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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources

Gamma-Ray Bursts, new cosmological beacons

Long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the brightest electromagnetic explosions in the Universe, associated to the death of massive stars. As such, GRBs are potential tracers of the evolution of the cosmic massive star formation, metallicity, and Initial Mass Function. GRBs also proved to be appealing cosmological distance indicators. This opens a unique opportunity to constrain the cosmic expansion history up to redshifts 5-6. A brief review on both subjects is presented here.

astro-ph↗

The Phantom Bounce: A New Proposal for an Oscillating Cosmology

An oscillating universe cycles through a series of expansions and contractions. We propose a model in which ``phantom'' energy with a supernegative pressure ($p < - ρ$) grows rapidly and dominates the late-time expanding phase. The universe's energy density is then so large that the effects of quantum gravity are important at both the beginning and the end of each expansion (or contraction). The bounce can be caused by high energy modifications to the Friedmann equation governing the expansion of the universe, which make the cosmology nonsingular. The classic black hole overproduction of oscillating universes is resolved due to their destruction by the phantom energy.

astro-ph↗

The time-delay of the gravitationally lensed double quasar UM 673

The paper has been withdrawn because double checking and comparison with other data sets after the original submission showed that a broken R-band filter at the Maidanak telescope had affected our quasar monitoring observations in the years 2004 and 2005. They had led to partially spurious measurements, hence our original analysis and conclusions are not reliable.

astro-ph↗

Magnetizing the universe

The origin of cosmic magnetism is an issue of fundamental importance in astrophysics. We review here some of the ideas of how large scale magnetic fields in the universe, particularly in galaxies and galaxy clusters could arise. The popular paradigm involves the generation of a seed magnetic field followed by turbulent dynamo amplification of the seed field. We first outline various seed field generation mechanisms including Biermann batteries. These in general give a field much smaller than the observed field and so they require further amplification by dynamo action. The basic idea behind fluctuation dynamos, as applied to cluster magnetism and the mean-field helical dynamo as applied to disk galaxies, are outlined. Major difficulties with the dynamo paradigm are considered. It is particularly important to understand the nonlinear saturation of dynamos, and whether the fields produced are coherent enough on large-scales to explain the observed fields in galaxies and clusters. At the same time the alternative possibility of a primordial field lacks firm theoretical support but can have very interesting observational consequences.

astro-ph↗

Goodness in the Axis of Evil

An unexpected alignment of 2-4-8-16 cosmic microwave background spherical harmonic directions with the direction of a surprisingly large WMAP temperature minimum, a large radio galaxy void, and an unexpected alignment and handedness of galaxy spins have been observed. The alignments point to RA=202 degrees, delta = 25 degrees and are termed the ``Axis of Evil''. Already many authors have commented about how the AE impacts our understanding of how structure emerged in the Universe within the framework of Lamda-CDM, warm dark matter, string theory, and hydro-gravitational dynamics (HGD). The latter uniquely predicts the size scales of the voids and matter condensations, based upon estimates of fluid forces in the early phases of structure formation. Reported departures from simple Gaussian properties of the WMAP data favor two regimes of turbulent structure formation, and from these we make predictions of the nature of finer structure expected to be measured with the PLANCK spacecraft. From HGD, friction has limited the expansion of superclusters to 30 Mpc but supervoids have expanded with the universe to 300 Mpc.

astro-ph↗

About the annual distribution of magnetically disturbed cloudless days and nights over Abastumani (41.75N, 42.82E)

The annual distribution of the planetary geomagnetic Ap index monthly mean values on visually cloudless days and nights at the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory (41.75N, 42.82E) in 1957-1993 is analyzed. Cloudless days were selected from day-time observations of the total ozone content and cloudless nights from night-time measurements of the mesosphere-thermosphere nightglow intensity. Both series of observations were carried out almost uninterrupted during the referred time period. The distribution of long-term monthly mean Ap values on cloudless days shows a semi-annual variation with maxima on the equinoctial months (March and September), while on cloudless nights it displays a seasonal-like character. The semi-annual and seasonal-like variations of Ap modulate the annual distribution of long-term monthly numbers of cloudless days with maximum in August and that of cloudless nights with maximum in September. The lowest monthly mean Ap value for cloudless days and its highest value for cloudless nights fall on June. Different annual distributions of long-term monthly numbers of cloudless days and nights, when sudden storm commencements are present, have been found. This coupling between the visually cloudless days/nights and the magnetically disturbed days may be considered as a manifestation of the influence of space weather/cosmic factors on the regional and global climate.

