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This is an exposition of results of R.C. Vaughan and the author (Mathematika 70 (2024), no. 4). We discuss how often the squarefree values of an integral polynomial do occur. We discuss interrelations between our results and results of B. Poonen (arXiv:math/0203292 [math.NT]).
We establish integrality and congruence properties for the Eisenstein-Kronecker cocycle of Bergeron, Charollois and García introduced in [arXiv:2107.01992v2 [math.NT]]. As a consequence, we recover the integrality of the critical values of Hecke $L$-functions over imaginary quadratic fields in the split case. Additionally, we construct a $p$-adic measure that interpolates these critical values.
In 1973 Montgomery proved, assuming the Riemann Hypothesis (RH), that asymptotically at least 2/3 of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function are simple zeros. In a previous note (arXiv:2511.20059 [math.NT]) we showed how RH can be replaced with a general estimate for a double sum over zeros, and this allows one to then obtain results on zeros that are both simple and on the critical line. Here we give a simple proof based on a direct generalization of Montgomery's proof that on assuming all the zeros are in a narrow vertical box between height $T$ and $2T$ of width $b/\log T$ and centered on the critical line, then, if $b=b(T)\to 0$ as $T\to \infty$, we have asymptotically at least 2/3 of the zeros are simple and on the critical line.
We establish a precise relation between Galois theory in its motivic form with the mathematical theory of perturbative renormalization (in the minimal subtraction scheme with dimensional regularization). We identify, through a Riemann-Hilbert correspondence based on the Birkhoff decomposition and the t'Hooft relations, a universal symmetry group (the "cosmic Galois group" suggested by Cartier), which contains the renormalization group and acts on the set of physical theories. This group is closely related to motivic Galois theory. We construct a universal singular frame of geometric nature, in which all divergences disappear. The paper includes a detailed overview of the work of Connes-Kreimer and background material on the main quantum field theoretic and algebro-geometric notions involved. We give a complete account of our results announced in math.NT/0409306.
This paper has been superseded by math.NT/0205008
We derive a mass formula for n-dimensional unimodular lattices having any prescribed root system. We use Katsurada's formula for the Fourier coefficients of Siegel Eisenstein series to compute these masses for all root systems of even unimodular 32-dimensional lattices and odd unimodular lattices of dimension n < 31. In particular, we find the mass of even unimodular 32-dimensional lattices with no roots, and the mass of odd unimodular lattices with no roots in dimension n < 31, verifying Bacher and Venkov's enumerations in dimensions 27 and 28. We also compute better lower bounds on the number of inequivalent unimodular lattices in dimensions 26 to 30 than those afforded by the Minkowski-Siegel mass constants. The ASCII text file table.txt (1.3 MB) at arXiv:math.NT/0012231 includes the complete table of masses of 32-dimensional even unimodular lattices with any given root system, and may be dowloaded using the source link.
We study M(n,k,r), the number of orbits of {(a_1,...,a_k)\in Z_n^k | a_1+...+a_k = r (mod n)} under the action of S_k. Equivalently, M(n,k,r) sums the partition numbers of an arithmetic sequence: M(n,k,r) = sum_{t \geq 0} p(n-1,k,r+nt), where p(a,b,t) denotes the number of partitions of t into at most b parts, each of which is at most a. We derive closed formulas and various identities for such arithmetic partition sums. These results have already appeared in Elashvili/Jibladze/Pataraia, Combinatorics of necklaces and "Hermite reciprocity", J. Alg. Combin. 10 (1999) 173-188, and the main result was also published by Von Sterneck in Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math. Naturw. Class. 111 (1902), 1567-1601 (see Lemma 2 and references in math.NT/9909121). Thanks to Don Zagier and Robin Chapman for bringing these references to our attention.
Let A be a complete discrete valuation ring with possibly imperfect residue field, and let $χ$ be a one-dimensional Galois representation over A. I show that the non-logarithmic variant of Kato's Swan conductor is the same for $χ$ and the pullback of $χ$ to the generic residual perfection of A. This implies the conductor from "Conductors and the moduli of residual perfection" (math.NT/0112305) extends the non-logarithmic variant of Kato's.
We establish Schmutz Schaller's conjecture that the hexagonal lattice is `better' than the square lattice. Schmutz Schaller (Bulletin of the AMS 35 (1998), p. 201), motivated by considerations from hyperbolic geometry, conjectured that in dimensions 2 to 8 the best known lattice sphere packings have `maximal lengths' and goes on to write: "In dimension 2 the conjecture means in particular that the hexagonal lattice is `better' than the square lattice. More precisely, let 0<h_1<h_2<... be the positive integers, listed in ascending order, which can be written as h_i=x^2+3y^2 for integers x and y. Let 0<q_1<q_2<... be the positive integers, listed in ascending order, which can be written as q_i=x^2+y^2 for integers x and y. Then the conjecture is that q_i<=h_i for i=1,2,3,..." Our proof requires computational prime number theory in combination with methods from a preprint of the first author (to appear in Math. Comp.), arXiv:math.NT/0112100.
