013

A new detector for deep inelastic physics

The Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) is a proposed upgrade to the LHC, to provide high energy, high luminosity electron-proton and electron-ion collisions to run concurrently with Phase 2 of the LHC. The key elements of the LHeC detector and the requirements from the physics programme are outlined, followed by a brief description of the baseline LHeC detector design.

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