astro-ph↗

Time-Frequency Analysis of GALLEX and GNO Solar Neutrino Data: Evidence Suggestive of Asymmetric and Variable Nuclear Burning

Time-frequency analysis of data from the GALLEX and GNO solar neutrino experiments shows that some features in power-spectrum analyses of those datasets are due to aliasing. We normalize data for each of the four experiments in the GALLEX series, concatenate the resulting normalized data, and then form time-frequency displays. We also form time-frequency displays of the two principal modulations found in the data, at 11.87 yr-1 and at 13.63 yr-1, and of the datasets formed by subtracting these modulations from the actual (normalized) data. The results suggest that the true modulation is that at 11.87 yr-1, consistent with the results of our earlier analysis of Homestake solar neutrino data. Comparison with helioseismology data indicates that modulation is occurring either in the radiative zone just below the tachocline, presumably by the RSFP (resonant spin-flavor precession) process, or in the core, presumably due to inhomogeneities and fluctuations in the nuclear-burning process.

hep-ph↗

Do confinement and darkness have the same conceptual roots?

In this note the connection between "perfect dark matter" and string-localization as the tightest noncompact localized matter is pursued in the context of Yang Mills theories. A programmatic approach based on the observation that behind the serious infrared problems which prevented the use of the axial gauge there is unique covariant semiinfinite string-like field, which flucuates in the endpoint as well as in the string direction, is formulated and the open problems are explained. Whereas hitherto the gauge formalism in its local gauge invariants accounted for the observed hadrons the new formalism based on the consistent use of string-localized vectorpotentials has a good chance to unravel the nonlocal part in which energy-momentum carrying dark/confined objects (gluons, quarks,..) may be residing. PACS: 95.35+d, 11.10-z, 11.30 Cp

hep-th↗

Chemical abundances and gas content in disk galaxies: correlations with the $λ$ spin parameter

By using a very simple and general model to describe the dynamics of disk galaxies, we estimate the $λ$ spin parameter for a sample of observed galaxies and present a study in which we show that several important physical properties are intrinsically related to the dynamics of the systems. Although correlations between average metallicity with magnitude or Hubble type are evident, we obtain equally strong correlations with the spin parameter, where galaxies with low $λ$ values present higher abundances and galaxies with high $λ$ values are poor in metals. Also, the gas content of the galaxies correlates with $λ$, with high $λ$ systems showing higher gas mass fractions than low $λ$ galaxies, highlighting the important role this parameter plays in the structure of disk galaxies and the proposal of $λ$ as a robust and objective physical measure of galactic morphology.

astro-ph↗

Binary Lenses in OGLE III EWS Database. Season 2005

We present nine new binary lens candidates from OGLE-III Early Warning System database for the season of 2005. We have also found four events interpreted as single mass lensing of double sources. The candidates have been selected by visual light curves inspection. Examining the models of binary lenses in our previous studies (10 caustic crossing events of OGLE-II seasons 1997--1999 and 34 binary lens events of OGLE-III seasons 2002--2004, including one planetary event), in this work and in three publications concerning planetary events of season 2005, we find four cases of extreme mass ratio binaries (q<0.01), and almost all other models with mass ratios in the range 0.1<q<1.0, which may indicate the division between planetary systems and binary stars.