Let $ρ(x)=x-[x]$, $χ=χ_{(0,1)}$. In $L_2(0,\infty)$ consider the subspace $\B$ generated by $\{ρ_a|a\geq1\}$ where $ρ_a(x):=ρ(\frac{1}{ax})$. By the Nyman-Beurling criterion the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the statement $χ\in\bar{\B}$. For some time it has been conjectured, and proved in the first version of this paper, posted in arXiv:math.NT/0202141 v2, that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the stronger statement that $χ\in\bar{\Bnat}$ where $\Bnat$ is the much smaller subspace generated by $\{ρ_a|a\in\Nat\}$. This second version differs from the first in showing that under the Riemann hypothesis for some constant $c>0$ the distance between $χ$ and $-\sum_{a=1}^nμ(a)e^{-c\frac{\log a}{\log\log n}}ρ_a$ is of order $(\log\log n)^{-1/3}$.
A general hypergeometric construction of linear forms in (odd) zeta values is presented. The construction allows to recover the records of Rhin and Viola for the irrationality measures of $ζ(2)$ and $ζ(3)$, as well as to explain Rivoal's "infinitely-many" result (math.NT/0008051) and to prove that at least one of the four numbers $ζ(5)$, $ζ(7)$, $ζ(9)$, and $ζ(11)$ is irrational.
In this note we produce examples of converging sequences of Galois representations, and study some of their properties. Some of the results here are used in the preprint math.NT/0210296.
The aim of this paper is to give an application of p-adic Hodge theory to stringy Hodge numbers introduced by V. Batyrev for a mathematical formulation of mirror symmetry. Since the stringy Hodge numbers of an algebraic variety are defined by choosing a resolution of singularities, the well-definedness is not clear from the definition. We give a proof of the well-definedness based on arithmetic results such as p-adic integration and p-adic Hodge theory. Note that another proof of the well-definedness was already obtained by V. Batyrev himself by motivic integration. This is a generalization of the author's earlier work in math.NT/0209269, where he treats only the smooth case.
In his previous papers (J. reine angew. Math. 544 (2002), 91--110; math.AG/0103203) the author introduced a certain explicit construction of superelliptic jacobians, whose endomorphism ring is the ring of integers in the $p$th cyclotomic field. (Here $p$ is an odd prime.) In the present paper we discuss when these jacobians are mutually non-isogenous. (The case of hyperelliptic jacobians was treated in author's e-print math.NT/0301173 .)
Let $Z=X_1\times...\times X_n$ be a product of Drinfeld modular curves. We characterize those algebraic subvarieties $X \subset Z$ containing a Zariski-dense set of CM points, i.e. points corresponding to $n$-tuples of Drinfeld modules with complex multiplication (and suitable level structure). This is a characteristic $p$ analogue of a special case of the André-Oort conjecture. We follow closely the approach used by Bas Edixhoven in characteristic zero, see math.NT/0302138. Note that in this paper we assume that the characteristic $p$ is odd, and we only treat the case of Drinfeld $F_q[T]$-modules.
This paper deals with a question of Fontaine and Rapoport which was posed in math.NT/0204293. There they asked for the determination of the index set of the Harder-Narasimhan vectors of the filtered isocrystals with fixed Newton- and Hodge vector. The aim of this paper is to give an answer to their question.
This paper is second in a series of three papers; the first of which is "Summation Formulas, from Poisson and Voronoi to the Present" (math.NT/0304187), and the third of which is "Automorphic Distributions, L-functions, and Voronoi Summation for GL(3)". The first paper is primarily an expository paper, while the third proves a Voronoi-style summation formula for the coefficients of a cusp form on GL(3,Z)\GL(3,R). This present paper contains the distributional machinery used in the third paper for rigorously deriving the summation formula, and also for the proof of the GL(3)xGL(1) converse theorem given in the third paper. The primary concept studied is a notion of the order of vanishing of a distribution along a closed submanifold. Applications are given to the analytic continuation of Riemann's zeta function; degree 1 and degree 2 L-functions; the converse theorem for GL(2); and a characterization of the classical Mellin transform/inversion relations on functions with specified singularities.
In a previous paper with Schmid (math.NT/0402382) we considered the regularity of automorphic distributions for GL(2,R), and its connections to other topics in number theory and analysis. In this paper we turn to the higher rank setting, establishing the nontrivial bound sum_{n < T} a_n exp(2 pi i n alpha) = O_ε(T^{3/4+ε}) uniformly for alpha real, for a_n the coefficients of the L-function of a cusp form on GL(3,Z)\GL(3,R). We also derive an equivalence (Theorem 7.1) between analogous cancellation statements for cusp forms on GL(n,R), and the sizes of certain period integrals. These in turn imply estimates for the second moment of cusp form L-functions.