astro-ph↗

On the origin of clustering of frequency ratios in the atoll source 4U 1636-53

A long discussion has been devoted to the issue of clustering of the kHz QPO frequency ratios in the neutron star sources. While the distribution of ratios inferred from an occurrence of a single QPO seems to be consistent with a random walk, the distribution based on simultaneous detections of both peaks indicates a preference of ratios of small integers. Based on the public RXTE data we further investigate this issue for the source 4U 1636-53. Quality factors and rms amplitudes of both the QPOs nearly equal to the points where the frequencies are commensurable, and where the twin QPO detections cluster. We discuss a connection of the clustering with the varying properties of the two QPO modes. Assuming approximative relations for the observed correlations of the QPO properties, we attempt to reproduce the frequency and ratio distributions using a simple model of a random-walk evolution along the observed frequency-frequency correlation. We obtain results which are in qualitative agreement with the observed distributions.

astro-ph↗

Gravitational Lens Systems to probe Extragalactic Magnetic Fields

The Faraday rotation measurements of multiply-imaged gravitational lens systems can be effectively used to probe the existence of large-scale ordered magnetic fields in lensing galaxies and galaxy clusters. The available sample of lens systems appears to suggest the presence of a coherent large-scale magnetic field in giant elliptical galaxies somewhat similar to the spiral galaxies.

astro-ph↗

Distribution of kilohertz QPO frequencies and their ratios in the atoll source 4U 1636-53

A recently published study on long term evolution of the frequencies of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the atoll source 4U 1636-53 concluded that there is no preferred frequency ratio in a distribution of twin QPOs that was inferred from the distribution of a single frequency alone. However, we find that the distribution of the ratio of actually observed pairs of kHz QPO frequencies is peaked close to the 3/2 value, and possibly also close to the 5/4 ratio. To resolve the apparent contradiction between the two studies, we examine in detail the frequency distributions of the lower kHz QPO and the upper kHz QPO detected in our data set. We demonstrate that for each of the two kHz QPOs (the lower or the upper), the frequency distribution in all detections of a QPO differs from the distribution of frequency of the same QPO in the subset of observations where both the kHz QPOs are detected. We conclude that detections of individual QPOs alone should not be used for calculation of the distribution of the frequency ratios.

astro-ph↗

SETI and muon collider

Intense neutrino beams that accompany muon colliders can be used for interstellar communications. The presence of multi-TeV extraterrestrial muon collider at several light-years distance can be detected after one year run of IceCube type neutrino telescopes, if the neutrino beam is directed towards the Earth. This opens a new avenue in SETI: search for extraterrestrial muon colliders.

physics.pop-ph↗

On the independent points in the sky for the search of periodic gravitational wave

We investigate the independent points in the sky require to search the periodic gravitational wave, assuming the noise power spectral density to be flat. We have made an analysis with different initial azimuth of the Earth for a week data set. The analysis shows significant difference in the independent points in the sky for the search. We numerically obtain an approximate relation to make trade-off between computational cost and sensitivities. We also discuss the feasibility of the coherent search in small frequency band in reference to advanced LIGO.

gr-qc↗

Variable Stars in the Field of the Open Cluster NGC2204

We present the results of a variable stars search in the field of the old open cluster NGC 2204. Five new variables were found, four of them being eclipsing binaries. The sample includes a detached binary located at the turnoff, a W UMa - type system, and an interesting detached low-mass binary with a period of 0.45d which, however, is a foreground object. We provide V-light curves and finder charts for all variables together with color-magnitude diagrams of the cluster. For four variables incomplete I-light curves are also provided.

astro-ph↗

Mass-loss from Red Giants

Although much is known about the nature of winds from hot stars and giants and supergiants with spectral types earlier than K, there is still much to be learned regarding the mass-loss process in cool, late-type stars. We will review the current state of research, with particular reference to observations and modelling of mass-loss from giant stars in symbiotic systems.

astro-ph↗

Explicit exact expression for the Thomas precession

This work gives an explicit exact expression for the Thomas precession arising in the framework of Special Theory of Relativity as the spatial rotation resulting from two subsequence Lorentz boosts. The final result for the orthogonal matrix of Thomas precession is given by Eqs. (21)--(25). A trivial calculation leads to the compact formula (26) for the angle of rotation due to Thomas precession. In the framework of Gaia the special-relativistic Thomas precession is an important step in the derivation of an aberrational formula with the Mansouri-Sexl parameters. The latter formula will be used to test the Local Lorentz Invariance with Gaia data as will be explained elsewhere.

astro-ph↗